{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:56:52Z","timestamp":1792443412916,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-44772-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T19:55:39Z","timestamp":1773863739000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The efficacy of scalp cooling in patients receiving chemotherapy for primary gynecologic cancers: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shuk Tak","family":"Kwok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley Suk Kwan","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tat On","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy Man Yee","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siew Fei","family":"Ngu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Kar Loen","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hextan Yuen Sheung","family":"Ngan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polly Pui Yee","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damaris Suk Mei","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi Ka Ying","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina Sze Man","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ka Yu","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"44772_CR1","first-page":"543","volume":"12","author":"PJ Hesketh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hesketh, P. J. et al. Chemotherapy-induced alopecia: psychosocial impact and therapeutic approaches. Support. Care Cancer. 12, 543\u20139 (2004).","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer."},{"key":"44772_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.03.055","volume":"80","author":"A Freites-Martinez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Freites-Martinez, A. et al. CME Part 1: hair disorders in cancer patients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 80, 1179 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"44772_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.17.00038","volume":"14","author":"M Kruse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kruse, M. & Abraham, J. Management of chemotherapy-induced alopecia with scalp cooling. J. Oncol. Pract. 14, 149\u2013154 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Pract."},{"key":"44772_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13906","volume":"57","author":"B Rubio-Gonzalez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rubio-Gonzalez, B., Juh\u00e1sz, M., Fortman, J. & Mesinkovska, N. A. Pathogenesis and treatment options for chemotherapy-induced alopecia: A systematic review. Int. J. Dermatol. 57, 1417\u201324 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"44772_CR5","first-page":"1793","volume":"27","author":"KY Tse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tse, K. Y. et al. Quality-of-life of ovarian cancer patients with prolonged use of chemotherapy\u2014A prospective comparative quantitative and qualitative study. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 27, 1793 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"44772_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3609","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30040275","volume":"30","author":"TC Wikramanayake","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wikramanayake, T. C., Haberland, N. I., Akhundlu, A., Laboy Nieves, A. & Miteva, M. Prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced alopecia: What is available and what is coming?. Curr. Oncol. 30, 3609\u20133626 (2023).","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"44772_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang D., Cho J., Zhao D., Kim J., Kim N., Kim H., et al. Scalp Cooling in Preventing Persistent Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol. JCO2302374 (2024).","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.02374"},{"key":"44772_CR8","first-page":"2565","volume":"21","author":"DC Betticher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Betticher, D. C. et al. Efficacy and tolerability of two scalp cooling systems for the prevention of alopecia associated with docetaxel treatment. Support. Care Cancer. 21, 2565\u201373 (2013).","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer."},{"key":"44772_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2017.07.012","volume":"18","author":"HS Rugo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rugo, H. S. & Voigt, J. Scalp hypothermia for preventing alopecia during chemotherapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin. Breast Cancer. 18, 19\u201328 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Breast Cancer."},{"key":"44772_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2024.06.012","volume":"188","author":"KA Lambert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lambert, K. A., Albright, B. B., Anastasio, M. K., Kaplan, S. J. & McNally, L. Scalp hypothermia to reduce chemotherapy-induced alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol. Oncol. 188, 71\u201380 (2024).","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol."},{"key":"44772_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2013.794955","volume":"53","author":"CJ van den Hurk","year":"2014","unstructured":"van den Hurk, C. J. et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of scalp cooling to reduce chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Acta Oncologica. 53, 80\u20137 (2014).","journal-title":"Acta Oncologica."},{"key":"44772_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.21038","volume":"317","author":"HS Rugo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rugo, H. S. et al. Association between use of a scalp cooling device and alopecia after chemotherapy for breast cancer. Jama. 317, 606\u201314 (2017).","journal-title":"Jama."},{"key":"44772_CR13","unstructured":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Ovarian Cancer [Internet]. 2025 [cited 30 Apr 2025]."