{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:39:41Z","timestamp":1791689981706,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seed priming is a widely used pre-germination technique that enhances sprouting efficiency, synchrony, and the initial development of plantlets, particularly under suboptimal environmental conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different seed priming treatments on the germination, growth, and yield performance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) through a series of laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments conducted during the 2024 cropping season. The laboratory experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Treatments included potassium nitrate (5% w\/w), potassium chloride (1% w\/w), zinc sulfate (6% w\/w), gibberellic acid (30\u00a0mg.kg\u207b\u00b9), polyethylene glycol 6000 (10% v\/v), salicylic acid (200\u00a0mg. L\u207b\u00b9), humic acid (54\u00a0mg. L\u207b\u00b9), hydropriming (distilled water), and a non-primed control. The same treatments were evaluated in a greenhouse trial (CRD with four replications) and a field trial (randomized complete block design with three replications). The overall results of the first experiment showed that treatments of potassium chloride, hydropriming, potassium nitrate, and gibberellic acid had positive effects on the germination characteristics of quinoa seeds. The greenhouse experiment also clearly demonstrated the superiority of potassium chloride and gibberellic acid treatments. In the field experiment, salicylic acid and potassium chloride treatments led to the highest economic yield. Based on the combined results of the experiments in this study, priming quinoa seeds with potassium chloride and salicylic acid is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-41546-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:23:36Z","timestamp":1772162616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effect of seed priming on yield and germination properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3268-8351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parisa","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzad","family":"Hosseinpanahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"Siosemardeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Fazeli-Nasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"41546_CR1","unstructured":"Desa, U. The World Population Prospects: 2015 Revision (2015)."},{"key":"41546_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2019.110194","volume":"295","author":"F Zulfiqar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zulfiqar, F., Casades\u00fas, A., Brockman, H. & Munn\u00e9-Bosch, S. An overview of plant-based natural biostimulants for sustainable horticulture with a particular focus on moringa leaf extracts. Plant Sci. 295, 110194 (2020).","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-013-0195-0","volume":"34","author":"KB Ruiz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruiz, K. B. et al. Quinoa biodiversity and sustainability for food security under climate change. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 34, 349\u2013359 (2014).","journal-title":"Agron. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"41546_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/11263504.2015.1027317","volume":"150","author":"K Ruiz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruiz, K. et al. Quinoa\u2013a model crop for understanding salt-tolerance mechanisms in halophytes. Plant. Biosystems-An Int. J. Dealing all Aspects Plant. Biology. 150, 357\u2013371 (2016).","journal-title":"Plant. Biosystems-An Int. J. Dealing all Aspects Plant. Biology"},{"key":"41546_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00850","volume":"7","author":"D Bazile","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bazile, D. et al. Worldwide Evaluations of Quinoa: Preliminary Results from Post International Year of Quinoa FAO Projects in Nine Countries. Front. Plant. Sci. 7, 850 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Plant. Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109534","volume":"272","author":"A Asher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asher, A., Galili, S., Whitney, T. & Rubinovich, L. The potential of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) cultivation in Israel as a dual-purpose crop for grain production and livestock feed. Sci. Hort. 272, 109534 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Hort."},{"key":"41546_CR7","unstructured":"FAO. Crops and livestock products, (2023). https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/QCL."},{"key":"41546_CR8","unstructured":"Quinoa-Production-by-Country. World Population Review, (2026). Available online: https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/country-rankings\/quinoa-production-by-country"},{"key":"41546_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.52547\/abj.22.4.376","volume":"22","author":"M Bagheri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bagheri, M. et al. Assessment of adaptability and seed yield stability of selected quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes in spring cropping systems in cold and temperate regions of Iran. Iran. Soc. Crops Plant. Breed. Sci. 22, 376\u2013387 (2021).","journal-title":"Iran. Soc. Crops Plant. Breed. Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR10","first-page":"923","volume":"12","author":"M Salehi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salehi, M., Soltani, V. & Dehghani, F. Effect of sowing date on phenologic stages and yield of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under saline condition. Environ. stresses crop Sci. 12, 923\u2013932 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. stresses crop Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR11","unstructured":"Sepahvand, N. A. in International Quinoa Conference 2016: Quinoa for Future Food and Nutrition Security in Marginal Environments Dubai, 6\u20138 December 2016."},{"key":"41546_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.132678","volume":"291","author":"SA Javed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Javed, S. A. et al. Interactive effect of different salinity sources and their formulations on plant growth, ionic homeostasis and seed quality of maize. Chemosphere 291, 132678 (2022).","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"41546_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-9016-2015-0007","volume":"72","author":"J Marcos Filho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marcos Filho, J. Seed vigor testing: an overview of the past, present and future perspective. Scientia agricola. 72, 363\u2013374 (2015).","journal-title":"Scientia agricola"},{"key":"41546_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12102904","volume":"12","author":"MM Al-Qabba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Qabba, M. M. et al. Phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and ameliorating efficacy of chenopodium quinoa sprouts against CCl4-induced oxidative stress in rats. Nutrients 12, 2904 (2020).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"41546_CR15","first-page":"49","volume":"12","author":"F Nadali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nadali, F., Asghari, H., Dorostkar, V. & Bagheri, M. Physiological Responses of Quinoa Varieties (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) to Hydropriming and Drought Stress. Isfahan Univ. Technology-Journal Crop Prod. Process. 12, 49\u201362 (2022).","journal-title":"Isfahan Univ. Technology-Journal Crop Prod. Process."},{"key":"41546_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13101330","volume":"13","author":"A Nazih","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nazih, A. et al. Effect of gibberellic acid and mechanical scarification on the germination and seedling stages of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. under salt stress. Plants 13, 1330 (2024).","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"41546_CR17","first-page":"1669","volume":"50","author":"I Daur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daur, I. Effects of hydro and hormonal priming on quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) seed germination under salt and drought stress. Pak J. Bot. 50, 1669\u20131673 (2018).","journal-title":"Pak J. Bot."},{"key":"41546_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.29252\/yujs.5.1.147","volume":"5","author":"A Mansouri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mansouri, A. & Omidi, H. Effect of Chitosan Nano Particle and Potassium Nitrate on Germination and Some Morpho-physiological Characteristics of Seedlings of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Iran. J. Seed Res. 5, 147\u2013159 (2018).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Seed Res."},{"key":"41546_CR19","first-page":"529","volume":"15","author":"S Gholami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gholami, S., Rostami, T., Ahmadi, K. & Bagheri, M. The effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid on germination characteristics of two genotypes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) under salinity stress. Environ. Stresses Crop Sci. 15, 529\u2013539 (2022).","journal-title":"Environ. Stresses Crop Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR20","first-page":"243","volume":"11","author":"A Mansouri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mansouri, A. & Omidi, H. Effect of priming and seed age on germination, photosynthetic pigments, and biochemical content of Quinoa seedling. Plant. Process. Function. 11, 243\u2013260 (2022).","journal-title":"Plant. Process. Function"},{"key":"41546_CR21","first-page":"3659","volume":"11","author":"S Dashab","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dashab, S. & Omidi, H. Effects of hydro-and bio-priming on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seedlings under drought stress. Iran. J. Plant. Physiol. 11, 3659\u20133682 (2021).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Plant. Physiol."},{"key":"41546_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83434-3","volume":"11","author":"LG Ali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ali, L. G., Nulit, R., Ibrahim, M. H. & Yien, C. Y. S. Efficacy of KNO3, SiO2 and SA priming for improving emergence, seedling growth and antioxidant enzymes of rice (Oryza sativa), under drought. Sci. Rep. 11, 3864 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"41546_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-015-0076-4","volume":"78","author":"VP Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh, V. P. et al. Role of salicylic acid-seed priming in the regulation of chromium (VI) and UV-B toxicity in maize seedlings. Plant. Growth Regul. 