{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T21:49:01Z","timestamp":1784324941017,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRZZ-IPS-2023-02- 6614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRZZ-IPS-2023-02- 6614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRZZ-IPS-2023-02- 6614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRZZ-IPS-2023-02- 6614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRZZ-IPS-2023-02- 6614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRZZ-IPS-2023-02- 6614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KK.01.1.1.02.0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.02.0016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KK.01.1.1.02.0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KK.01.1.1.02.0016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The influence of\n                    <jats:italic>Thermomyces lanuginosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    on the chemical structure of biopolymers and lipids from hemp pomace during solid-state fermentation (SSF) was studied using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The samples of hemp pomace before, during and after SSF were used for the isolation of biopolymers (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose) and lipids, which were subsequently analyzed using solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. It was observed that SSF significantly alters the composition and quality of individual biopolymers. An increase in the carbonyl group content in lignin was noted. In lipid samples, a significant reduction in mono-, di-, and triglycerides occurred accompanied by an increase in glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids. SSF also notably impacted phosphorus-containing compounds in the hemp pomace. These results demonstrate that SSF enables targeted modification of key chemical components in hemp pomace. By altering the structure of lignin, breaking down complex lipids, and affecting phosphorus-containing compounds, SSF improves the chemical quality and functionality of the biomass. This highlights its potential as an effective method for upgrading agricultural residues into more valuable and versatile materials supporting sustainable biorefinery applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-41682-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T04:08:11Z","timestamp":1773374891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["NMR characterisation of biopolymers and lipids from hemp pomace treated with Thermomyces lanuginosus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jelena Parlov","family":"Vukovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomislav","family":"Jedna\u010dak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Predrag","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Bjedov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Ti\u0161ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"41682_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2024.07.029","volume":"188","author":"EA Cazier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cazier, E. A. et al. Exploring industrial lignocellulosic waste: Sources, types, and potential as high-value molecules. Waste Manag. 188, 11\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2024.07.029 (2024).","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"41682_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136815","volume":"402","author":"M Mujtaba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mujtaba, M. et al. Lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural waste to the circular economy: A review with focus on biofuels, biocomposites and bioplastics. J. Clean. Prod. 402, 136815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.136815 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"41682_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/recycling8040061","volume":"8","author":"A Blasi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Blasi, A., Verardi, A., Lopresto, C. G., Siciliano, S. & Sangiorgio, P. Lignocellulosic agricultural waste valorization to obtain valuable products: An overview. Recycling 8, 61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/recycling8040061 (2023).","journal-title":"Recycling"},{"key":"41682_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.15255\/CABEQ.2021.1931","volume":"35","author":"M Ti\u0161ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ti\u0161ma, M., Buci\u0107-Koji\u0107, A. & Planini\u0107, M. Bio-based products from lignocellulosic waste biomass: A state of the art. Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 35, 139\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15255\/CABEQ.2021.1931 (2021).","journal-title":"Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q."},{"key":"41682_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenrg.2021.646057","volume":"9","author":"JR Banu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banu, J. R. et al. Lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment for enhanced bioenergy recovery: Effect of lignocelluloses recalcitrance and enhancement strategies. Front. Energy Res. 9, 646057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fenrg.2021.646057 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Energy Res."},{"key":"41682_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15020496","volume":"15","author":"I Varga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Varga, I. et al. Industrial hemp Finola variety photosynthetic, morphometric, biomechanical, and yield responses to K fertilization across different growth stages. Agronomy 15, 496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agronomy15020496 (2025).","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"41682_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/seeds4010005","volume":"4","author":"A Mygdalia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mygdalia, A., Panoras, I., Vazanelli, E. & Tsaliki, E. Nutritional and industrial insights into hemp seed oil: A value-added product of Cannabis sativa L.. Seeds 4, 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/seeds4010005 (2025).","journal-title":"Seeds"},{"key":"41682_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture9070140","volume":"9","author":"H-J Gusovius","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gusovius, H.