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We previously reported that paraffin, which is used for normal histology, acts as a tissue contrast enhancement agent in XRM, thereby enabling cellular-level 3D visualization of unstained biological samples. In this work, a new form of correlative visible-light and X-ray microscopy (CLXM) was introduced, where a kidney biopsy sample was first observed by laboratory-based XRM with paraffin-mediated contrast enhancement, and the same sample was then observed by visible-light microscopy (LM) at the same measurement point, to compare images from these two modalities precisely. This laboratory-based cellular-level CLXM was applied to a kidney biopsy from a 5\/6 nephrectomy model mouse to evaluate glomerular hypercellularity lesions. The image comparison identified high-opacity particles in XRM images as cell nuclei in various parts of the nephron including glomeruli and tubules. A complementary approach using both LM and XRM images allowed us to identify\/segment three lesions as aggregations of mesangial cells. It was found that one mesangial cell occupied a volume of about 100 \u03bcm\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    in these lesions showing different 3D morphology. Present results suggest the availability of laboratory-based XRM for the practical 3D evaluation of whole kidney biopsies at cellular-level spatial resolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-44720-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T06:06:26Z","timestamp":1775109986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Laboratory-based cellular-level correlative visible-light and X-ray microscopy for 3D evaluation of mouse kidney biopsy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kunishima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raita","family":"Hirose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Furuichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Omote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"44720_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1080\/00313029400169032","volume":"26","author":"JL Yong","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yong, J. 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