78, 79\u201391 (2016).","journal-title":"Plant. Growth Regul."},{"key":"41546_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/15228860903584523","volume":"11","author":"H Eisvand","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eisvand, H., Alizadeh, M. & Fekri, A. How hormonal priming of aged and nonaged seeds of bromegrass affects seedling physiological characters. J. New. Seeds. 11, 52\u201364 (2010).","journal-title":"J. New. Seeds"},{"key":"41546_CR25","first-page":"1495","volume":"43","author":"MB Khan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khan, M. B., Gurchani, M. A., Hussain, M., Freed, S. & Mahmood, K. Wheat seed enhancement by vitamin and hormonal priming. Pak. J. Bot. 43, 1495\u20131499 (2011).","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"41546_CR26","first-page":"243","volume":"7","author":"MH Shariatmadari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shariatmadari, M. H., Parsa, M., Nezami, A. & Kafi, M. Effect of hydropriming on germination and growth indices in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under drought stress in laboratory and glasshouse condition. Iran. J. Seed Sci. Technol. 7, 243\u2013256 (2018).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Seed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"41546_CR27","first-page":"373","volume":"18","author":"K Kazemi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kazemi, K., Khajehosseini, M., Nezami, A. & Eskandari, H. The Effect of seed priming on germination, yield and the quality of sesame grains under deficit irrigation. J. Crops Improv. 18, 373\u2013388 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Crops Improv."},{"key":"41546_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aveling, T. A. S. in Global Perspectives on the Health of Seeds and Plant Propagation Material (eds Maria Lodovica Gullino & Gary Munkvold) 17\u201328 (Springer Netherlands, 2014).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9389-6_2"},{"key":"41546_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture9090201","volume":"9","author":"CA Damalas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Damalas, C. A., Koutroubas, S. D. & Fotiadis, S. Hydro-priming effects on seed germination and field performance of faba bean in spring sowing. Agriculture 9, 201 (2019).","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"41546_CR30","first-page":"59","volume":"11","author":"LJ Liu Jie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Liu Jie, L. J., Liu GongShe, L. G., Qi DongMei, Q. D., Li FangFang, L. F. & Wang EnHua, W. E. Effect of PEG on germination and active oxygen metabolism in wildrye (Leymus chinensis) seeds. Acta Prataculturae Sinica. 11, 59\u201364 (2002).","journal-title":"Acta Prataculturae Sinica"},{"key":"41546_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.15258\/sst.2007.35.3.23","volume":"35","author":"R Farhoudi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Farhoudi, R., Sharifzadeh, F., Poustini, K. & Makkizadeh, M. Kochak Por, M. The effects of NaCl priming on salt tolerance in canola (Brassica napus) seedlings grown under saline conditions. Seed Sci. Technol. 35, 754\u2013759 (2007).","journal-title":"Seed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"41546_CR32","first-page":"85","volume":"24","author":"S Gholami","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gholami, S. & Dehaghi, M. A. The effect of priming with different concentrations of selenium on germination indices of quinoa seeds and seedlings. J. Crop Improvment. 24, 85\u201395 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Crop Improvment"},{"key":"41546_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.15258\/sst.2006.34.2.25","volume":"34","author":"M Farooq","year":"2006","unstructured":"Farooq, M., Basra, S., Afzal, I. & Khaliq, A. Optimization of hydropriming techniques for rice seed invigoration. Seed Sci. Technol. 34, 507\u2013512 (2006).","journal-title":"Seed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"41546_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2015.11.003","volume":"21","author":"A Savvides","year":"2016","unstructured":"Savvides, A., Ali, S., Tester, M. & Fotopoulos, V. Chemical priming of plants against multiple abiotic stresses: mission possible? Trends Plant Sci. 21, 329\u2013340 (2016).","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR35","first-page":"137","volume":"45","author":"A Debbarma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Debbarma, A., Devi, J. & Barua, M. Seed priming durations and concentrations influence on germination and seedling growth of bitter gourd. Vegetable Sci. 45, 137\u2013139 (2018).","journal-title":"Vegetable Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR36","first-page":"638","volume":"54","author":"E Gins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gins, E. Seed priming effects on seed quality and antioxidant system in the seedlings of Amaranthus tricolor L. Quinoa Improv. Sustain. Prod. 54, 638\u2013648 (2022).","journal-title":"Quinoa Improv. Sustain. Prod."