{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:59:55Z","timestamp":1774533595454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-40518-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T11:35:08Z","timestamp":1771673708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improved long-term prognosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: retrospective analysis of 87 patients after biologic therapy introduction in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuga","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nami","family":"Masumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Takaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaho","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Terada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hinako","family":"Masumitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Miyasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Muraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Tsurikisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"40518_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199901000-00003","volume":"78","author":"L Guillevin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Guillevin, L. et al. Churg-Strauss syndrome: Clinical study and long-term follow-up of 96 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 78, 26\u201337 (1999).","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"40518_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102737","volume":"20","author":"M Akiyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akiyama, M., Kaneko, Y. & Takeuchi, T. Rituximab for the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A systematic literature review. Autoimmun. Rev. 20 (2), 102737 (2021).","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"40518_CR3","first-page":"1556","volume":"5","author":"F Moosig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moosig, F. et al. Rituximab as induction therapy in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis refractory to conventional immunosuppressive treatment: A 36-month follow-up analysis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract. 5 (5), 1556\u20131563e3 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"40518_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206095","volume":"75","author":"AJ Mohammad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohammad, A. J. et al. Rituximab for the treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss). Ann. Rheum. Dis. 75, 396\u2013401 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"40518_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61714-0","volume":"92","author":"N Tsurikisawa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsurikisawa, N. et al. Treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 92, 80\u201387 (2004).","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"40518_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23198","volume":"58","author":"C Ribi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ribi, C. et al. Treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome without poor-prognosis factors: A multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label study of seventy-two patients. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 586\u2013594 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"3","key":"40518_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7618-y","volume":"262","author":"H Koike","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koike, H., Akiyama, K., Saito, T., Sobue, G., Research Group for IVIg for EGPA\/CSS in Japan. Intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic residual peripheral neuropathy in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome): A multicenter, double-blind trial. J. Neurol. 262(3), 752\u20139 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"40518_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000873","volume":"34","author":"JA Ford","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ford, J. A., Aleatany, Y. & Gewurz-Singer, O. Therapeutic advances in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 34, 158\u201364 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"40518_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000875","volume":"23","author":"M Caminati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Caminati, M., Maule, M., Bello, F. & Emmi, G. Biologics for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 23 (1), 36\u201343 (2023).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"Suppl 124(2","key":"40518_CR10","first-page":"214","volume":"38","author":"F Basta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Basta, F. et al. Omalizumab in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: friend or foe? A systematic literature review. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 38 (Suppl 124(2), 214\u2013220 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"40518_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1159\/000514505","volume":"182","author":"N Tsurikisawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsurikisawa, N. et al. Clinical features of patients with active eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis successfully treated with mepolizumab. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 182(8), 744\u2013756 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"issue":"20","key":"40518_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702079","volume":"18","author":"ME Wechsler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wechsler, M. E. et al. Mepolizumab or Placebo for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. N Engl. J. Med. 18 (20), 1921\u20131932 (2017).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"40518_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-023-00801-7","volume":"19","author":"N Masumoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Masumoto, N. et al. Long-term mepolizumab treatment reduces relapse rates in super-responders with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol. 19 (1), 40 (2023).","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"40518_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39472","volume":"68","author":"E Crickx","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crickx, E. et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin as an immunomodulating agent in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides: A French Nationwide Study of Ninety-Two Patients. Arthritis & Rheumatology 68(3), 702\u201312 (2016).","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"key":"40518_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37721","volume":"65","author":"C Comarmond","year":"2013","unstructured":"Comarmond, C. et al. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): Clinical characteristics and long-term followup of the 383 patients enrolled in the French Vasculitis Study Group cohort. Arthritis Rheum. 65, 270\u201381 (2013).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"40518_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1279826","volume":"32","author":"B Dunogu\u00e9","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dunogu\u00e9, B., Pagnoux, C. & Guillevin, L. Churg-Strauss syndrome: Clinical symptoms, complementary investigations, prognosis and outcome, and treatment. