{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:58:55Z","timestamp":1790272735187,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Although music has been shown to alleviate pain and anxiety during transrectal PBx, limited evidence is available regarding its impact in the transperineal (TP) setting. This study aimed to investigate the effect of music on pain perception during office-based TP PBx. This prospective, comparative, non-randomized study enrolled biopsy-na\u00efve patients undergoing TP PBx between March 2024 and March 2025. A total of 200 patients were equally assigned to the intervention group (listening to music during PBx) or the control group. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at six predefined timepoints (T0\u2013T5). A differential pain score (D-VAS) was calculated at each timepoint, using the VAS score at T0 as the baseline. Changes over time between the two groups were analyzed using independent t-tests and a linear mixed-effects model. An interaction term between music and timepoints was included to test whether the effect of music on pain perception varied across the different stages of the procedure. Compared with controls, D-VAS was significantly lower in the music group at the first core (T3,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.025), last core (T4,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and at discharge (T5,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No significant differences were observed during local anesthesia (T1-T2). The Mixed-effects model confirmed these findings and revealed that both pain perception and the relative analgesic effect of music varied accross different stages of the procedure. Listening to music was associated with lower pain perception during TP PBx, particularly during biopsy sampling phases, and resulted in lower pain levels at discharge.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-41323-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T23:14:19Z","timestamp":1776986059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of music on pain perception during office-based transperineal prostate biopsy: a prospective non-randomized study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Montrone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Finati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ricapito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Fanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Giannoccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Troiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Ciavotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugo Giovanni","family":"Falagario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Cormio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Maria","family":"Busetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Bettocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Selvaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Carrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"41323_CR1","unstructured":"Prostate Cancer - Uroweb. Accessed October 4. (2025). https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guidelines\/prostate-cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"41323_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12536","volume":"114","author":"JP Grummet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grummet, J. P. et al. Sepsis and superbugs: should we favour the transperineal over the transrectal approach for prostate biopsy? BJU Int. 114 (3), 384\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.12536 (2014).","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"41323_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2023.08.001","volume":"6","author":"A Uleri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uleri, A. et al. Is There an Impact of Transperineal Versus Transrectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging-targeted Biopsy in Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Detection Rate? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur. Urol. Oncol. 6 (6), 621\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euo.2023.08.001 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"41323_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2016.07.007","volume":"15","author":"P Pepe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pepe, P., Garufi, A., Priolo, G. & Pennisi, M. Transperineal Versus Transrectal MRI\/TRUS Fusion Targeted Biopsy: Detection Rate of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer. Clin. Genitourin. Cancer. 15 (1), e33\u2013e36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clgc.2016.07.007 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Genitourin. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"41323_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-019-1573-0","volume":"17","author":"J Xiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiang, J. et al. Transperineal versus transrectal prostate biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J. Surg. Oncol. 17 (1), 31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12957-019-1573-0 (2019).","journal-title":"World J. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"41323_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.06.033","volume":"200","author":"S Miah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miah, S. et al. Patient Reported Outcome Measures for Transperineal Template Prostate Mapping Biopsies in the PICTURE Study. J. Urol. 200 (6), 1235\u20131240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2018.06.033 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"8","key":"41323_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-023-01138-x","volume":"27","author":"FCS Frickmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frickmann, F. C. S. et al. The Effect of Perioperative Auditory Stimulation with Music on Procedural Pain: A Narrative Review. Curr. Pain Headache Rep. 27 (8), 217\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-023-01138-x (2023).","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"41323_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1093\/jmt\/thw012","volume":"53","author":"JH Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, J. H. The Effects of Music on Pain: A Meta-Analysis. J. Music Ther. 53 (4), 430\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmt\/thw012 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Music Ther."