{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:26:21Z","timestamp":1789269981781,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-44797-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:13:41Z","timestamp":1774966421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integrated bioactivity assessment of Syzygium aromaticum bud extract from Sudan shows antimicrobial and antioxidant potential"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3439-096X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Saeed","family":"Kabbashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa J. Ali","family":"Shuaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4504-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taher Issa","family":"Shailabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7330-932X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doaa R.","family":"Zahran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahlil Faisal","family":"Abdulwahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanadi Hashim","family":"Bosharah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malaz Fargadin","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Batool Mohammed","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0682-0312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Abdelhafiz","family":"Elshikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama Omer","family":"Elhag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4373-4912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Ali","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4945-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumya","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hadi","family":"Dehghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7979-6432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esraa E.","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"44797_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Hachlafi, N. et al. Abdallah analysis and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic EM,. Phytochemical activities of essential oils from Moroccan medicinal plants: Mentha suaveolens, Lavandula stoechas, and Ammi visnaga. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. ;164:114937. (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114937"},{"key":"44797_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalid, M. et al. Assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of Sisymbrium officinale plant extract. Heliyon. 8(9). (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10477"},{"key":"44797_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minarini, L. A. D. R. et al. antimicrobial resistance as a global public health problem: how can we address it?. 612844 (Frontiers Media SA, 2020).","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.612844"},{"issue":"7","key":"44797_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14510","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.14510","volume":"17","author":"H Br\u00fcssow","year":"2024","unstructured":"Br\u00fcssow, H. The antibiotic resistance crisis and the development of new antibiotics. Microb. Biotechnol. 17 (7), e14510 (2024).","journal-title":"Microb. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"44797_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nexres.2024.100087","volume":"1","author":"AS Kabbashi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kabbashi, A. S. et al. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and synergistic interaction between Punica granatum peels and synthetic antibiotics on multidrug-resistant bacteria. Next Res. 1 (2), 100087 (2024).","journal-title":"Next Res."},{"key":"44797_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112891","volume":"209","author":"AM Pisoschi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pisoschi, A. M. et al. Oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants-an overview on their chemistry and influences on health status. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 209, 112891 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"44797_CR7","unstructured":"Sanjay, S. S. & Shukla, A. K. Potential therapeutic applications of nano-antioxidants (Springer, 2021)."},{"key":"44797_CR8","unstructured":"Nath, A. R. Syntheses of New Butylated Hydroxytoluene Analogues and Their Potential Application as Antioxidant for Synthetic Lubricant Oil (University of Malaya (Malaysia), 2019)."},{"issue":"2","key":"44797_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00040.2012","volume":"94","author":"A Bhattacharyya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya, A., Chattopadhyay, R., Mitra, S. & Crowe, S. E. Oxidative stress: an essential factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal diseases. Physiol. Rev. 94 (2), 329\u2013354 (2014).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"44797_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.15421\/022395","volume":"14","author":"O Skoryk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Skoryk, O. & Horila, M. Oxidative stress and disruption of the antioxidant defense system as triggers of diseases. Regul. Mech. Biosystems. 14 (4), 665\u2013672 (2023).","journal-title":"Regul. Mech. Biosystems"},{"key":"44797_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shuaib, M., Kabbashi, A., Eltawaty, S. & Ismail, A. In vitro anti-MDR bacteria, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Ceratonia siliqua L. AlQalam J. Med. Appl. Sci. 868\u2013873. (2025).","DOI":"10.54361\/ajmas.258248"},{"key":"44797_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.51470\/JPB.2023.02.02.09","volume":"2","author":"N Sultana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sultana, N., Saini, P. K., Kiran, S. R. & Kanaka, S. Exploring the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species: A comprehensive review. J. Plant. Biota. 2, 9\u201313 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Plant. Biota."},{"issue":"12","key":"44797_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121309","volume":"9","author":"S Parham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parham, S. et al. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral properties of herbal materials. Antioxidants 9 (12), 1309 (2020).