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The participants in this study consist of 10,043 men and women in a survey study in Stockholm 1969-70, when they were 18\u201325 years old. We used data on hospitalization events due to a hip fracture or a diagnosis indicating high alcohol consumption from 1970 to 2016 acquired from the National Patient Register. This allowed 47 years of follow-up, until the participants were 65\u201372 years old, an age-span that can be described as \u201cnon-elderly adults\u201d. A Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of hip fractures, comparing individuals with and without a diagnosis indicating high alcohol consumption, treating this exposure as a time-varying covariate. There were 151 participants with at least one hip fracture, 86 women and 65 men. There were 450 participants, 173 women and 277 men, who had an alcohol related event, as an indication of alcohol abuse, during the follow-up time of which 24 (10 women and 14 men) also experienced a hip fracture. We found an elevated HR for hip fractures for non-elderly women (HR\u2009=\u20094.59, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.12\u20139.95,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and men (HR\u2009=\u20097.65, 95% CI\u2009=\u20094.07\u201314.36,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with a previous hospitalization-diagnosis indicating high alcohol consumption.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-43095-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T11:54:17Z","timestamp":1773489257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High alcohol consumption and early hip fracture risk in men and women"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Charlotta","family":"Elleby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Skott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven-Erik","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Nyr\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Theobald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Salminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"43095_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanis, J. 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Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA.15(1) 38\u201342. (2004).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1490-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"43095_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2276-3","volume":"19","author":"L Mattisson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mattisson, L., Bojan, A. & Enocson, A. Epidemiology, treatment and mortality of trochanteric and subtrochanteric hip fractures: data from the Swedish fracture register. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 19 (1), 369 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"13","key":"43095_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.2174\/13894501113146660231","volume":"14","author":"SS Abukhadir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abukhadir, S. S., Mohamed, N. & Mohamed, N. Pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteoporosis and its treatment: a review. Curr. 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Nordisk Alkohol Nark. 37 (5), 459\u2013469 (2020).","journal-title":"Nordisk Alkohol Nark"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-43095-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-43095-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-43095-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:07:11Z","timestamp":1781640431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-43095-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["43095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-43095-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board Stockholm on 22 June 2016 (Registration number 2016\/902\u2009\u2212\u200931\/2) and was, as well as the original REBUS study, performed according to the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. The REBUS participants gave their written informed consent at the start of the study in 1969\u20131970. At that time, there was only an advisory ethical committee at Karolinska Institutet and there was no formal ethical application. However, the committee was aware of the study and did not object to it. Several follow-up studies have since been approved and in 1996, the local ethics committee at Karolinska Institutet required that the participants be informed that their data were to be used for studies then and in the future and that they had the right to decline. This was done satisfactorily through advertisements in national papers. The local ethics committee and, after 2004, the Regional Ethical Review Board, have since then considered the participants to have given their consent to future studies. The digitalized data of the participants, including personal identity numbers and the answers from the postal surveys, were sent to the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare for the addition of fracture and alcohol related hospitalization data. The returned data were anonymized and contained no personal identity numbers so the researchers could not identify individual participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"9084"}}