{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T12:01:48Z","timestamp":1779969708269,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007543","name":"Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 du M\u00e9dicament et des Produits de Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021S011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021S011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007543","name":"Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 du M\u00e9dicament et des Produits de Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021S011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021S011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007543","name":"Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 du M\u00e9dicament et des Produits de Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021S011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021S011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007543","name":"Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 du M\u00e9dicament et des Produits de Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021S011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021S011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007543","name":"Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 du M\u00e9dicament et des Produits de Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021S011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021S011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-44889-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T03:35:31Z","timestamp":1774582531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of regulatory changes on the use of baclofen in alcohol use disorders between 2014 and 2021, using the French National Health Data System"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Payet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna\u00eblle","family":"Testud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Ardillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violaine","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Delile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryse","family":"Lapeyre-Mestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Viprey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"44889_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596."},{"key":"44889_CR2","unstructured":"WHO Team Alcohol, Drugs and Addictive Behaviors (ADA). Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health and Treatment of Substance Use Disorder. (2024). https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240096745"},{"key":"44889_CR3","unstructured":"Paille, F. L\u2019alcool, une des toutes premi\u00e8res causes d\u2019hospitalisation en France."},{"key":"44889_CR4","unstructured":"Article - Bulletin \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique hebdomadaire. https:\/\/beh.santepubliquefrance.fr\/beh\/2019\/5-6\/2019_5-6_2.html"},{"key":"44889_CR5","first-page":"67","volume":"24","author":"G Addolorato","year":"2000","unstructured":"Addolorato, G. et al. Ability of baclofen in reducing alcohol craving and intake: II\u2013Preliminary clinical evidence. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 24, 67\u201371 (2000).","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"44889_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh130","volume":"40","author":"O Ameisen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ameisen, O. Complete and prolonged suppression of symptoms and consequences of alcohol-dependence using high-dose baclofen: A self-case report of a physician. Alcohol Alcohol. 40, 147\u2013150 (2005).","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"key":"44889_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03752.x","volume":"107","author":"B Rolland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rolland, B., Bordet, R. & Cottencin, O. Alcohol-dependence: The current French craze for baclofen. Addict. Abingdon Engl. 107, 848\u2013849 (2012).","journal-title":"Addict. Abingdon Engl."},{"key":"44889_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098062","volume":"9","author":"B Rolland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rolland, B. et al. Off-label baclofen prescribing practices among French alcohol specialists: Results of a national online survey. PLoS One 9, e98062 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"44889_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.09.008","volume":"24","author":"J Dupouy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dupouy, J. et al. Baclofen for alcohol dependence in France: Incidence of treated patients and prescription patterns\u2013A cohort study. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 24, 192\u2013199 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"44889_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2515\/therapie\/2015027","volume":"70","author":"C Chaignot","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chaignot, C., Weill, A., Ricordeau, P. & Alla, F. [Use in France of baclofen for alcohol dependence from 2007 to 2013: Cohort study based on the databases SNIIRAM and PMSI]. Therapie 70, 443\u2013453 (2015).","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"44889_CR11","unstructured":"Caisse nationale de l\u2019Assurance Maladie. Cnam), Agence nationale pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du m\u00e9dicament (ANSM), Institut national de la sant\u00e9 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale (Inserm). Le Baclof\u00e8ne en vie r\u00e9elle en France entre 2009 et 2015. Usages, persistance et s\u00e9curit\u00e9, et comparaison aux traitements des probl\u00e8mes d\u2019alcool ayant une autorisation de mise sur le march\u00e9 (2017)."