{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:56:57Z","timestamp":1781225817927,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-45760-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T09:26:31Z","timestamp":1776677191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Helicobacter pylori infection and liver function alterations in individuals undergoing gastric cancer screening: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Iraj","family":"Feizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Pourfarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elnaz","family":"Faghfuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Bani-Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pourya","family":"Gholizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"45760_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00743","volume":"8","author":"D Cheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheng, D., He, C., Ai, H., Huang, Y. & Lu, N. -h. The possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front. Microbiol. 8, 743 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"45760_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-06","volume":"19","author":"HMS Algood","year":"2006","unstructured":"Algood, H. M. S. & Cover, T. L. Helicobacter pylori persistence: An overview of interactions between H. pylori and host immune defenses. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19, 597\u2013613 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"45760_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2011.00550.x","volume":"13","author":"P Correa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Correa, P. & Piazuelo, M. B. The gastric precancerous cascade. J. Dig. Dis. 13, 2\u20139 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"45760_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12411","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12411","volume":"22","author":"JD de Korwin","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Korwin, J. D., Ianiro, G., Gibiino, G. & Gasbarrini, A. Helicobacter pylori infection and extragastric diseases in 2017. Helicobacter 22, e12411 (2017).","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"45760_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-016-0149-1","volume":"8","author":"WA Nasif","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nasif, W. A., Mukhtar, M. H., Nour Eldein, M. M. & Ashgar, S. S. Oxidative DNA damage and oxidized low density lipoprotein in Type II diabetes mellitus among patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 8, 1\u201311 (2016).","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"45760_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11950","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i34.11950","volume":"20","author":"F Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong, F., Rayner-Hartley, E. & Byrne, M. F. Extraintestinal manifestations of Helicobacter pylori: a concise review. World J. gastroenterology: WJG. 20, 11950 (2014).","journal-title":"World J. gastroenterology: WJG"},{"key":"45760_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i18.2136","volume":"7","author":"M Waluga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Waluga, M., Kukla, M., \u017borniak, M., Bacik, A. & Kotulski, R. From the stomach to other organs: Helicobacter pylori and the liver. World J. Hepatol. 7, 2136 (2015).","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"45760_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.1061","volume":"17","author":"S Cheemerla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheemerla, S. & Balakrishnan, M. Global epidemiology of chronic liver disease. Clin. liver disease. 17, 365\u2013370 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. liver disease"},{"key":"45760_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8","volume":"5","author":"SG Sepanlou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sepanlou, S. G. et al. The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 5, 245\u2013266 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"45760_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22198-9","volume":"8","author":"R Refaeli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Refaeli, R. et al. Relationships of H. pylori infection and its related gastroduodenal morbidity with metabolic syndrome: A large cross-sectional study. Sci. Rep. 8, 4088 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"45760_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12367","volume":"17","author":"S Upala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Upala, S., Jaruvongvanich, V., Riangwiwat, T., Jaruvongvanich, S. & Sanguankeo, A. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Dig. Dis. 17, 433\u2013440 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"45760_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.07.035","volume":"11","author":"M Mokhtare","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mokhtare, M. et al. The effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on modification of metabolic syndrome parameters in patients with functional dyspepsia. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome: Clin. Res. Rev. 11, S1031\u2013S1035 (2017).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome: Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"45760_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e3181cf373f","volume":"103","author":"R Gen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gen, R., Demir, M. & Ataseven, H. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on insulin resistance, serum lipids and low-grade inflammation. South. Med. J. 103, 190\u2013196 (2010).","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"key":"45760_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2011.11.003","volume":"91","author":"E Le Roux-Goglin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Le Roux-Goglin, E. et al. Helicobacter infection induces podosome assembly in primary hepatocytes in vitro. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 91, 161\u2013170 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"45760_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2009.90","volume":"89","author":"MJ Goo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goo, M. J. et al. Helicobacter pylori promotes hepatic fibrosis in the animal model. Lab. Invest. 89, 1291\u20131303 (2009).","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"45760_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2010.109","volume":"90","author":"MR Ki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ki, M. R. et al. Helicobacter pylori accelerates hepatic fibrosis by sensitizing transforming growth factor-\u03b21-induced inflammatory signaling. Lab. Invest. 