-J., L\u00fchr, C., Hoffmann, T., Pecenka, R. & Idler, C. An alternative to field retting: Fibrous materials based on wet preserved hemp for the manufacture of composites. Agriculture 9, 140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agriculture9070140 (2019).","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"41682_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.09.007","volume":"116","author":"P Otero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Otero, P. et al. Applications of by-products from the olive oil processing: Revalorization strategies based on target molecules and green extraction technologies. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 116, 1084\u20131104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.09.007 (2021).","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"41682_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2021.102669","volume":"69","author":"S Atencio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atencio, S. et al. Impact of processing on the functionalization of pumpkin pomace as a food texturizing ingredient. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 69, 10266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ifset.2021.102669 (2021).","journal-title":"Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol."},{"key":"41682_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15587\/2519-4852.2022.241249","volume":"39","author":"O Struk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Struk, O. et al. Research of biologically active substances of hemp seeds, hemp seed oil and hemp pomace. ScienceRise Pharm. Sci. 39, 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15587\/2519-4852.2022.241249 (2022).","journal-title":"ScienceRise Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"41682_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-90040-9.00032-1","volume-title":"Biofuels and Bioenergy, A Techno-Economic Approach","author":"UN Annal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Annal, U. N., Natarajan, A., Gurunathan, B. & Sahadevan, R. Chapter 16 - Lipid-derived biofuel: Production methodologies. In Biofuels and Bioenergy, A Techno-Economic Approach 409\u2013434 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-323-90040-9.00032-1."},{"key":"41682_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.0c04329","volume":"59","author":"D \u0160ibali\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u0160ibali\u0107, D. et al. Sustainable production of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus: Process optimization and enzyme characterization. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 59, 48 (2020).","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"41682_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr7070465","volume":"7","author":"M Ti\u0161ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ti\u0161ma, M. et al. Lipase production by solid-state cultivation of *Thermomyces lanuginosus* on by-products from cold-pressing oil production. Processes 7(7), 465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pr7070465 (2019).","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"41682_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochms.2024.100219","volume":"9","author":"J Parlov Vukovi\u0107","year":"2024","unstructured":"Parlov Vukovi\u0107, J. & Ti\u0161ma, M. The role of NMR spectroscopy in lignocellulosic biomass characterisation: A mini review. Food Chem. Mol. Sci. 9, 100219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fochms.2024.100219 (2024).","journal-title":"Food Chem. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"41682_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10112295","volume":"10","author":"A Zeko-Piva\u010d","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeko-Piva\u010d, A. et al. Improvement of the nutraceutical profile of brewer\u2019s spent grain after treatment with Trametes versicolor. Microorganisms 10, 2295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10112295 (2022).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"41682_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5562\/cca4176","author":"VJ Parlov","year":"2025","unstructured":"Parlov, V. J. et al. Solid state characterization of Croatian wine grape pomace by NMR and ATR-FTIR. Croat. Chem. Acta https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5562\/cca4176 (2025).","journal-title":"Croat. Chem. Acta"},{"key":"41682_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.114409","volume":"173","author":"NP Vidal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vidal, N. P., Rahimi, J., Kroetsch, B. & Martinez, M. M. Quality and chemical stability of long-term stored soy, canola, and sunflower cold-pressed cake lipids before and after thermomechanical processing: A 1H NMR study. LWT 173, 114409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lwt.2022.114409 (2023).","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"41682_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2024.132760","volume":"307","author":"A Petrovi\u010d","year":"2024","unstructured":"Petrovi\u010d, A. et al. Sustainable hydrothermal co-carbonization of residues from the vegetable oil industry and sewage sludge: Hydrochar production and liquid fraction valorisation. Energy 307, 13276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.energy.2024.132760 (2024).","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"41682_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7954-9","volume":"24","author":"S Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, S. et al. Using solid 13C NMR coupled with solution 31P NMR spectroscopy to investigate molecular species and lability of organic carbon and phosphorus from aquatic plants in Tai Lake, China. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24(2), 1880\u20131889 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"41682_CR21","unstructured":"Begovi\u0107, L. Anatomski, fiziolo\u0161ki i molekularni biljezi lignifikacije u razvoju stabljike jarog je\u010dma (Hordeum vulgare L.). (2013). Doktorski rad, Sveu\u010dili\u0161te u Osijeku, Osijek. https:\/\/mobi.unios.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/zavrseni_doktorati\/lidija_begovic.pdf"},{"key":"41682_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09114","volume":"8","author":"NNA Mohamad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohamad, N. N. A. & Jai, J. Response surface methodology for optimization of cellulose extraction from banana stem using NaOH-EDTA for pulp and papermaking. Heliyon 8, e09114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09114 (2022).