},{"key":"44889_CR12","unstructured":"Actualit\u00e9 - Une recommandation temporaire d\u2019utilisation (RTU) est accord\u00e9e pour le baclof\u00e8ne - ANSM. https:\/\/ansm.sante.fr\/actualites\/une-recommandation-temporaire-dutilisation-rtu-est-accordee-pour-le-baclofene"},{"key":"44889_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4635","volume":"27","author":"C Chaignot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chaignot, C. et al. Risk of hospitalisation and death related to baclofen for alcohol use disorders: Comparison with nalmefene, acamprosate, and naltrexone in a cohort study of 165 334 patients between 2009 and 2015 in France. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 27, 1239\u20131248 (2018).","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"44889_CR14","volume":"11","author":"S Minozzi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Minozzi, S., Saulle, R. & R\u00f6sner, S. Baclofen for alcohol use disorder. Cochrane. Database. Syst. Rev. 11, CD012557 (2018).","journal-title":"Cochrane. Database. Syst. Rev."},{"key":"44889_CR15","unstructured":"Tribunal administratif de Cergy-Pontoise. Sant\u00e9 - Baclof\u00e8ne: l\u00e9galit\u00e9 des autorisations de mise sur le march\u00e9 et annulation de la posologie maximale \u00e0 80\u00a0mg par jour. N\u00b01908658 (2021)."},{"key":"44889_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agv015","volume":"50","author":"PA Spagnolo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spagnolo, P. A., Colloca, L. & Heilig, M. The role of expectation in the therapeutic outcomes of alcohol and drug addiction treatments. Alcohol. Alcohol. 50, 282\u2013285 (2015).","journal-title":"Alcohol. Alcohol."},{"key":"44889_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ads4470","volume":"385","author":"K Kupferschmidt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kupferschmidt, K. What\u2019s next for psychedelics after MDMA rejection? Science 385, 702\u2013703 (2024).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"44889_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.0442","volume":"82","author":"ST Wilkinson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wilkinson, S. T. & Sanacora, G. Issues in clinical trial design\u2014Lessons from the FDA\u2019s rejection of MDMA. JAMA. Psychiatry. 82, 545 (2025).","journal-title":"JAMA. Psychiatry."},{"key":"44889_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00708","volume":"9","author":"R De Beaurepaire","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Beaurepaire, R. et al. The use of baclofen as a treatment for alcohol use disorder: A clinical practice perspective. Front. Psychiatry 9, 708 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"44889_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51254","author":"PS Haber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haber, P. S. et al. New Australian guidelines for the treatment of alcohol problems: An overview of recommendations. Med. J. Aust. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja2.51254 (2021).","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"44889_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8279","volume":"3","author":"LA Ray","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ray, L. A. et al. Combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with alcohol or substance use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. Netw. Open. 3, e208279 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA. Netw. Open."},{"key":"44889_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.7.526","volume":"279","author":"HA Pincus","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pincus, H. A. et al. Prescribing trends in psychotropic medications: primary care, psychiatry, and other medical specialties. JAMA 279, 526\u2013531 (1998).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"44889_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001408","volume":"19","author":"E Pasman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pasman, E. et al. Nonabstinence among US adults in recovery from an alcohol or other drug problem. J. Addict. Med. 19, 338\u2013342 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Addict. Med."},{"key":"44889_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012557.pub3","author":"R Agabio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agabio, R., Saulle, R., R\u00f6sner, S. & Minozzi, S. Baclofen for alcohol use disorder. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012557.pub3 (2023).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"44889_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agabio, R., Rolland, B. & Leggio, L. Baclofen for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (ed. Colombo, G.) (2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-67148-7_6"},{"key":"44889_CR26","volume-title":"Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) Guideline for Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) Guideline for Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders (World Health Organization, 2023)."},{"key":"44889_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002572","volume":"119","author":"LL Jophlin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jophlin, L. L. et al. ACG clinical guideline: Alcohol-associated liver disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 119, 30\u201354 (2024).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"44889_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30866","volume":"71","author":"DW Crabb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crabb, D. W., Im, G. Y., Szabo, G., Mellinger, J. L. & Lucey, M. R. Diagnosis and treatment of alcohol-associated liver diseases: 2019 practice guidance from the American Association for the study of liver diseases. Hepatology 71, 306\u2013333 (2020).