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This study examined whether patterned EMF exposure influences these domains, using the WAIS-IV Digit Span Forward (DSF) and Digit Span Backward (DSB) subtests. Ninety-eight healthy volunteers were randomly assigned, in a between-subjects design, to one of four conditions: Theta-Burst (five-pulse bursts at 100\u00a0Hz), Theta-Gamma (mimicking theta\u2013gamma coupling in hippocampal networks), 40\u00a0Hz gamma stimulation, or sham stimulation. Fields were applied for 30\u00a0min in one of three spatial configurations: unilaterally over the left hemisphere, unilaterally over the right hemisphere, or bilaterally over the temporal lobes. Theta-Burst EMF reduced working memory performance on the DSB task and was accompanied by increased high-alpha (10\u201312\u00a0Hz) activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus and a whole-brain effect centered on the right superior frontal gyrus. In contrast, Theta-Gamma EMF reduced DSF performance without detectable EEG changes. These findings indicate that EMF effects on memory are frequency- and pattern-specific, selectively altering behavior and, in some cases, underlying neural activity. Optimizing stimulation parameters may allow such fields to be harnessed for cognitive enhancement or targeted neuromodulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-42063-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T04:18:16Z","timestamp":1772079496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electromagnetic field stimulation modulates working memory and cortical alpha oscillations in healthy adults"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kate S.","family":"Branigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin S.","family":"Saroka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula L.","family":"Corradini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel A.","family":"Larivi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blake T.","family":"Dotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"42063_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae292","author":"G Koch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koch, G. et al. 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