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In Iran\u2014a region at risk for arbovirus emergence due to invasive\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    mosquitoes\u2014 we investigated the natural occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections. Screening of field-collected and laboratory-reared mosquitoes revealed the presence of two\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains:\n                    <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\n                    AlbB in\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\n                    Pip in\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Notably, detection of\n                    <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\n                    Pip in the wild\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    represents a potential first report globally, as this species has been historically considered uninfected in natural populations.\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence was significantly higher in laboratory-reared mosquitoes and\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Multivariable analysis confirmed that\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    had significantly lower odds of\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection compared to\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20090.12, 95% CI: 0.03\u20130.45,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002), and infection odds were also significantly lower in field-collected mosquitoes from Guilan (OR\u2009=\u20090.28), Mazandaran (OR\u2009=\u20090.05), and Hormozgan (OR\u2009=\u20090.14) provinces relative to insectary-reared specimens (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These findings provide critical baseline data for evaluating the feasibility of\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    -based interventions in Iran, where invasive\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations could facilitate arbovirus transmission. This study highlights the importance of characterizing native\n                    <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections to inform future biocontrol strategies against emerging mosquito-borne diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-40993-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T15:05:58Z","timestamp":1771686358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Natural infection of Aedes albopictus with the wAlbB strain and Ae. aegypti with the wPip strain of Wolbachia in Iran"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fateh","family":"Karimian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rahimy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemn","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Salehi-Vaziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbasali","family":"Raz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hassan","family":"Pouriayevali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eslam","family":"Moradi-Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naseh","family":"Maleki-Ravasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"40993_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2190-4715-23-23","volume":"23","author":"RP Keller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Keller, R. 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