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"44889_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106128","volume":"102","author":"MD Glantz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Glantz, M. D. et al. The epidemiology of alcohol use disorders cross-nationally: Findings from the World Mental Health Surveys. Addict. Behav. 102, 106128 (2020).","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"44889_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S37907","author":"P Clapp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clapp, P., Wackernah, R. & Minnick, M. Alcohol use disorder: Pathophysiology, effects, and pharmacologic options for treatment. Subst. Abuse Rehabil. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/SAR.S37907 (2014).","journal-title":"Subst. Abuse Rehabil."},{"key":"44889_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949750","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.949750","volume":"13","author":"R de Beaurepaire","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Beaurepaire, R. & Rolland, B. Baclofen in alcohol use disorder: An analysis of the data provided by the French temporary recommendation for use 2014\u20132017 cohort. Front. Psychiatry 13, 949750 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"44889_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"agad090","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agad090","volume":"59","author":"R De Beaurepaire","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Beaurepaire, R. & Jaury, P. Baclofen in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: tailored doses matter. Alcohol Alcohol. 59, agad090 (2024).","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"44889_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2017.05.004","volume":"65","author":"P Tuppin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tuppin, P. et al. Value of a national administrative database to guide public decisions: From the syst\u00e8me national d\u2019information interr\u00e9gimes de l\u2019Assurance Maladie (SNIIRAM) to the syst\u00e8me national des donn\u00e9es de sant\u00e9 (SNDS) in France. Rev. D\u00c9pid\u00e9miol. Sant\u00e9 Publ. 65, S149\u2013S167 (2017).","journal-title":"Rev. D\u00c9pid\u00e9miol. Sant\u00e9 Publ."},{"key":"44889_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2024.05.003","volume":"79","author":"O Maillard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maillard, O. et al. Use of the French national health data system (SNDS) in pharmacoepidemiology: A systematic review in its maturation phase. Therapie 79, 659\u2013669 (2024).","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"44889_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2024.05.001","volume":"51","author":"B Rolland","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rolland, B., Karila, L., Franchitto, N., Barrault, C. & Naassila, M. Should the French approval of baclofen for alcohol dependence be extended to abstinence maintenance?. Encephale 51, 335\u2013337 (2025).","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"44889_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173272","volume":"12","author":"A Thompson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thompson, A., Ashcroft, D. M., Owens, L., van Staa, T. P. & Pirmohamed, M. Drug therapy for alcohol dependence in primary care in the UK: A clinical practice research datalink study. PLoS One 12, e0173272 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"44889_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4233","volume":"26","author":"J Bezin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bezin, J. et al. The national healthcare system claims databases in France, SNIIRAM and EGB: Powerful tools for pharmacoepidemiology. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 26, 954\u2013962 (2017).","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"44889_CR38","unstructured":"SPF. Mesure des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s de mortalit\u00e9 par cause de d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Approche \u00e9cologique \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un indice de d\u00e9savantage social. Num\u00e9ro th\u00e9matique. In\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales de sant\u00e9. https:\/\/www.santepubliquefrance.fr\/notices\/mesure-des-inegalites-de-mortalite-par-cause-de-deces.-approche-ecologique-a-l-aide-d-un-indice-de-desavantage-social.-numero-thematique.-inegalite"},{"key":"44889_CR39","unstructured":"Cartographie des pathologies. et des d\u00e9penses de l\u2019Assurance Maladie."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44889-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44889-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44889-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:03:06Z","timestamp":1779966186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-44889-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["44889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-44889-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was strictly observational and used anonymous data in accordance with the regulations governing \u201cnoninterventional clinical research\u201d in France. Thus, neither written informed consent from participants nor authorization from any other ethics committee was required to conduct this study. The research group has permanent access to anonymized data from the SNDS in accordance with a specific French regulation, exempting it from the requirement of institutional review board approval.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"16467"}}