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"41323_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1159\/000517275","volume":"105","author":"JN Mumm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mumm, J. N. et al. Listening to Music during Outpatient Cystoscopy Reduces Pain and Anxiety and Increases Satisfaction: Results from a Prospective Randomized Study. Urol. Int. 105 (9\u201310), 792\u2013798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000517275 (2021).","journal-title":"Urol. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"41323_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1159\/000368420","volume":"94","author":"YH Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang, Y. H. et al. Listening to music during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy decreases anxiety, pain and dissatisfaction in patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Urol. Int. 94 (3), 337\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000368420 (2015).","journal-title":"Urol. Int."},{"key":"41323_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2340\/sju.v60.43106","volume":"60","author":"\u00c7 Co\u015fkun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Co\u015fkun, \u00c7., Cem Bulut, E., \u00c7etin, S., Ayd\u0131n, U. & K\u00fcpeli, B. The Impact of Listening to Music During MRI-Fusion Prostate Biopsy Procedures on Pain and Anxiety Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Scand. J. Urol. 60, 43\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/sju.v60.43106 (2025).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol."},{"issue":"12","key":"41323_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01132.x","volume":"8","author":"PE Bijur","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bijur, P. E., Silver, W. & Gallagher, E. J. Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad. Emerg. Med. Off J. Soc. Acad. Emerg. Med. 8 (12), 1153\u20131157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01132.x (2001).","journal-title":"Acad. Emerg. Med. Off J. Soc. Acad. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"41323_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1053\/ajem.2002.33778","volume":"20","author":"EJ Gallagher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gallagher, E. J., Bijur, P. E., Latimer, C. & Silver, W. Reliability and validity of a visual analog scale for acute abdominal pain in the ED. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 20 (4), 287\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/ajem.2002.33778 (2002).","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"41323_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1177\/09622802221085864","volume":"31","author":"Y Saigusa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saigusa, Y., Eguchi, S. & Komori, O. Generalized quasi-linear mixed-effects model. Stat. Methods Med. Res. 31 (7), 1280\u20131291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09622802221085864 (2022).","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"41323_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103311","volume":"22","author":"M Bagheri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bagheri, M., Abbasi, A., Kurdi, S., Moslemi, F. & Mottahedi, M. Music therapy and Benson relaxation in postoperative care: A randomized controlled trial on pain and kinesiophobia after lumbar discectomy. Explore (NY). 22 (2), 103311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.explore.2025.103311 (2025).","journal-title":"Explore (NY)"},{"issue":"3","key":"41323_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-020-00731-8","volume":"69","author":"F Kavak Akelma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kavak Akelma, F., Alt\u0131nsoy, S., Arslan, M. T. & Ergil, J. Effect of favorite music on postoperative anxiety and pain. Anaesthesist 69 (3), 198\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00101-020-00731-8 (2020).","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"issue":"28","key":"41323_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.59.6049","volume":"33","author":"JB Palmer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palmer, J. B., Lane, D., Mayo, D., Schluchter, M. & Leeming, R. Effects of Music Therapy on Anesthesia Requirements and Anxiety in Women Undergoing Ambulatory Breast Surgery for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Clin. Oncol. Off J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 33 (28), 3162\u20133168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2014.59.6049 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol. Off J. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"41323_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.09.037","volume":"79","author":"M Tsivian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsivian, M. et al. The effect of noise-cancelling headphones or music on pain perception and anxiety in men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy. Urology 79 (1), 32\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2011.09.037 (2012).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"41323_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baba, D. et al. Optimizing Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: A Prospective, Randomized Comparison of 12-core vs. 20-core Biopsy for Detection Accuracy and Upgrading Risk. J Urol. Surg Published online April. 21 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/jus.galenos.2025.2025-2-9 (2025).","DOI":"10.4274\/jus.galenos.2025.2025-2-9"},{"key":"41323_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2024.11.064","volume":"196","author":"E \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2025","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk, E. et al. The Effect of Listening to Music on Pain and Anxiety Scores During Office Based Transperineal Prostate Biopsy: A Prospective Study. Urology 196, 254\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2024.11.064 (2025).","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41323-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41323-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41323-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:37:53Z","timestamp":1781649473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41323-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["41323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-41323-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"13339"}}