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"44797_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfian, A., Mahulette, A., Zainal, M. & Bahrun, A. (eds) Morphological character of raja clove (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr & Perry.) native from Ambon Island.In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science: (IOP Publishing, 2019).","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/343\/1\/012150"},{"key":"44797_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiwari, S. & Dubey, N. K. Phytochemical evaluation and biological activity of Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oil. 371\u2013389 (Apple Academic, 2022).","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003281702-29"},{"key":"44797_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charoonratana, T. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) oleoresins. Clove (Syzygium aromaticum). 49\u201365. (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-85177-0.00001-X"},{"issue":"2","key":"44797_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.36346\/sarjap.2023.v04i02.001","volume":"4","author":"MA Ullah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ullah, M. A., Hassan, A. & Hamza, A. Role of clove in human medical history. SAR J. Anat. Physiol. 4 (2), 10\u201319 (2023).","journal-title":"SAR J. Anat. Physiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"44797_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073671","volume":"22","author":"M Ulanowska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ulanowska, M. & Olas, B. Biological properties and prospects for the application of eugenol\u2014a review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22 (7), 3671 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"44797_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/jph.12363","volume":"163","author":"WL Nana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nana, W. L. et al. Antimicrobial activity of Syzygium aromaticum and Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides essential oils against Phytophthora megakarya. J. Phytopathol. 163 (7\u20138), 632\u2013641 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"44797_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-020-00482-5","volume":"14","author":"SMA Selles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Selles, S. M. A., Kouidri, M., Belhamiti, B. T. & Ait Amrane, A. Chemical composition, in-vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil. J. Food Meas. Charact. 14 (4), 2352\u20132358 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Food Meas. Charact."},{"key":"44797_CR21","first-page":"4","volume":"4","author":"B Harbone","year":"1984","unstructured":"Harbone, B. Phytochemical methods. 2nd. New. York Champan Hall. 4, 4\u20137 (1984).","journal-title":"New. York Champan Hall"},{"key":"44797_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tessema, Z. & Molla, Y. Evaluation of the wound healing activity of the crude extract of root bark of Brucea antidysentrica, the leaves of Dodonaea angustifolia and Rhamnus prinoides in mice. Heliyon. 7(1). (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e05901"},{"issue":"1","key":"44797_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-3155-9-10","volume":"9","author":"JS Yadav","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yadav, J. S. et al. Sub-cellular internalization and organ specific oral delivery of PABA nanoparticles by side chain variation. J. Nanobiotechnol. 9 (1), 10 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"44797_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamuela-Ravent\u00f3s, R. M. Folin\u2013Ciocalteu method for the measurement of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Measurement of antioxidant activity & capacity: recent trends and applications. 107\u2009\u2013\u200915. (2018).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119135388.ch6"},{"key":"44797_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.111932","volume":"150","author":"AM Shraim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shraim, A. M., Ahmed, T. A., Rahman, M. M. & Hijji, Y. M. Determination of total flavonoid content by aluminum chloride assay: A critical evaluation. Lwt 150, 111932 (2021).","journal-title":"Lwt"},{"key":"44797_CR26","unstructured":"Wayne, P. Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 30. (2015)."},{"issue":"3","key":"44797_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2012.02.003","volume":"18","author":"E Efstratiou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Efstratiou, E. et al. Antimicrobial activity of Calendula officinalis petal extracts against fungi, as well as Gram-negative and Gram-positive clinical pathogens. Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract. 18 (3), 173\u2013176 (2012).","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"23","key":"44797_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinmicnews.2019.11.002","volume":"41","author":"TC Abbey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abbey, T. C. & Deak, E. What\u2019s new from the CLSI subcommittee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing M100. Clin. Microbiol. Newsl. 41 (23), 203\u2013209 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Newsl."},{"key":"44797_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-149","volume":"14","author":"Y Hilmi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hilmi, Y., Abushama, M. F., Abdalgadir, H., Khalid, A. & Khalid, H. A study of antioxidant activity, enzymatic inhibition and in vitro toxicity of selected traditional sudanese plants with anti-diabetic potential. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 14, 1\u20135 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"issue":"05","key":"44797_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971236","volume":"45","author":"B Meyer","year":"1982","unstructured":"Meyer, B. et al. Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Med. 45 (05), 31\u201334 (1982).","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"44797_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00301a045","volume":"12","author":"SM Kupchan","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kupchan, S. M., Steyn, P. S., Grove, M. D., Horsfield, S. M. & Meitner, S. W. Tumor inhibitors. XXXV. Myrsine saponin, the active principle of Myrsine africana. J. Med. Chem. 12 (1), 167\u2013169 (1969).","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"44797_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1021\/np50066a011","volume":"52","author":"W-W Ma","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ma, W-W., Anderson, J., Chang, C-J., Smith, D. & McLaughlin, J. Majorenolide and Majorynolide: a new pair of cytotoxic and pesticidal alkene-alkyne \u03b4-lactones from Persea major. J. Nat. Prod. 52 (6), 1263\u20131266 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"44797_CR33","unstructured":"Finney, D. J. Probit analysis; a statistical treatment of the sigmoid response curve. (1947)."