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Group (1) included 25 normotensive females serving as the controls. Groups (2) and (3) consisted of 50 controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive patients who received BBs, respectively. Groups (4) and (5) consisted of 50 patients with controlled and uncontrolled HTN who received ACIs\/ARBs, respectively. Each group consisted of patients who received one tablet daily of ramipril 2.5\u00a0mg for one month, while the other half received one tablet daily of valsartan (VAL) 80\u00a0mg for the same duration. After one month, the subjects were transitioned to a daily regimen of one tablet of ramipril 2.5\u00a0mg combined with hydrochlorothiazide 12.5\u00a0mg, as well as one tablet of VAL 80\u00a0mg with hydrochlorothiazide 12.5\u00a0mg for two months, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive patients receiving ACEIs\/ARBs, as well as controlled hypertensive patients receiving BBs, demonstrated a significant decrease in serum total testosterone and free testosterone levels, accompanied by a significant increase in estradiol after 3 months. Furthermore, controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive patients receiving ACEI\/ARBs showed significant increases in all female sexual function (FSF) domains and total FSF scores after 3 months. Consistently, controlled hypertensive patients receiving BBs showed significant improvements across all domains of the validated Arabic version of the female sexual function index (ArFSFI) and the total score, comparable to the ACEI\/ARB groups, except for pain. Conversely, uncontrolled hypertensive patients receiving BBs demonstrated significant increases in scores for desire and arousal and orgasm and satisfaction after 3 months. After three months, there was a significant reduction in the GAD-7 scores among all hypertensive patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACEIs\/ARBs demonstrated a favorable effect on FSF. Future large-scale cohort studies are warranted to validate these findings as this study was a single center and of small sample size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-40790-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T18:50:54Z","timestamp":1773773454000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sexual function among controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive females receiving beta-blockers or ACEI\/ARB and thiazides: a prospective randomized controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1918-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameh Fayek","family":"GamalEl Din","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Elyamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina Talaat","family":"Bushra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Fawzy","family":"Ghaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Wael","family":"Ragab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Fathy","family":"Aboseif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"40790_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58050637","volume":"58","author":"Q Zhong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhong, Q. & Anderson, Y. 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