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 32, 298\u2013309 (2011).","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"40518_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2311155","volume":"390","author":"ME Wechsler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wechsler, M. E. et al. Benralizumab versus mepolizumab for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 390, 911\u2013921 (2024).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"40518_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224756","volume":"82","author":"B Molina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Molina, B. et al. Dupilumab for relapsing or refractory sinonasal and\/or asthma manifestations in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A European retrospective study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 82, 1587\u201393 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"40518_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223764","volume":"83","author":"B Hellmich","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hellmich, B. et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 83 (1), 30\u201347 (2024).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"40518_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2020.104036","volume":"49","author":"L Raffray","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raffray, L. & Guillevin, L. Updates for the treatment of EGPA. Presse Med. 49(3), 104036 (2020).","journal-title":"Presse Med."},{"key":"40518_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00958-w","volume":"19","author":"G Emmi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Emmi, G. et al. Evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 19, 378\u2013393 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"40518_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.43146","author":"ME Wechsler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wechsler, M. E. et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of mepolizumab in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.43146 (2025).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"40518_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15040544","volume":"15","author":"M Shiomi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shiomi, M. et al. Comparative insights on IL-5 targeting with mepolizumab and benralizumab: Enhancing EGPA treatment strategies. Biomolecules 15, 544 (2025).","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"40518_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2025.103398","volume":"153","author":"I Mattioli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mattioli, I. et al. Mepolizumab versus benralizumab for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA): A European real-life retrospective comparative study. J. Autoimmun. 153, 103398 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"40518_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.11.004","volume":"134","author":"SK Mathur","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mathur, S. K. et al. Real-world mepolizumab treatment in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis reduces disease burden in the United States. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 134, 341-350.e2 (2025).","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"40518_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330806","volume":"33","author":"AT Masi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Masi, A. T. et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Arthritis Rheum 33, 1094\u2013100 (1990).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"40518_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-013-9898-x","volume":"33","author":"N Tsurikisawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsurikisawa, N., Saito, H., Oshikata, C., Tsuburai, T. & Akiyama, K. Decreases in the numbers of peripheral blood regulatory T cells, and increases in the levels of memory and activated B cells, in patients with active eosinophilic granulomatosis and polyangiitis. J. Clin. Immunol. 33(5), 965\u2013976 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"40518_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e318205a4c6","volume":"90","author":"L Guillevin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guillevin, L. et al. The five-factor score revisited. Assessment of prognosis of systemic necrotizing vasculitides based on the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) cohort. Medicine 90, 19\u201327 (2011).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"40518_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201531","volume":"6","author":"F Moosig","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moosig, F. et al. A vasculitis centre-based management strategy leads to improved outcome in eosinophilic granulomatosis and polyangiitis (Churg\u2013Strauss, EGPA): monocentric experiences in 150 patients. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 6 (6), 1011\u20131017 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"40518_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23912","volume":"7","author":"R Solans-Laqu\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Solans-Laqu\u00e9, R. et al. Comparison of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score and the Five\u2010Factor Score to Assess Survival in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody\u2013Associated Vasculitis: A Study of 550 Patients From Spain (REVAS Registry). Arthritis Care Res. 7 (7), 1001\u20131010 (2020).","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"40518_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.161436","volume":"8","author":"N Tsurikisawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsurikisawa, N., Oshikata, C., Kinoshita, A., Tsuburai, T. & Saito, H. Longterm prognosis of 121 patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in Japan. J. Rheumatol. 8(8), 1206\u20131215 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"40518_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1457202","volume":"15","author":"M Shiomi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shiomi, M. et al. Long-term efficacy of mepolizumab in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A propensity score matching analysis in the multicenter REVEAL cohort study. Front Immunol 15, 1457202 (2024).","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"40518_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/road109","volume":"34","author":"T Ishii","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ishii, T. et al. Real-world safety and effectiveness of mepolizumab for patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in Japan: A 48-week interim analysis of the MARS study. Mod. Rheumatol. 34, 978\u2013987 (2024).","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"40518_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.R-07-141","volume":"56","author":"S Ozaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozaki, S. ANCA-associated vasculitis: Diagnostic therapeutic strategy. Allergol. Int. 56(2), 87\u201396 (2007).","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"40518_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41982","volume":"74","author":"PC Grayson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grayson, P. C. et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology\/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 74, 386\u2013392 (2022).