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This study aimed to determine if there are coincident family or sociodemographic patterns in the group of pediatric patients diagnosed with MIH. A cross-sectional descriptive observational study. An oral examination was performed to diagnose the presence or absence of MIH in children aged 6 to 14 years who attended the Dentistry Service of the Primary Care Center in Roquetes, Catalunya, Spain, plus a questionnaire created ad hoc with sociodemographic and family structure variables that the parents filled out during the visit. A total sample of 305 patients was recruited; 153 had MIH and 152 did not. The sample was grouped, according to the country of maternal origin: (1) children with a mother of Spanish nationality (44.92%), and (2) children with a mother of foreign nationality (55.08%). In group 1, a significant association was found between having MIH and the variables \u201cMother with higher education\u201d (p-value\u2009=\u20090.002); \u201cChild does not live with both parents\u201d (p-value\u2009=\u20090.012); \u201cPlace of birth of the child other than the place of current residence\u201d (p-value\u2009=\u20090.002). In group 2, the variables correlated with MIH were: \u201cMother\u2019s locality different from the father\u2019s locality\u201d (p-value\u2009=\u20090.002); \u201cMother\u2019s locality different from the child\u2019s birth\u201d (p-value\u2009=\u20090.001). Unfavorable sociodemographic factors, the phenomenon of migration, and the family structure of not living with both parents were associated with the presence of MIH in the children in the present study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-39879-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T10:26:36Z","timestamp":1770805596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Family structure and sociodemographic factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralization in children"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"S\u00edlvia Llu\u00eds","family":"Poy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Veloso","family":"Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Fern\u00e1ndez","family":"S\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba Romero","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Ju\u00e1rez","family":"Fust\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Guinot","family":"Jimeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"39879_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2012.01244.x","volume":"23","author":"A -Ghanim","year":"2013","unstructured":"-Ghanim, A., Manton, D., Bailey, D., Mari\u00f1o, R. & Morgan, M. Risk factors in the occurrence of molar-incisor hypomineralization amongst a group of Iraqi children. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 23 (3), 197\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2012.01244.x (2013). Epub 2012 May 31.","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"issue":"2","key":"39879_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2011.01172.x","volume":"22","author":"TP Mart\u00ednez G\u00f3mez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez G\u00f3mez, T. P., Guinot Jimeno, F., Bellet Dalmau, L. J. & Giner Tarrida, L. Prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralisation observed using transillumination in a group of children from Barcelona (Spain). Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 22 (2), 100\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2011.01172.x (2012). Epub 2011 Aug 24.","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. 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