{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:57:37Z","timestamp":1791946657463,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Damietta General Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oral fungal infections, particularly those caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pichia kudriavzevii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , pose significant health challenges, especially in immunocompromised individuals. This study systematically investigates the antifungal efficacy, antioxidant, and antiproliferative of essential oils (EOs) from\n                    <jats:italic>Mentha longifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Cupressus macrocarpa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , encapsulated in polydopamine (PDA) nanocapsules to enhance their stability and bioactivity. Compositional analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified key bioactive compounds contributing to their antifungal and antioxidant properties. The nanocapsules were further characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis, confirming their successful encapsulation, nanoscale morphology, and surface charge stability. The encapsulated EOs demonstrated significantly enhanced antifungal activity, with lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) than their non-encapsulated counterparts. Additionally, they exhibited strong antioxidant potential in the DPPH assay and notable cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines. TEM provided direct evidence of fungal cell disruption, including chromatin condensation, membrane damage, and cytoplasmic leakage, indicating apoptosis and necrosis. The synergistic interaction between EOs and PDA, confirmed by fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) analysis, highlights their potential as effective antifungal agents. These findings strongly support EO-PDA nanocapsules as a promising alternative for treating oral fungal infections while also exhibiting potential anticancer properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-40233-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T11:15:45Z","timestamp":1773227745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Enhanced antifungal and cytotoxic potential of essential oils encapsulated in polydopamine nanocapsules against Candida albicans and Pichia kudriavzevii"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"El-Sayed M.","family":"El-Morsy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa T.","family":"Mohesien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Alghzaly Mohamed","family":"Abdellatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsayed","family":"Elbayoumy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"40233_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.01.146","volume":"99","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Human oral microbiota and its modulation for oral health. Biomed. Pharmacother. 99, 883\u2013893 (2018).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"40233_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2015.06.002","volume":"26","author":"H Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu, H. & Dongari-Bagtzoglou, A. Shaping the oral mycobiota: interactions of opportunistic fungi with oral bacteria and the host. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 26, 65\u201370 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"40233_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-018-1505-3","volume":"200","author":"D Verma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verma, D., Garg, P. K. & Dubey, A. K. Insights into the human oral Microbiome. Arch. Microbiol. 200, 525\u2013540 (2018).","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"40233_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.11.006","volume":"69","author":"WG Wade","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wade, W. G. The oral Microbiome in health and disease. Pharmacol. Res. 69, 137\u2013143 (2013).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"40233_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3684","volume":"14","author":"DM Underhill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Underhill, D. M. & Iliev, I. D. The mycobiota: interactions between commensal fungi and the host immune system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 14, 405\u2013416 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"40233_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx111","volume":"56","author":"M Chevalier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chevalier, M., Ranque, S. & Pr\u00eacheur, I. Oral fungal-bacterial biofilm models in vitro: a review. Med. Mycol. 56, 653\u2013667 (2018).","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"40233_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.07.004","volume":"26","author":"C Moissl-Eichinger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moissl-Eichinger, C. et al. Archaea are interactive components of complex microbiomes. Trends Microbiol. 26, 70\u201385 (2018).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"40233_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cannon, R. D. Oral fungal infections: Past, Present, and future. Frontiers Oral Health 3, 35187534 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2022.838639"},{"key":"40233_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0802-z","volume":"15","author":"TL Ward","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ward, T. L., Knights, D. & Gale, C. A. Infant fungal communities: current knowledge and research opportunities. BMC Med. 15, 30 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"40233_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270613","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2016.1270613","volume":"9","author":"MM Janus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Janus, M. M. et al. Candida albicans alters the bacterial Microbiome of early in vitro oral biofilms. J. Oral Microbiol. 