{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:07:32Z","timestamp":1789787252145,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21K20756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K20756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["21K077478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K077478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP256f0137010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP256f0137010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP256f0137010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP256f0137010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Mitsubishi Foundation Research Grant 2020"},{"name":"Kawano Pediatric Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-41827-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T21:25:03Z","timestamp":1772486703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Single-cell transcriptomics reveal heat shock protein dysregulation in severe SARS-CoV-2\u2013associated pediatric encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Takako","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motomasa","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken-ichi","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsushi","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-ichi","family":"Kawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Torii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"41827_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit458","volume":"57","author":"A Venkatesan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Venkatesan, A. et al. Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium. Clin. Infect. Dis. 57 (8), 1114\u20131128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cit458 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"41827_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31816507b2","volume":"27","author":"R Amin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amin, R. et al. Acute childhood encephalitis and encephalopathy associated with influenza: a prospective 11-year review. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 27 (5), 390\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0b013e31816507b2 (2008).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"41827_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1126","volume":"66","author":"H Okuno","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okuno, H. et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of Influenza-Associated Encephalopathy Cases Among Children and Adults in Japan, 2010\u20132015. Clin. Infect. Dis. 66 (12), 1831\u20131837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cix1126 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"41827_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2007.05.011","volume":"37","author":"L Mannonen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mannonen, L. et al. Primary human herpesvirus-6 infection in the central nervous system can cause severe disease. Pediatr. Neurol. 37 (3), 186\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2007.05.011 (2007).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"41827_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073819879284","volume":"35","author":"SJ You","year":"2020","unstructured":"You, S. J. Human Herpesvirus-6 may be Neurologically Injurious in Some Immunocompetent Children. J. Child. Neurol. 35 (2), 132\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073819879284 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Child. Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"41827_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2021.01333","volume":"65","author":"KY Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee, K. Y. Rotavirus infection-associated central nervous system complications: clinicoradiological features and potential mechanisms. Clin. Exp. Pediatr. 65 (10), 483\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3345\/cep.2021.01333 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pediatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"41827_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-013-1305-z","volume":"56","author":"A Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park, A. et al. Respiratory syncytial virus-related encephalitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings with diffusion-weighted study. Neuroradiology 56 (2), 163\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00234-013-1305-z (2014).","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"41827_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2687","volume":"77","author":"O Abdel-Mannan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdel-Mannan, O. et al. Neurologic and Radiographic Findings Associated With COVID-19 Infection in Children. JAMA Neurol. 77 (11), 1440\u20131445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2687 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"41827_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122867","volume":"457","author":"M Kasai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kasai, M. et al. Clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-associated encephalopathy in children: Nationwide epidemiological study. J. Neurol. Sci. 457, 122867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2024.122867 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"41827_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2020.08.001","volume":"43","author":"M Mizuguchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mizuguchi, M. et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute encephalopathy in childhood. Brain Dev. 43 (1), 2\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2020.08.001 (2021).","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"41827_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15617172","volume":"36","author":"JA Stokum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stokum, J. A., Gerzanich, V. & Simard, J. M. Molecular pathophysiology of cerebral edema. J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab. 36 (3), 513\u2013538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X15617172 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"41827_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6","volume":"26","author":"W Sungnak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sungnak, W. et al. SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes. Nat. Med. 26 (5), 681\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"41827_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.053","volume":"184","author":"X Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren, X. et al. COVID-19 immune features revealed by a large-scale single-cell transcriptome atlas. Cell 184 (7), 1895\u20131913e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.053 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"41827_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2021.08.002","volume":"2","author":"C de Cevins","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Cevins, C. et al. A monocyte\/dendritic cell molecular signature of SARS-CoV-2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with severe myocarditis. Med 2 (9), 1072\u20131092e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medj.2021.08.002 (2021).","journal-title":"Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"41827_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-024-01701-0","volume":"44","author":"T Suzuki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suzuki, T. et al. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. J. Clin. Immunol. 44 (4), 103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10875-024-01701-0 (2024). Published 2024 Apr 20.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"41827_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01767-y","volume":"42","author":"Y Hao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hao, Y. et al. Dictionary learning for integrative, multimodal and scalable single-cell analysis. Nat. Biotechnol. 42 (2), 293\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-023-01767-y (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"41827_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou, Y. et al. Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets. Nat. Commun. 10 (1), 1523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6 (2019). Published 2019 Apr 3.","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"41827_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9","volume":"12","author":"S Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin, S. et al. Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat. Nat. Commun. 12 (1), 1088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9 (2021). Published 2021 Feb 17.","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"13","key":"41827_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048","volume":"184","author":"Y Hao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hao, Y. et al. Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data. Cell 184 (13), 3573\u20133587e29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"41827_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.57.2.295","volume":"57","author":"H Aiba","year":"2001","unstructured":"Aiba, H., Mochizuki, M., Kimura, M. & Hojo, H. Predictive value of serum interleukin-6 level in influenza virus-associated encephalopathy. Neurology 57 (2), 295\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.57.2.295 (2001).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"41827_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2019.11.002","volume":"42","author":"Y Kawahara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kawahara, Y. et al. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in children with acute encephalopathy. Brain Dev. 42 (2), 185\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2019.11.002 (2020).","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"41827_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155324","volume":"137","author":"H Yamaguchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamaguchi, H. et al. Elevated cytokine, chemokine, and growth and differentiation factor-15 levels in hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome: A retrospective observational study. Cytokine 137, 155324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155324 (2021).","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"41827_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.108024","volume":"233","author":"K Sumaiya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sumaiya, K., Langford, D., Natarajaseenivasan, K. & Shanmughapriya, S. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): A multifaceted cytokine regulated by genetic and physiological strategies. Pharmacol. Ther. 233, 108024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.108024 (2022).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"41827_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6519","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27189","volume":"93","author":"A Aksakal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aksakal, A., Kerget, B., Kerget, F. & A\u015fk\u0131n, S. Evaluation of the relationship between macrophage migration inhibitory factor level and clinical course in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. J. Med. Virol. 93 (12), 6519\u20136524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.27189 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"11","key":"41827_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5273","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302209","volume":"192","author":"C Klasen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klasen, C. et al. MIF promotes B cell chemotaxis through the receptors CXCR4 and CD74 and ZAP-70 signaling. J. Immunol. 192 (11), 5273\u20135284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1302209 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"41827_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947789","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.947789","volume":"13","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, X. & Yu, W. Heat shock proteins and viral infection. Front. Immunol. 13, 947789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.947789 (2022). Published 2022 Aug 5.","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"41827_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102151","volume":"24","author":"E Wyler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wyler, E. et al. Transcriptomic profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infected human cell lines identifies HSP90 as target for COVID-19 therapy. iScience 24 (3), 102151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102151 (2021).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"41827_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.135069","volume":"279","author":"P Joshi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joshi, P. et al. Targeting host inducible-heat shock protein 70 with PES-Cl is a promising antiviral strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 279 (Pt 1), 135069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.135069 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"3","key":"41827_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.22034\/iji.2023.97202.2488","volume":"20","author":"Z Zangeneh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zangeneh, Z. & Khamisipour, G. Elevated HSP70 and HSP90 as Predictive Markers of Immune Activation and Lung Injury in SARS-COV-2 Disease. Iran. J. Immunol. 20 (3), 368\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22034\/iji.2023.97202.2488 (2023).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"17","key":"41827_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15107","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111204200","volume":"277","author":"RM Vabulas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vabulas, R. M. et al. HSP70 as endogenous stimulus of the Toll\/interleukin-1 receptor signal pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (17), 15107\u201315112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M111204200 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"41827_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.02112.x","volume":"114","author":"J Zhou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhou, J., An, H., Xu, H., Liu, S. & Cao, X. Heat shock up-regulates expression of Toll-like receptor-2 and Toll-like receptor-4 in human monocytes via p38 kinase signal pathway. Immunology 114 (4), 522\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.02112.x (2005).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"41827_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000036","volume":"26","author":"R Schulz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schulz, R. & Moll, U. M. Targeting the heat shock protein 90: a rational way to inhibit macrophage migration inhibitory factor function in cancer. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 26 (1), 108\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000036 (2014).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"41827_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12040981","volume":"12","author":"YM Seo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seo, Y. M., Hwang-Bo, S., Im, S. A., Kim, M. & Youn, Y. A. Predictive Value of Heat-Shock Protein Gene Expression on Severe Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Diagnostics (Basel). 12 (4), 981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12040981 (2022). Published 2022 Apr 13.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"41827_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-024-01289-y","volume":"16","author":"D Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu, D. et al. Perihematomal Neurovascular Protection: Blocking HSP90 Reduces Blood Infiltration Associated with Inflammatory Effects Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rates. Transl Stroke Res. 16 (4), 1133\u20131145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-024-01289-y (2025).","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41827-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41827-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41827-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T09:59:39Z","timestamp":1773395979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-41827-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["41827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-41827-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Nagoya University Hospital (IRB No. 2020\u2009\u2212\u20090645). All methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Biological Research Involving Human Subjects in Japan.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all patients or their legal guardians.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication of the data presented in this study was obtained from all patients or their legal guardians.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"8916"}}