},{"key":"44772_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197912273012605","volume":"301","author":"JC Dean","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dean, J. C., Salmon, S. E. & Griffith, K. S. Prevention of doxorubicin-induced hair loss with scalp hypothermia. N. Engl. J. Med. 301, 1427\u20131429 (1979).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"44772_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026429831234","volume":"6","author":"D Osoba","year":"1997","unstructured":"Osoba, D., Aaronson, N., Zee, B., Sprangers, M. & Te Velde, A. Modification of the EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 2.0) based on content validity and reliability testing in large samples of patients with cancer. The Study Group on Quality of Life of the EORTC and the Symptom Control and Quality of Life Committees of the NCI of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Qual Life Res. 6, 103\u20138 (1997).","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"key":"44772_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000322","volume":"78","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kroenke, K. et al. Patient health questionnaire anxiety and depression scale: Initial validation in three clinical trials. Psychosom. Med. 78, 716\u2013727 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"44772_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.11.002","volume":"53","author":"X Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu, X., Tam, W. W., Wong, P. T., Lam, T. H. & Stewart, S. M. The patient health questionnaire-9 for measuring depressive symptoms among the general population in Hong Kong. Compr. Psychiatry 53, 95\u2013102 (2012).","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"44772_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2015.11.019","volume":"120","author":"X Tong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tong, X., An, D., McGonigal, A., Park, S. P. & Zhou, D. Validation of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) among Chinese people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 120, 31\u201336 (2016).","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"44772_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2024.03.004","volume":"88","author":"E Ibrahimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ibrahimi, E., Fawson, S., Hughes, L. D. & Chilcot, J. Psychometric validation of the 15-item patient health questionnaire - anxiety and depression scale (PHQ-ADS) to assess psychological distress in breast cancer survivors. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 88, 68\u201374 (2024).","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"44772_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.09.007","volume":"50","author":"J Chilcot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chilcot, J. et al. Screening for psychological distress using the patient health questionnaire anxiety and depression scale (PHQ-ADS): Initial validation of structural validity in dialysis patients. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 50, 15\u201319 (2018).","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"44772_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-017-0278-0","volume":"11","author":"ELY Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong, E. L. Y., Ramos-Goni, J. M., Cheung, A. W. L., Wong, A. Y. K. & Rivero-Arias, O. Assessing the use of a feedback module to model EQ-5D-5L health states values in Hong Kong. Patient 11, 235\u2013247 (2018).","journal-title":"Patient"},{"key":"44772_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2019.00733","volume":"9","author":"T Kinoshita","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kinoshita, T. et al. Efficacy of scalp cooling in preventing and recovering from chemotherapy-induced alopecia in breast cancer patients: The HOPE Study. Front. Oncol. 9, 733 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"44772_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gore.2021.100842","volume":"37","author":"C Mitric","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mitric, C. et al. Scalp cooling for reducing alopecia in gynecology oncology patients treated with dose-dense chemotherapy: A pilot project. Gynecol. Oncol. Rep. 37, 100842 (2021).","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"44772_CR24","first-page":"6943","volume":"29","author":"S Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. The scalp cooling therapy for hair loss in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Support. Care Cancer 29, 6943\u20136956 (2021).","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"44772_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e576","DOI":"10.3747\/co.23.3200","volume":"23","author":"MK Fehr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fehr, M. K., Welter, J., Sell, W., Jung, R. & Felberbaum, R. Sensor-controlled scalp cooling to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia in female cancer patients. Curr. Oncol. 23, e576\u2013e582 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Oncol."},{"key":"44772_CR26","first-page":"762","volume":"32","author":"VGH Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee, V. G. H. et al. Scalp cooling therapy for chemotherapy-induced hair loss in patients with breast or gynecological cancers-an Asian tertiary institution experience. Support. Care Cancer 32, 762 (2024).","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"44772_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16270","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.16270","volume":"51","author":"S Oki","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oki, S. et al. Feasibility of anticancer treatment using scalp cooling for patients with gynecological cancer in Japan: A case series study. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 51, e16270 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"44772_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2015.12.001","volume":"56","author":"B Pliskow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pliskow, B., Mitra, K. & Kaya, M. Simulation of scalp cooling by external devices for prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia. J. Therm. Biol. 56, 31\u201338 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"44772_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14612","volume":"32","author":"VV Shah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shah, V. V. et al. Scalp hypothermia as a preventative measure for chemotherapy-induced alopecia: A review of controlled clinical trials. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 32, 720\u201334 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"44772_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13679","volume":"26","author":"RJ Delgado","year":"2023","unstructured":"Delgado, R. J. et al. Ethical legal organizational and social issues related to the use of scalp cooling for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia: A systematic review. Health Expect. 26, 567\u201378 (2023).","journal-title":"Health Expect."},{"key":"44772_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-016-3799-7","volume":"157","author":"VR Belum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Belum, V. R. et al. Cold thermal injury from cold caps used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 157, 395\u2013400 (2016).","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"44772_CR32","unstructured":"Integrated Health Services (IHS), Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine (TCI). WHO international standard terminologies on traditional Chinese medicine2022 [cited 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240042322."},{"key":"44772_CR33","first-page":"279","volume":"35","author":"G Zou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zou, G. et al. Diagnosis and treatment characteristics of head-wind sha in She medicine. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 35, 279\u2013281 (2015).","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"44772_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3531","volume":"23","author":"EK Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi, E. K. et al. Impact of chemotherapy\u2010induced alopecia distress on body image, psychosocial well\u2010being, and depression in breast cancer patients. Psychooncology 23, 1103\u20131110 (2014).","journal-title":"Psychooncology"},{"key":"44772_CR35","first-page":"237","volume":"31","author":"S Kocan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kocan, S., Aktug, C. & Gursoy, A. \u201cWho am I?\u201d A qualitative meta-synthesis of chemotherapy\u2010induced alopecia and body image perception in breast cancer patients. Support. Care Cancer 31, 237 (2023).","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"44772_CR36","first-page":"503","volume":"22","author":"V Jayde","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jayde, V., Boughton, M. & Blomfield, P. The experience of chemotherapy-induced alopecia for Australian women with ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer Care 22, 503\u2013512 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care"},{"key":"44772_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.3.1225","volume":"16","author":"K Ishida","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ishida, K., Ishida, J. & Kiyoko, K. Psychosocial reaction patterns to alopecia in female patients with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 16, 1225\u20131233 (2015).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"44772_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jams.2017.11.002","volume":"11","author":"VL Rasera Zotelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rasera Zotelli, V. L. et al. Patterns of energy imbalance of the meridians in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction. J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 11, 1\u20136 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud."},{"key":"44772_CR39","first-page":"241","volume":"15","author":"XM Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, X. M., Li, X. B. & Peng, Y. Impact of Qi-invigorating traditional Chinese medicines on intestinal flora: A basis for rational choice of prebiotics. Chin. J. Nat. Med. 15, 241\u2013254 (2017).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"44772_CR40","first-page":"747","volume":"15","author":"RQ Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng, R. Q. et al. Traditional Chinese medicine for breast cancer: A review. Breast Cancer 15, 747\u2013759 (2023).","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"44772_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2020.08.005","volume":"11","author":"SM Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng, S. M. et al. Association between cancer-related fatigue and traditional Chinese medicine body constitution in female patients with breast cancer. J. Tradit. Complement. Med. 11, 62\u201367 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"44772_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868079","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.868079","volume":"9","author":"AR Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, A. R., Andrews, L., Hilts, A. & Valdebran, M. Efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in alopecia: A narrative review. Front Med 9, 868079 (2022).","journal-title":"Front Med"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44772-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44772-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44772-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T23:27:21Z","timestamp":1777850841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44772-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["44772"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-44772-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Hong Kong West Cluster Ethics Committee (UWB 19-514) and conducted in full conformance with the ICH E6 guideline for Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients for the conduction of all the involved procedures and publication of this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient consent"}}],"article-number":"14109"}}