9, 1270613 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"40233_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.06.029","volume":"34","author":"S Antinori","year":"2016","unstructured":"Antinori, S., Milazzo, L., Sollima, S., Galli, M. & Corbellino, M. Candidemia and invasive candidiasis in adults: A narrative review. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 34, 21\u201328 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"40233_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2019.07.006","volume":"29","author":"S Ghazi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghazi, S. et al. The epidemiology of Candida species in the middle East and North Africa. J. Mycol. Med. 29, 245\u2013252 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"40233_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12120","volume":"43","author":"L Feller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feller, L., Khammissa, R. A. G., Chandran, R., Altini, M. & Lemmer, J. Oral candidosis in relation to oral immunity. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 43, 563\u2013569 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"40233_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2014.08.006","volume":"98","author":"ET Stoopler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stoopler, E. T. & Sollecito, T. P. Oral mucosal diseases. Med. Clin. North Am. 98, 1323\u20131352 (2014).","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"40233_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2016.02.022","volume":"34","author":"JW Millsop","year":"2016","unstructured":"Millsop, J. W. & Fazel, N. Oral candidiasis. Clin. Dermatol. 34, 487\u2013494 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"40233_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12120","volume":"43","author":"L Feller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feller, L., Khammissa, R. A. G., Chandran, R., Altini, M. & Lemmer, J. Oral candidosis in relation to oral immunity. J. Oral Pathol. Med. 43, 563\u2013569 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"40233_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2014.08.006","volume":"98","author":"ET Stoopler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stoopler, E. T. & Sollecito, T. P. Oral mucosal diseases. Med. Clin. North Am. 98, 1323\u20131352 (2014).","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"40233_CR18","first-page":"105","volume":"18","author":"AJ Carrillo-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carrillo-Mu\u00f1oz, A. J. et al. [Evaluation of chromalbicans agar for presumptive identification of Candida albicans]. Rev. Iberoam Micol. 18, 105\u2013108 (2001).","journal-title":"Rev. Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"40233_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)94053-6","volume":"10","author":"E Zavarin","year":"1971","unstructured":"Zavarin, E., Lawrence, L. & Thomas, M. C. Compositional variations of leaf monoterpenes in Cupressus macrocarpa, C. pygmaea, C. goveniana, C. abramsiana and C. sargentii. Phytochemistry 10, 379\u2013393 (1971).","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"40233_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsyr.2005.02.003","volume":"5","author":"A DEVKATTE","year":"2005","unstructured":"DEVKATTE, A., ZORE, G. & KARUPPAYIL, S. Potential of plant oils as inhibitors of growth. FEMS Yeast Res. 5, 867\u2013873 (2005).","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res."},{"key":"40233_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S1684-1182(10)60069-2","volume":"43","author":"V Agarwal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agarwal, V., Lal, P. & Pruthi, V. Effect of plant oils on Candida albicans. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. 43, 447\u2013451 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect."},{"key":"40233_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.32598\/CMM.2023.1359","volume":"8","author":"AAH AL-Janabi","year":"2022","unstructured":"AL-Janabi, A. A. H. Antifungal activity of essential oils against Itraconazoleresistant pathogenic Candida isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis. Curr. Med. Mycol. 8, 22\u201326 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"40233_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13282","volume":"121","author":"E Bona","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bona, E. et al. Sensitivity of Candida albicans to essential oils: are they an alternative to antifungal agents? J. Appl. Microbiol. 121, 1530\u20131545 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"40233_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, G. & Huang, T. Essential oils as promising treatments for treating Candida albicans infections: research progress, mechanisms, and clinical applications. Front Pharmacol 15, 1400105 (2024).","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1400105"},{"key":"40233_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moghaddam, M. & Mehdizadeh, L. Chemistry of Essential Oils and Factors Influencing Their Constituents. in Soft Chemistry and Food Fermentation 379\u2013419Elsevier, (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-811412-4.00013-8","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811412-4.00013-8"},{"key":"40233_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2004.11.002","volume":"66","author":"LG Cool","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cool, L. G. Sesquiterpenes from Cupressus Macrocarpa foliage. Phytochemistry 66, 249\u2013260 (2005).","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"40233_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114080","volume":"280","author":"M Mehrnia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mehrnia, M., Akaberi, M., Amiri, M. S., Nadaf, M. & Emami, S. A. Ethnopharmacological studies of medicinal plants in central Zagros, Lorestan Province, Iran. J. Ethnopharmacol. 