90, 1507\u20131516 (2010).","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"45760_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70066-5","volume":"8","author":"R Pellicano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pellicano, R., M\u00e9nard, A., Rizzetto, M. & M\u00e9graud, F. Helicobacter species and liver diseases: Association or causation? Lancet. Infect. Dis. 8, 254\u2013260 (2008).","journal-title":"Lancet. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"45760_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-023-03602-z","volume":"205","author":"M Mohammadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohammadi, M. et al. The possible role of Helicobacter pylori in liver diseases. Arch. Microbiol. 205, 281 (2023).","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"45760_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282956","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1282956","volume":"13","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. An update: is there a relationship between H. pylori infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? Why is this subject of interest? Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 13, 1282956 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"45760_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-08455-5","volume":"25","author":"F Pourfarzi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pourfarzi, F. et al. Effectiveness of long-term low-dose aspirin in the prevention of gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori eradication: study design and rationale of Ardabil gastric cancer randomized placebo-controlled prevention trial (AGCPT). Trials 25, 617 (2024).","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"45760_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32835f0786","volume":"25","author":"I Cerovic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cerovic, I. et al. Alcoholic liver disease\/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease index: Distinguishing alcoholic from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 25, 899\u2013904 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"45760_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-9924-z","volume":"53","author":"JR Mera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mera, J. R., Dickson, B. & Feldman, M. Influence of gender on the ratio of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in patients with and without hyperbilirubinemia. Dig. Dis. Sci. 53, 799\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-007-9924-z (2008).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"45760_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16226","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232416226","volume":"23","author":"SDH Malnick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malnick, S. D. H., Alin, P., Somin, M. & Neuman, M. G. Fatty Liver disease-alcoholic and non-alcoholic: Similar but different. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 16226 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"45760_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70001","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70001","volume":"45","author":"EKJ Tham","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tham, E. K. J. et al. The global burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases in 2021. Liver Int. 45, e70001 (2025).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"45760_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2015.76.158","volume":"76","author":"M Livingston","year":"2015","unstructured":"Livingston, M. & Callinan, S. Underreporting in alcohol surveys: Whose drinking is underestimated? J. Stud. Alcohol Drug. 76, 158\u2013164 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Stud. Alcohol Drug"},{"key":"45760_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.006","volume":"68","author":"M Boyle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boyle, M., Masson, S. & Anstee, Q. M. The bidirectional impacts of alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome: Cofactors for progressive fatty liver disease. J. Hepatol. 68, 251\u2013267 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"45760_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.03001.x","volume":"65","author":"J Pettersson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pettersson, J. et al. Muscular exercise can cause highly pathological liver function tests in healthy men. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 65, 253\u2013259 (2008).","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"45760_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.06.021","volume":"71","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Younossi, Z. M. et al. The global epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Hepatol. 71, 793\u2013801 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"45760_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020224","volume":"17","author":"ES Bj\u00f6rnsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnsson, E. S. Hepatotoxicity by drugs: the most common implicated agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17, 224 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"45760_CR30","first-page":"617","volume":"16","author":"SM Rutledge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rutledge, S. M. & Asgharpour, A. Smoking and liver disease. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 16, 617 (2020).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"45760_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13093","volume":"39","author":"M Chegeni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chegeni, M. et al. Alcohol consumption in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Drug Alcohol Rev. 39, 525\u2013538 (2020).","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev."},{"key":"45760_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-11177-z","volume":"38","author":"A Gulati","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gulati, A. et al. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection, MASLD, and liver fibrosis in patients with severe obesity: A single-center experience. Surg. Endosc. 38, 6873\u20136879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-024-11177-z (2024).","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"45760_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.04.012","volume":"96","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mantovani, A. et al. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An updated meta-analysis. Metabolism 96, 56\u201365 (2019).