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Dentilisin\/PrtP directly activated recombinant MMP2 in vitro.\n                    <jats:italic>T. denticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mediated MMP2 activation was TLR2-dependent, since TLR2 suppression abrogated MMP2 activation, reduced MMP2 mRNA expression, and reduced\n                    <jats:italic>T. denticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    internalization. Nisin significantly inhibited\n                    <jats:italic>T. denticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    internalization. Computational modeling suggests dentilisin\/PrtP directly binds pro-MMP2, whereas nisin binds dentilisin\/PrtP but not pro-MMP2. Thus, nisin may interfere with MMP2 activation by binding to dentilisin\/PrtP. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which\n                    <jats:italic>T. denticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    and nisin regulate MMP2, and underscore nisin\u2019s potential as a therapeutic for modulating bacterial-mediated tissue damage during periodontal disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-43673-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T05:45:14Z","timestamp":1773207914000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nisin bacteriocin blocks T. denticola-triggered MMP2 activation and pathogen internalization via TLR2"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pachiyappan","family":"Kamarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Radaic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Beheshti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mishri","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Christopher","family":"Fenno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne L. 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