280, 114080 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"40233_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-022-00636-4","volume":"23","author":"P Nidhi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nidhi, P., Dev, K., Negi, P. & Sourirajan, A. Development and evaluation of hydrogel formulation comprising essential oil of mentha longifolia L. for oral candidiasis. Adv. Traditional Med. 23, 777\u2013787 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Traditional Med."},{"key":"40233_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2015.1108246","volume":"19","author":"K Saeidi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saeidi, K., Ghafari, Z. & Rostami, S. Effect of drying methods on essential oil content and composition of Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson. J. Essent. Oil Bearing Plants. 19, 391\u2013396 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Bearing Plants"},{"key":"40233_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1383211","volume":"80","author":"E Al-Sayed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Sayed, E. & Abdel-Daim, M. Protective role of Cupressuflavone from Cupressus Macrocarpa against carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepato- and nephrotoxicity in mice. Planta Med. 80, 1665\u20131671 (2014).","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"40233_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2085-0","volume":"18","author":"MZM Salem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salem, M. Z. M. et al. Bioactivity of essential oils extracted from Cupressus Macrocarpa branchlets and Corymbia Citriodora leaves grown in Egypt. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 18, 23 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"40233_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fahed, L. et al. Essential oils composition and antimicrobial activity of six conifers harvested in Lebanon. Chem Biodivers 14, 27685246 (2017).","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201600235"},{"key":"40233_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13060568","volume":"13","author":"A Kowalczyk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kowalczyk, A. Essential oils against Candida auris\u2014A promising approach for antifungal activity. Antibiotics 13, 568 (2024).","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"40233_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14030303","volume":"14","author":"A Menichetti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Menichetti, A., Mordini, D. & Montalti, M. Polydopamine nanosystems in drug delivery: effect of Size, Morphology, and surface charge. Nanomaterials 14, 303 (2024).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"40233_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53303","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA07678E","volume":"6","author":"VC Thompson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thompson, V. C. et al. Biocompatible anti-microbial coatings for urinary catheters. RSC Adv. 6, 53303\u201353309 (2016).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"40233_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.03.049","volume":"524","author":"Y Malinovskaya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malinovskaya, Y. et al. Delivery of doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles into U87 human glioblastoma cells. Int. J. Pharm. 524, 77\u201390 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"40233_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, D., Vaz, A. T., Grainha, T., Rodrigues, C. F. & Pereira, M. O. Design of an antifungal surface embedding liposomal amphotericin B through a mussel Adhesive-Inspired coating strategy. Front Chem 7, 431 (2019).","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2019.00431"},{"key":"40233_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2011.03.003","volume":"44","author":"F Dons\u00ec","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dons\u00ec, F., Annunziata, M., Sessa, M. & Ferrari, G. Nanoencapsulation of essential oils to enhance their antimicrobial activity in foods. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 44, 1908\u20131914 (2011).","journal-title":"LWT - Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"40233_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2024.108544","volume":"194","author":"D Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, D. et al. Preparation of polydopamine methacrylamide lavender nanocapsules and study of their washing resistance properties. Prog Org. Coat. 194, 108544 (2024).","journal-title":"Prog Org. Coat."},{"key":"40233_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-011-0610-y","volume":"51","author":"S Karakaya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karakaya, S. et al. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from Rosemary. J. Food Sci. Technol. 51, 1056\u20131065 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"40233_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.01.093","volume":"188","author":"Y Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. A physically crosslinked polydopamine\/nanocellulose hydrogel as potential versatile vehicles for drug delivery and wound healing. Carbohydr. Polym. 