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Anstalt \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dysphagia is a frequent and serious complication after stroke, associated with pneumonia, malnutrition, prolonged intensive care unit stay, and higher healthcare costs. Pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) is a novel therapy that may support recovery from postextubation dysphagia. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of PES in stroke patients from a health insurance perspective. We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial including 60 stroke patients with postextubation dysphagia, randomized to PES (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930) or sham stimulation (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930). Sham treatment involved identical device placement without stimulation. Acute hospital costs were estimated per patient using the 2025 German Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG) reimbursement system. Mean costs were compared between groups with a one-sided t-test, and distributions were explored with boxplots. Mean DRG costs per patient were \u20ac22,392.89 (SD = \u20ac14,980.84) in the sham group and \u20ac18,127.20 (SD = \u20ac7,828.65) in the PES group. The difference was not statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.087). However, three outliers with costs &gt;\u20ac50,593 occurred in the sham group, compared with none in the PES group (maximum \u20ac35,257.49). Although the difference in mean hospitalization costs between groups was not statistically significant, extreme high-cost outliers occurred only in the sham group in this pilot sample. This observation is exploratory and hypothesis-generating and requires confirmation in larger, adequately powered health-economic studies before firm conclusions regarding cost-effectiveness can be drawn.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-43591-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T22:44:07Z","timestamp":1773096247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pharyngeal electrical stimulation for postextubation dysphagia after stroke: a randomized trial on hospitalization costs from a health insurance perspective"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bendix","family":"Labeit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"von Itter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Claus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Ahring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Warnecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Muhle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almut","family":"Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven G.","family":"Meuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Dziewas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Suntrup-Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"43591_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02960-5","volume":"22","author":"KJ Banda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Banda, K. 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AJ: has received a scientific prize from the German Society for Clinical Neurophysiology and Functional Imaging (DGKN) and a travel grant for a conference from the German Society for Dysphagia (DGD). TW: has received support for scientific projects from AbbVie, EVER Pharma, Clexio Bioscience Ltd, has received consulting fees from Desitin, BIAL, Stadapharm, Phagenesis, Merz, has received honoraria for lectures from BIAL, AbbVie, Desitin, Zambon. Pfizer, Britannia, Esteve and Merz. PM: has received honoraria for lectures from Nestle Health Science, Phagenesis Ltd and Alexion Pharma. SGM: has received funding for research-projects from the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Research Foundation (DFG), Else Kr\u00f6ner Fresenius Foundation, Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss (G-BA), German Academic Exchange Service, Hertie Foundation, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Studies (IZKF) Muenster, German Foundation Neurology, Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, the Daimler and Benz Foundation, Multiple Sclerosis Society North Rhine-Westphalia Regional Association (dmsg), Peek & Cloppenburg D\u00fcsseldorf Foundation, Hempel Foundation for Science, Art and Welfare, German Alzheimer Society e.V. Dementia self-help and Alexion, Almirall, Amicus Therapeutics Germany, Argenx, Bayer Vital GmbH, BGP Products Operations (Viatris Company), Biogen, BMS, Demecan, Diamed, DGM e.v., Fresenius Medical Care, Genzyme, Gesellschaft von Freunden und F\u00f6rderern der Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf e.V., HERZ Burgdorf, Hexal, Janssen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Novo Nordisk Pharma, ONO Pharma, Roche and Teva, has received honoraria for lecturing, travel expenses and for attending meetings from Academy 2, Argenx, Alexion, Almirall, Amicus Therapeutics Germany, AstraZeneca, Bayer Health Care, Biogen, BioNtech, BMS, Celgene, Datamed, Demecan, Desitin, Diamed, Diaplan, DIU Dresden, DPmed, Gen Medicine and Healthcare products, Genzyme, Hexal AG, IGES, Impulze GmbH, Janssen Cilag, KW Medipoint, MedDay Pharmaceuticals, Medmile, Merck Serono, MICE, Mylan, Neuraxpharm, Neuropoint, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, ONO Pharma, Oxford PharmaGenesis, QuintilesIMS, Roche, Sanofi, Springer Medizin Verlag, STADA, Chugai Pharma, Teva, UCB, Viatris, Wings for Life international and Xcenda. RD: is a former advisory board member of Phagenesis Ltd and has received honoraria from Phagenesis Ltd, and he serves as president for the European Society for Swallowing Disorders (ESSD) and president of the German Dysphagia Society (DGD) (unpaid). SSK: has received lecture honoraria from Phagenesis Ltd and served as congress president 2024 of the European Society of Swallowing Disorders (ESSD) (unpaid). The other authors declared no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02470078, registration date June 12, 2015) was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Muenster, Germany.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal representatives.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"8556"}}