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"45760_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0556-1","volume":"34","author":"S Ballestri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ballestri, S. et al. NAFLD as a sexual dimorphic disease: Role of gender and reproductive status in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and inherent cardiovascular risk. Adv. Therapy. 34, 1291\u20131326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-017-0556-1 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Therapy"},{"key":"45760_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.37349\/emed.2021.00049","volume":"2","author":"A Di Vincenzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Di Vincenzo, A., Russo, L., Doroldi, C., Vettor, R. & Rossato, M. Sex hormones abnormalities in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathophysiological and clinical implications. Explor. Med. 2, 311\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37349\/emed.2021.00049 (2021).","journal-title":"Explor. Med."},{"key":"45760_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.01.008","volume":"7","author":"AG Copay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Copay, A. G., Subach, B. R., Glassman, S. D., Polly, D. W. Jr & Schuler, T. C. Understanding the minimum clinically important difference: A review of concepts and methods. Spine J. 7, 541\u2013546 (2007).","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"45760_CR37","first-page":"726","volume":"9","author":"P Page","year":"2014","unstructured":"Page, P. Beyond statistical significance: clinical interpretation of rehabilitation research literature. Int. J. sports Phys. therapy. 9, 726 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. sports Phys. therapy"},{"key":"45760_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-12-00156.1","volume":"4","author":"GM Sullivan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sullivan, G. M. & Feinn, R. Using effect size\u2014or why the P value is not enough. J. graduate Med. Educ. 4, 279\u2013282 (2012).","journal-title":"J. graduate Med. Educ."},{"key":"45760_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.37349\/emed.2020.00005","volume":"1","author":"NC Salvoza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salvoza, N. C., Giraudi, P. J., Tiribelli, C. & Rosso, N. Sex differences in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Hints for future management of the disease. Explor. Med. 1, 51\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37349\/emed.2020.00005 (2020).","journal-title":"Explor. Med."},{"key":"45760_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2502","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092502","volume":"10","author":"S Della Torre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Della Torre, S. Beyond the X factor: Relevance of sex hormones in NAFLD pathophysiology. Cells 10, 2502 (2021).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"45760_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.939631","author":"L Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, L. et al. The hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic roles of sex and sex-related hormones. Front. Immunol (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.939631 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"45760_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7","volume":"365","author":"RH Eckel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eckel, R. H., Grundy, S. M. & Zimmet, P. Z. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet 365, 1415\u20131428 (2005).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"45760_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00743","author":"D Cheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheng, D., He, C., Ai, H., Huang, Y. & Lu, N. -H. The Possible role of helicobacter pylori infection in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front. Microbiol. (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00743 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"45760_CR44","first-page":"670","volume":"11","author":"MG Mavilia-Scranton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mavilia-Scranton, M. G., Wu, G. Y. & Dharan, M. Impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on the pathogenesis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Clin. Translational Hepatol. 11, 670 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Translational Hepatol."},{"key":"45760_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1410543","author":"D Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Wang, Q. & Bai, F. Bidirectional relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Insights from a comprehensive meta-analysis. Front. Nutr. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1410543 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"45760_CR46","first-page":"117","volume":"34","author":"M Botros","year":"2013","unstructured":"Botros, M. & Sikaris, K. A. The de ritis ratio: The test of time. Clin. Biochem. Rev. 34, 117 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem. Rev."},{"key":"45760_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1282956","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. An update: is there a relationship between H. pylori infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? Why is this subject of interest? Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1282956 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"45760_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1477699","author":"Z Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu, Z. et al. Analysis between Helicobacter pylori infection and hepatobiliary diseases. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1477699 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"45760_CR49","first-page":"1047","volume":"49","author":"NK Shreevastva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shreevastva, N. K., Pandeya, A. & Mishra, D. K. A study of AST: ALT ratio in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases. Saudi J. Med. Pharm. Sci. 49, 1047\u20131050 (2017).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Med. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"45760_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19530","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23746-0","volume":"12","author":"Y Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu, Y., Tong, Y., Wu, L. & Yu X.-y. Helicobacter pylori infection eradication for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Sci. Rep. 12, 19530 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"45760_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-025-00001-x","volume":"45","author":"F Jaber","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jaber, F. et al. Impact of helicobacter pylori eradication on clinical and laboratory parameters in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr. Med. Sci. 45, 1\u201310 (2025).","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Sci."