188, 27\u201336 (2018).","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"40233_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127161","volume":"253","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Li, L. & Hu, J. Development of biobased multifunctional films incorporated with essential oils@polydopamine nanocapsules for food preservation applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 253, 127161 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"40233_CR43","first-page":"e00181","volume":"6","author":"L Himed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Himed, L., Merniz, S., Monteagudo-Olivan, R., Barkat, M. & Coronas, J. Antioxidant activity of the essential oil of citrus Limon before and after its encapsulation in amorphous SiO2. Sci. Afr. 6, e00181 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Afr."},{"key":"40233_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4566","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25194566","volume":"25","author":"NA Al Zahrani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al Zahrani, N. A., El-Shishtawy, R. M., Elaasser, M. M. & Asiri, A. M. Synthesis of novel Chalcone-Based phenothiazine derivatives as antioxidant and anticancer agents. Molecules 25, 4566 (2020).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"40233_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","volume":"65","author":"T Mosmann","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mosmann, T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J. Immunol. Methods. 65, 55\u201363 (1983).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"40233_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.03.032","volume":"97","author":"A Kumaran","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kumaran, A. Joel karunakaran, R. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of coleus aromaticus. Food Chem. 97, 109\u2013114 (2006).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"40233_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-011-0251-1","volume":"48","author":"SB Kedare","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kedare, S. B. & Singh, R. P. Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. J. Food Sci. Technol. 48, 412\u2013422 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"40233_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2014.08.018","volume":"22","author":"PC Nobre","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nobre, P. C. et al. Organochalcogen compounds from glycerol: synthesis of new antioxidants. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 22, 6242\u20136249 (2014).","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"40233_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2021.10.021","volume":"35","author":"R Reviana","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reviana, R. et al. Analysis of antioxidant activity on cocktail honey products as female pre-conception supplements. Gac Sanit. 35, S202\u2013S205 (2021).","journal-title":"Gac Sanit."},{"key":"40233_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2478\/10004-1254-65-2014-2486","volume":"65","author":"B Jer\u0161ek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jer\u0161ek, B. et al. Effects of selected essential oils on the growth and production of Ochratoxin A by penicillium verrucosum. Archives Industrial Hygiene Toxicol. 65, 199\u2013208 (2014).","journal-title":"Archives Industrial Hygiene Toxicol."},{"key":"40233_CR51","first-page":"0","volume":"0","author":"ESM EL-MORSY","year":"2025","unstructured":"EL-MORSY, E. S. M., Elbayoumy, E., Abdellatif, M. A. M. & Mohesien, M. T. Morphological and molecular identification of the oral thrush fungi isolated from immunocompromised patients at the clinical haematology unit, internal medicine department, Mansoura University, Egypt. Microbes Infect. Dis. 0, 0\u20130 (2025).","journal-title":"Microbes Infect. Dis."},{"key":"40233_CR52","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard\u2014Fourth Edition (CLSI Document M27 4th edn (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2017)."},{"key":"40233_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.3390\/life14060693","volume":"14","author":"L Hleba","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hleba, L., Hlebov\u00e1, M. & Charousov\u00e1, I. In vitro evaluation of synergistic essential oils combination for enhanced antifungal activity against Candida spp. Life 14, 693 (2024).","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"40233_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.4.1593-1596.2005","volume":"49","author":"E Cant\u00f3n","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cant\u00f3n, E., Pem\u00e1n, J., Gobernado, M., Viudes, A. & Espinel-Ingroff, A. Synergistic activities of fluconazole and voriconazole with terbinafine against four Candida species determined by Checkerboard, Time-Kill, and etest methods. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 1593\u20131596 (2005).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"40233_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1298216","volume":"78","author":"Sandy van Vuuren & Alvaro Viljoen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sandy van Vuuren & Alvaro Viljoen. Plant-Based antimicrobial Studies \u2013 Methods and approaches to study the interaction between natural products. Planta Med. 78, 302\u2013302 (2012).","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"40233_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/cmm.7.1.6246","author":"F Bongomin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bongomin, F. & Adetona Fayemiwo, S. Epidemiology of fungal diseases in africa: A review of diagnostic drivers. Curr. Med. Mycol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/cmm.7.1.6246 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"40233_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8999","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27248999","volume":"27","author":"P Bolouri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bolouri, P. et al. Applications of essential oils and plant extracts in different industries. Molecules 27, 8999 (2022).