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"41682_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2013.12.022","volume":"61","author":"HN Rabetafika","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rabetafika, H. N., Bchir, B., Blecker, C., Paquot, M. & Wathelet, B. Comparative study of alkaline extraction process of hemicelluloses from pear pomace. Biomass Bioenergy 61, 254\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biombioe.2013.12.022 (2014).","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"41682_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2022.104962","volume":"115","author":"JI Alonso-Esteban","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alonso-Esteban, J. I. et al. Fatty acids and minor functional compounds of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds and other Cannabaceae species. J. Food Compos. Anal. 115, 10496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfca.2022.104962 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"41682_CR25","volume":"31","author":"G Ampem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ampem, G., Le Gresley, A., Grootveld, M. & Naughton, D. P. High-resolution 1 H NMR analysis of continuous and discontinuous thermo-oxidative susceptibility of culinary oils during frying at 180 \u00b0C. J. Food Drug Anal. 31, 7 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"issue":"2","key":"41682_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2010082-1220","volume":"8","author":"M Kiralan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kiralan, M., G\u00fcl, V. & Kara, S. M. Fatty acid composition of hempseed oils from different locations in Turkey. Span. J. Agric. Res. 8(2), 385\u2013390 (2010).","journal-title":"Span. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"41682_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072339","volume":"27","author":"AH Banskota","year":"2022","unstructured":"Banskota, A. H., Jones, A., Hui, J. P. M. & Stefanova, R. Triacylglycerols and other lipids profiling of hemp by-products. Molecules 27, 2339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27072339 (2022).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"41682_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2004.11.002","volume":"86","author":"G Knothe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knothe, G. Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters. Fuel Process. Technol. 86, 1059\u20131070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fuproc.2004.11.002 (2005).","journal-title":"Fuel Process. Technol."},{"key":"41682_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2011.07.143","volume":"16","author":"SK Hoekman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoekman, S. K., Broch, A., Robbins, C., Ceniceros, E. & Natarajan, M. Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 16, 143\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rser.2011.07.143 (2012).","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"41682_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1002\/pi.6209","volume":"70","author":"S Goyal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goyal, S., Hern\u00e1ndez, N. B. & Cochran, E. W. An update on the future prospects of glycerol polymers. Polym. Int. 70, 911\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pi.6209 (2021).","journal-title":"Polym. Int."},{"key":"41682_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36127-3_5","volume-title":"Glycerol","author":"E Chiellini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chiellini, E., Cinelli, P., Imam, S. H. & Morelli, A. Glycerol-based polymers: from renewable resources to bio-based materials. In Glycerol 99\u2013134 (Springer, 2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-36127-3_5."},{"key":"41682_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4423","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.11.4423-4427.1998","volume":"64","author":"RM Berka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berka, R. M., Rey, M. W., Brown, K. M., Byun, T. & Klotz, A. V. Molecular characterization and expression of a phytase gene from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 4423\u20134427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.64.11.4423-4427.1998 (1998).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"41682_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16233442","volume":"16","author":"F Ciolacu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ciolacu, F., M\u0103lu\u021ban, T., Lisa, G. & Ichim, M. Influence of lignin type on the properties of hemp fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. Polymers 16, 3442 (2024).","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"3","key":"41682_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6471","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.16.3.Suota","volume":"16","author":"MJ Suota","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suota, M. J. et al. Lignin functionalization strategies and the potential applications of its derivatives \u2013 A review. BioResources 16(3), 6471\u20136511 (2021).","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"41682_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.125","volume":"187","author":"P J\u0119drzejczak","year":"2021","unstructured":"J\u0119drzejczak, P., Collins, M. N., Jesionowski, T. & Klapiszewski, \u0141. The role of lignin and lignin-based materials in sustainable construction\u2014A comprehensive review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 187, 624\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.125 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"41682_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103527","volume":"62","author":"R Kaur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaur, R. & Sharma, M. Cereal polysaccharides as sources of functional ingredient for reformulation of meat products: A review. J. Funct. Foods. 62, 103527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103527 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods."},{"key":"41682_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.110996","volume":"144","author":"M Faisal Qaseem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faisal Qaseem, M., Shaheen, H. & Wu, A.-M. Cell wall hemicellulose for sustainable industrial utilization. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 144, 110996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rser.2021.110996 (2021).","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41682-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41682-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41682-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T23:23:53Z","timestamp":1776986633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41682-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["41682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-41682-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13345"}}