},{"key":"41546_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/jac.12242","volume":"204","author":"C Moreno","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moreno, C., Seal, C. & Papenbrock, J. Seed priming improves germination in saline conditions for Chenopodium quinoa and Amaranthus caudatus. J. Agron. Crop. Sci. 204, 40\u201348 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Agron. Crop. Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.54910\/sabrao2022.54.3.17","volume":"54","author":"J Feng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feng, J., Gins, M. & Gins, V. Seed priming effects on morphological traits of Amaranthus hypochondriacus under optimal and low temperatures. SABRAO J. Breed. Genet. 54, 649\u2013658 (2022).","journal-title":"SABRAO J. Breed. Genet."},{"key":"41546_CR39","first-page":"1304","volume":"14","author":"F Naz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Naz, F. et al. Effect of NaCl stress on Pisum sativum germination and seedling growth with the influence of seed priming with potassium (KCL and KOH). American-Eurasian J. Agricultural Environ. Sci. 14, 1304\u20131311 (2014).","journal-title":"American-Eurasian J. Agricultural Environ. Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR40","first-page":"2156","volume":"7","author":"M Yagmur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yagmur, M. & Kaydan, D. Alleviation of osmotic stress of water and salt in germination and seedling growth of triticale with seed priming treatments. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7, 2156\u20132162 (2008).","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"41546_CR41","first-page":"61","volume":"9","author":"O Ansari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ansari, O., Azadi, M., Sharif-Zadeh, F. & Younesi, E. Effect of hormone priming on germination characteristics and enzyme activity of mountain rye (Secale montanum) seeds under drought stress conditions. J. Stress Physiol. Biochem. 9, 61\u201371 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Stress Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"41546_CR42","first-page":"125","volume":"10","author":"J Jalal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jalal, J., Razieh, K. & Edris, K. Improving of barley seedling growth by seed priming under water deficit stress. J. Stress Physiol. Biochem. 10, 125\u2013134 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Stress Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"41546_CR43","first-page":"715","volume":"43","author":"M Aboutalebian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aboutalebian, M. & rah chamandi ahmadvand, g. & jahedi, a. Effects of On-Farm Seed Priming and Sowing Date on Germination Properties and some Physiological Growth Indices of three Soybean Cultivars (Glycine max L.) in Hamedan. Iran. J. Field Crop Sci. 43, 715\u2013728 (2013).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Field Crop Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15644","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15644","volume":"11","author":"M Afrouz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Afrouz, M. et al. Seed bio-priming with beneficial Trichoderma harzianum alleviates cold stress in maize. PeerJ 11, e15644 (2023).","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"41546_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2024.103202","volume":"58","author":"M Hosseini-Moghaddam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hosseini-Moghaddam, M. et al. Seed coating with minerals and plant growth-promoting bacteria enhances drought tolerance in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L). Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol. 58, 103202 (2024).","journal-title":"Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol."},{"key":"41546_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.15835\/nbha4319832","volume":"43","author":"F Toklu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toklu, F. Effects of different priming treatments on seed germination properties, yield components and grain yield of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 43, 153\u2013158 (2015).","journal-title":"Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca"},{"key":"41546_CR47","first-page":"149","volume":"22","author":"H Abbas Dokht","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abbas Dokht, H. & Arefbeyki, M. The effects of hydropriming, planting depth and nitrogen split application on grain yield and it\u2019s components of 370 double cross hybrid corn in arid zone. J. Plant. Prod. Res. 22, 149\u2013172 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Plant. Prod. Res."},{"key":"41546_CR48","first-page":"105","volume":"8","author":"H Abbasdokht","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abbasdokht, H., Afshari, H., Owji, E. & Taheri, S. The effect of seed priming and different levels of nitrogen application on quantitative and qualitative yield of sunflower progress cultivar. crop Physiol. J. 8, 105\u2013120 (2016).","journal-title":"crop Physiol. J."