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"40233_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FRANCISCONI, R. S. et al. Antibiofilm efficacy of tea tree oil and of its main component terpinen-4-ol against Candida albicans. Braz Oral Res 34, (2020).","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0050"},{"key":"40233_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6934","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28196934","volume":"28","author":"V Tadi\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tadi\u0107, V. et al. Chemical composition and Anti-Candida activity of mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Essential oils obtained by different distillation processes. Molecules 28, 6934 (2023).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"40233_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brahmi, F. et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of mentha subtomentella: in sight in vitro and in Silico analysis. Front Chem 11, 1341704 (2024).","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2023.1341704"},{"key":"40233_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00709-022-01799-2","volume":"260","author":"H Fazal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fazal, H. et al. Nutritionally rich biochemical profile in essential oil of various mentha species and their antimicrobial activities. Protoplasma 260, 557\u2013570 (2023).","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"40233_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8100679","volume":"8","author":"N Mehwish","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehwish, N., Xu, M., Zaeem, M. & Lee, B. H. Mussel-Inspired surface functionalization of porous albumin cryogels supporting synergistic Antibacterial\/Antioxidant activity and Bone-Like apatite formation. Gels 8, 679 (2022).","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"40233_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30127","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA05186F","volume":"14","author":"YA Aggour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aggour, Y. A., Kenawy, E. R., Magdy, M. & Elbayoumy, E. Establishing a productive heterogeneous catalyst based on silver nanoparticles supported on a crosslinked vinyl polymer for the reduction of nitrophenol. RSC Adv. 14, 30127\u201330139 (2024).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"40233_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-82183-3","volume":"15","author":"E Elbayoumy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Elbayoumy, E., El-Bindary, A. A., Nakano, T. & Aboelnga, M. M. Silver nanoparticles immobilized on crosslinked vinyl polymer for catalytic reduction of nitrophenol: experimental and computational studies. Sci. Rep. 15, 717 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"40233_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3390\/catal11010137","volume":"11","author":"E Elbayoumy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elbayoumy, E. et al. Pd Nanoparticles-Loaded vinyl polymer gels: Preparation, structure and catalysis. Catalysts 11, 137 (2021).","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"40233_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13470","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA16469E","volume":"5","author":"H Luo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luo, H. et al. Facile synthesis of novel size-controlled antibacterial hybrid spheres using silver nanoparticles loaded with poly-dopamine spheres. RSC Adv. 5, 13470\u201313477 (2015).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"40233_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127161","volume":"253","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Li, L. & Hu, J. Development of biobased multifunctional films incorporated with essential oils@polydopamine nanocapsules for food preservation applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 253, 127161 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"40233_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15030542","volume":"15","author":"MA Rahman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahman, M. A. et al. Fabrication of sustained release Curcumin-Loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (Cur-SLNs) as a potential drug delivery system for the treatment of lung cancer: optimization of formulation and in vitro biological evaluation. Polym. (Basel). 15, 542 (2023).","journal-title":"Polym. (Basel)"},{"key":"40233_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40694-023-00151-4","volume":"10","author":"ESM El-Morsy","year":"2023","unstructured":"El-Morsy, E. S. M., Elmalahy, Y. S. & Mousa, M. M. A. Biocontrol of fusarium equiseti using Chitosan nanoparticles combined with trichoderma longibrachiatum and penicillium polonicum. Fungal Biol. Biotechnol. 10, 5 (2023).","journal-title":"Fungal Biol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"40233_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.056","volume":"105","author":"SHS Dananjaya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dananjaya, S. H. S. et al. Comparative study on antifungal activities of Chitosan nanoparticles and Chitosan silver nano composites against fusarium oxysporum species complex. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 105, 478\u2013488 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"40233_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3923\/rjphyto.2011.115.122","volume":"5","author":"AAA El-Mageed","year":"2011","unstructured":"El-Mageed, A. A. A., Osman, A. K., Tawfik, A. Q. & Mohammed, H. A. Chemical composition of the essential oils of four Eucalyptus species (Myrtaceae) from Egypt. Res. J. Phytochemistry. 