},{"key":"45760_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9210-5","volume":"51","author":"C de Martel","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Martel, C. & Parsonnet, J. Helicobacter pylori infection and gender: A meta-analysis of population-based prevalence survey. Dig. Dis. Sci. 51, 2292\u20132301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-006-9210-5 (2006).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"45760_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.14218\/jcth.2022.00362","volume":"11","author":"MG Mavilia-Scranton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mavilia-Scranton, M. G., Wu, G. Y. & Dharan, M. Impact of Helicobacter pylori Infection on the Pathogenesis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J. Clin. Translational Hepatol. 11, 670\u2013674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14218\/jcth.2022.00362 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Translational Hepatol."},{"key":"45760_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1125658","author":"B Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, B., Xiang, L., Peppelenbosch, M. P. & Fuhler, G. M. Overlapping cytokines in H. pylori infection and gastric cancer: A tandem meta-analysis. Front. Immunol. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1125658 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"45760_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05867-y","author":"S Barakat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barakat, S. et al. Is helicobacter pylori infection a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children? Eur. J. Pediatr. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05867-y","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"45760_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-023-02997-9","volume":"23","author":"Y Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao, Y. et al. Sex- and reproductive status-specific relationships between body composition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 23, 364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-023-02997-9 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"45760_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-025-00001-x","volume":"45","author":"F Jaber","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jaber, F. et al. Impact of helicobacter pylori eradication on clinical and laboratory parameters in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr. Med. Sci. 45, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11596-025-00001-x (2025).","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Sci."},{"key":"45760_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-024-09395-8","volume":"51","author":"YF Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei, Y. F., Xie, S. A. & Zhang, S. T. Current research on the interaction between Helicobacter pylori and macrophages. Mol. Biol. Rep. 51, 497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-024-09395-8 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"45760_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01627-5","volume":"22","author":"YF Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei, Y. F. et al. Helicobacter pylori disrupts gastric mucosal homeostasis by stimulating macrophages to secrete CCL3. Cell. Communication Signal. 22, 263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-024-01627-5 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell. Communication Signal."},{"key":"45760_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4848643","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4848643","volume":"2023","author":"S Bolori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bolori, S. et al. The effects of Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles on hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis in vitro. BioMed. Res. Int. 2023, 4848643 (2023).","journal-title":"BioMed. Res. Int."},{"key":"45760_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857570","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.857570","volume":"12","author":"ME Zahmatkesh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zahmatkesh, M. E. et al. Effects of exosomes derived from Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicle-infected hepatocytes on hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis induction. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 12, 857570 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"45760_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.23302","volume":"9","author":"Q Yu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu, Q., Zhu, L., Kang, H. & Yang, Q. Mucosal Lactobacillus vectored vaccines. Hum. Vaccin Immunother. 9, 805\u2013807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/hv.23302 (2013).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"45760_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.203356","volume":"589","author":"MB Reid","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reid, M. B. & Moylan, J. S. Beyond atrophy: redox mechanisms of muscle dysfunction in chronic inflammatory disease. J. Physiol. 589, 2171\u20132179 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"45760_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i29.3204","volume":"24","author":"AG Gravina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gravina, A. G. et al. Helicobacter pylori and extragastric diseases: A review. World J. Gastroenterol. 24, 3204 (2018).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"45760_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13020166","volume":"13","author":"O Niemel\u00e4","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niemel\u00e4, O. Biomarker-based approaches for assessing alcohol use disorders. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 13, 166 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-45760-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-45760-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-45760-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:02:55Z","timestamp":1781222575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-45760-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["45760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-45760-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethical committee of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (Reference number: IR.ARUMS.REC.1402.313). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}],"article-number":"18237"}}