},{"issue":"2","key":"44797_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/009286159803200223","volume":"32","author":"JL McLaughlin","year":"1998","unstructured":"McLaughlin, J. L., Rogers, L. L. & Anderson, J. E. The use of biological assays to evaluate botanicals. Drug Inform. J. 32 (2), 513\u2013524 (1998).","journal-title":"Drug Inform. J."},{"key":"44797_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2015.11.008","volume":"48","author":"N Martins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martins, N., Barros, L. & Ferreira, I. C. In vivo antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds: Facts and gaps. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 48, 1\u201312 (2016).","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"44797_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1846494","volume":"62","author":"J Ju","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ju, J. et al. Synergistic interactions of plant essential oils with antimicrobial agents: A new antimicrobial therapy. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 62 (7), 1740\u20131751 (2022).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"44797_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2010.11.016","volume":"82","author":"H Wagner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wagner, H. Synergy research: approaching a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals. Fitoterapia 82 (1), 34\u201337 (2011).","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"44797_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2024.107812","volume":"247","author":"J Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, J. et al. Tannins as antimicrobial agents: Understanding toxic effects on pathogens. Toxicon 247, 107812 (2024).","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"8","key":"44797_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2008.06.008","volume":"15","author":"S Hemaiswarya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hemaiswarya, S., Kruthiventi, A. K. & Doble, M. Synergism between natural products and antibiotics against infectious diseases. Phytomedicine 15 (8), 639\u2013652 (2008).","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"44797_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3390\/jof11040256","volume":"11","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Molecular mechanisms of pathogenic fungal virulence regulation by cell membrane phospholipids. J. Fungi. 11 (4), 256 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"issue":"6","key":"44797_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2017.1295225","volume":"43","author":"A Marchese","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marchese, A. et al. Antimicrobial activity of eugenol and essential oils containing eugenol: A mechanistic viewpoint. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 43 (6), 668\u2013689 (2017).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"44797_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872127","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.872127","volume":"13","author":"M Didehdar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Didehdar, M., Chegini, Z., Shariati, A. & Eugenol A novel therapeutic agent for the inhibition of Candida species infection. Front. Pharmacol. 13, 872127 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"44797_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7275","volume":"36","author":"F Nourbakhsh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nourbakhsh, F., Lotfalizadeh, M., Badpeyma, M., Shakeri, A. & Soheili, V. From plants to antimicrobials: Natural products against bacterial membranes. Phytother. Res. 36 (1), 33\u201352 (2022).","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"44797_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.0197","volume":"14","author":"\u0130 G\u00fcl\u00e7in","year":"2011","unstructured":"G\u00fcl\u00e7in, \u0130. Antioxidant activity of eugenol: A structure\u2013activity relationship study. J. Med. Food. 14 (9), 975\u2013985 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"44797_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13071144","volume":"13","author":"D De Sousa","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Sousa, D. et al. Essential oils: chemistry and pharmacological activities. Biomolecules.13 1144. (2023).","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"44797_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040429","volume":"13","author":"M Rudrapal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rudrapal, M. et al. Dietary polyphenols: review on chemistry\/sources, bioavailability\/metabolism, antioxidant effects, and their role in disease management. Antioxidants 13 (4), 429 (2024).","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"44797_CR47","unstructured":"Jooste, C. S. Brine shrimp lethality test and acetylcholine esterase inhibition studies on selected South African medicinal plants (University of the Western Cape, 2012)."},{"issue":"2","key":"44797_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00335-4","volume":"74","author":"I Ahmad","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ahmad, I. & Beg, A. Z. Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant human pathogens. J. Ethnopharmacol. 74 (2), 113\u2013123 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"44797_CR49","unstructured":"Lew, W. H. et al. Evergreen trees that heal: Anti-pathogenic properties of Syzygium Sp. Indian Journal of Natural Products and (IJNPR)[Formerly Natural Product Radiance (NPR)]. 16(1) 29\u201348. (2025)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44797-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44797-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44797-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T16:28:12Z","timestamp":1779208092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44797-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["44797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-44797-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15562"}}