},{"key":"41546_CR49","first-page":"1","volume":"25","author":"S Nazari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nazari, S., hossieni & Allahgholipour, M. The Effect of Seed Priming and Coating on Emergence Indices, Root Morphology and Phenological Stages of Two Rice Cultivars. J. Crops Improv. 25, 1\u201316 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Crops Improv."},{"key":"41546_CR50","first-page":"75","volume":"12","author":"A Hassanzadeh Ghorttepe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hassanzadeh Ghorttepe, A., Sharfi, S. & Abbasi Sadr, S. Effect of drought stress and seed priming on some vegetative and reproductive traits of castor bean (Ricinus communis l.) Var Esfahan. Sci. Res. J. Ecophysiology Crop Plants (Agricultural Sciences). 12, 75\u201388 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Res. J. Ecophysiology Crop Plants (Agricultural Sciences)"},{"key":"41546_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.17957\/IJAB\/17.3.14.283","volume":"17","author":"W Mahboob","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahboob, W. et al. Seed priming improves the performance of late sown spring maize (Zea mays) through better crop stand and physiological attributes. Int. J. Agric. Biology. 17, 491\u2013498 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Biology"},{"key":"41546_CR52","first-page":"145","volume":"39","author":"MA Aboutalebian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aboutalebian, M. A., Sharifzadeh, F., Jahansouz, M. R., Ahmadi, A. & Naghavi, M. R. The Effect of Seed Priming on Germination, Stand Establishment and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Cultivars in Three Different Climates of Iran. Iran. J. Field Crop Sci. 39, 145\u2013154 (2008).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Field Crop Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR53","first-page":"1510","volume":"38","author":"A Hassan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hassan, A., Hasnain, Z., Asadullah, M., Hussain, S. S. & Anees, M. A. Biological Response of Quinoa Plants to Various Nitrogen Levels and Priming Techniques. Sarhad J. Agric. 38, 1510\u20131518 (2022).","journal-title":"Sarhad J. Agric."},{"key":"41546_CR54","first-page":"777","volume":"70","author":"NK Roy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roy, N. K. & Srlvastava, A. K. Adverse effect of salt-stress conditions on chlorophyll content in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves and its amelioration through pre-soaking treatments. Indian J. Agricultural Sci. 70, 777\u2013778 (2000).","journal-title":"Indian J. Agricultural Sci."},{"key":"41546_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2005.0211a","volume":"97","author":"K Subedi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Subedi, K. & Ma, B. Seed priming does not improve corn yield in a humid temperate environment. Agron. J. 97, 211\u2013218 (2005).","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"41546_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2020.112850","volume":"156","author":"MN Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan, M. N. et al. Seed priming with gibberellic acid and melatonin in rapeseed: Consequences for improving yield and seed quality under drought and non-stress conditions. Ind. Crops Prod. 156, 112850 (2020).","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"41546_CR57","first-page":"50","volume":"5","author":"M Shaddad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shaddad, M., El-Samad, A., Mostafa, D. & H. & Role of gibberellic acid (GA3) in improving salt stress tolerance of two wheat cultivars. Int. J. Plant. Physiol. Biochem. 5, 50\u201357 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Plant. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"41546_CR58","first-page":"193","volume":"19","author":"K Babaei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Babaei, K., Tajbakhsh, M. & Siosemardeh, A. Effect of Priming and Sowing Date of Seed on Growth Indices of Plant and yield and Yield Components of seed of Maize Single Cross 260 (Fajr). Plant. Prod. Technol. 19, 193\u2013209 (2020).","journal-title":"Plant. Prod. Technol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41546-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41546-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41546-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T21:01:50Z","timestamp":1775250110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41546-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["41546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-41546-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"No human or animals were used in the present research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors read and approved the final manuscript for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Ethical issues (including plagiarism, data fabrication, double publication) have been completely observed by the authors. The authors have adhered to ethical standards, including avoiding plagiarism, data fabrication, and double publication.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical issues"}},{"value":"The authors declare not used any patients in this research.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"11332"}}