5, 115\u2013122 (2011).","journal-title":"Res. J. Phytochemistry"},{"key":"40233_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1097987","volume":"26","author":"D Low","year":"1974","unstructured":"Low, D., Rawal, B., Griffin, W., ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION OF & THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF SOME AUSTRALIAN MYRTACEAE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE ACTIVITY OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTIONS OF OIL OF EUCALYPTUS CITRIODORA. Planta Med. 26, 184\u2013189 (1974).","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"40233_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.03.002","volume":"48","author":"A Wannes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wannes, A. Antioxidant activities of the essential oils and methanol extracts from Myrtle (Myrtus communis var. Italica L.) leaf, stem and flower. Food Chem. Toxicol. 48, 1362\u20131370 (2010).","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"40233_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Petrovi\u0107, J., Stojkovi\u0107, D. & Sokovi\u0107, M. Terpene core in selected aromatic and edible plants: natural health improving agents. in 423\u2013451 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.afnr.2019.02.009","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2019.02.009"},{"key":"40233_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6300","DOI":"10.1021\/jf070094x","volume":"55","author":"M Cristani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cristani, M. et al. Interaction of four monoterpenes contained in essential oils with model membranes: implications for their antibacterial activity. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55, 6300\u20136308 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"40233_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyldgaard, M., Mygind, T. & Meyer, R. L. Essential oils in food preservation: mode of Action, Synergies, and interactions with food matrix components. Front Microbiol 3, (2012).","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00012"},{"key":"40233_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.04.021","volume":"107","author":"A Sharifzadeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharifzadeh, A., Khosravi, A. R., Shokri, H. & Tari, P. S. Synergistic anticandidal activity of menthol in combination with Itraconazole and Nystatin against clinical Candida glabrata and Candida Krusei isolates. Microb. Pathog. 107, 390\u2013396 (2017).","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog"},{"key":"40233_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ball, V. Polydopamine nanomaterials: recent advances in synthesis methods and applications. Front Bioeng. Biotechnol 6, (2018).","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2018.00109"},{"key":"40233_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2011.03.003","volume":"44","author":"F Dons\u00ec","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dons\u00ec, F., Annunziata, M., Sessa, M. & Ferrari, G. Nanoencapsulation of essential oils to enhance their antimicrobial activity in foods. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 44, 1908\u20131914 (2011).","journal-title":"LWT - Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"40233_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2024.108544","volume":"194","author":"D Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, D. et al. Preparation of polydopamine methacrylamide lavender nanocapsules and study of their washing resistance properties. Prog Org. Coat. 194, 108544 (2024).","journal-title":"Prog Org. Coat."},{"key":"40233_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gonzalez, M., de Groot, P. W. J., Klis, F. M. & Lipke, P. N. Glycoconjugate structure and function in fungal cell walls. in Microbial Glycobiology 169\u2013183Elsevier, (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-374546-0.00010-9","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374546-0.00010-9"},{"key":"40233_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2016.05.013","volume":"130","author":"M Rautenbach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rautenbach, M., Troskie, A. M. & Vosloo, J. A. Antifungal peptides: to be or not to be membrane active. Biochimie 130, 132\u2013145 (2016).","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"40233_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mady, O. Y., Donia, A. M. & Al-Madboly, L. A. Miconazole-Urea in a buccal film as a new trend for treatment of resistant mouth fungal white patches. Front Microbiol 9, 837 (2018).","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00837"},{"key":"40233_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14327","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2332326100","volume":"100","author":"AJ Phillips","year":"2003","unstructured":"Phillips, A. J., Sudbery, I. & Ramsdale, M. Apoptosis induced by environmental stresses and amphotericin B in Candida albicans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100, 14327\u201314332 (2003).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-40233-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-40233-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-40233-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:53:45Z","timestamp":1781639625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-40233-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["40233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-40233-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8955"}}