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"40518_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.9.1342","volume":"67","author":"CT Wadsworth","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wadsworth, C. T., Krishnan, R., Sear, M., Harrold, J. & Nielsen, D. H. Intrarater reliability of manual muscle testing and hand-held dynametric muscle testing. Phys. Ther. 67(9), 1342\u20137 (1987).","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"40518_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rti.0000155268.00125.de","volume":"20","author":"CI Silva","year":"2005","unstructured":"Silva, C. I. et al. Churg-Strauss syndrome: High resolution CT and pathologic findings. J. Thorac. Imaging 20, 74\u201380 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Imaging"},{"key":"40518_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1309\/F3FW-J8EB-X913-G1RJ","volume":"114","author":"AL Katzenstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Katzenstein, A. L. Diagnostic features and differential diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome in the lung. A review. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 114, 767\u201372 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"40518_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-6205(02)00136-X","volume":"13","author":"O Lesens","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lesens, O. et al. Severe Churg-Strauss syndrome with mediastinal lymphadenopathy treated with interferon therapy. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 13, 458\u2013462 (2002).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"40518_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2016.31.1.179","volume":"31","author":"JY Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi, J. Y. et al. Churg-Strauss syndrome that presented with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and calculous cholecystitis. Korean J. Intern. Med. 31, 179\u2013183 (2016).","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"40518_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.170.2.9456932","volume":"170","author":"SA Worthy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Worthy, S. A., M\u00fcller, N. L., Hansell, D. M. & Flower, C. D. Churg-Strauss syndrome: The spectrum of pulmonary CT findings in 17 patients. Am. J. Roentgenol. 170, 297\u2013300 (1998).","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"40518_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-010-1617-8","volume":"38","author":"Y Horiguchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Horiguchi, Y., Morita, Y., Tsurikisawa, N. & Akiyama, K. 123I-MIBG imaging detects cardiac involvement and predicts cardiac events in Churg-Strauss syndrome. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 38, 211\u20139 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"40518_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-015-0138-4","volume":"16","author":"N Tsurikisawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsurikisawa, N. et al. Th17 cells reflect colon submucosal pathologic changes in active eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. BMC Immunol. 16, 75\u201386 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"key":"40518_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199601000-00003","volume":"75","author":"L Guillevin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guillevin, L. et al. Prognostic factors in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: A prospective study in 342 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 75, 17\u201328 (1996).","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"40518_CR45","first-page":"671","volume":"87","author":"RA Luqmani","year":"1994","unstructured":"Luqmani, R. A. et al. Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) in systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Q. J. Med. 87, 671\u2013678 (1994).","journal-title":"Q. J. Med."},{"key":"40518_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.10.015","volume":"11","author":"WW Busse","year":"2023","unstructured":"Busse, W. W., Castro, M. & Casale, T. B. Asthma management in adults. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 11, 21\u201333 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"40518_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mrcr\/rxaf008","volume":"9","author":"T Yukishima","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yukishima, T. et al. Successful switching treatment of mepolizumab for refractory eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and multiple organ dysfunction under benralizumab treatment: A case report. Mod. Rheumatol. Case Rep. 9(2), rxaf008 (2025).","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol. Case Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"40518_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100551","volume":"4","author":"SI Ohmura","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ohmura, S. I., Yonezawa, H. & Ohkubo, Y. Potential masking of new-onset or relapsed eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis during benralizumab treatment: A case series. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Glob. 4(4), 100551 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Glob."},{"issue":"2","key":"40518_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400222","volume":"40","author":"AR Exley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Exley, A. R. et al. Development and initial validation of the vasculitis damage index for the standardized clinical assessment of damage in the systemic vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 40(2), 371\u201380 (1997).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"6","key":"40518_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/90.6.391","volume":"90","author":"A Exley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Exley, A. Damage occurs early in systemic vasculitis and is an index of outcome. QJM 90 (6), 391\u2013399 (1997).","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"9","key":"40518_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.08.002","volume":"13","author":"M Samson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Samson, M. et al. Mononeuritis multiplex predicts the need for immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs for EGPA, PAN and MPA patients without poor-prognosis factors. Autoimmun. Rev. 13(9), 945\u201353 (2014).","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-40518-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-40518-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-40518-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:04:39Z","timestamp":1774530279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-40518-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["40518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-40518-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of our hospital approved the study, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients or their legal representatives. Human Subject Protection Committee approvals at Hiratsuka City Hospital (30\u2009\u2212\u2009013) and the National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center (2022-06) were obtained for the retrospective review of existing medical records.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients or their legal representatives.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"10076"}}