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This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, phylogenetic distribution, and virulence and resistance gene profiles of\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from broiler chickens on two private farms in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. During April\u2013July 2024, cloacal swabs were collected from diseased broiler chickens showing diarrhea and respiratory symptoms. Post-mortem examination revealed lesions consistent with colibacillosis, including Perihepatitis, Pericarditis, Enteritis, Splenomegaly, and Airsacculitis.\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was isolated and identified using selective culture media, biochemical assays, and PCR verification methods targeting the\n                    <jats:italic>pho<\/jats:italic>\n                    A gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the disc diffusion method against nine different antibiotic classes. Phylogenetic typing and PCR-based detection of virulence (\n                    <jats:italic>omp<\/jats:italic>\n                    A,\n                    <jats:italic>iss<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>iut<\/jats:italic>\n                    A,\n                    <jats:italic>iro<\/jats:italic>\n                    N,\n                    <jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>\n                    A,\n                    <jats:italic>kps<\/jats:italic>\n                    MTII) and resistance genes (\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX\u2212M<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    A,\n                    <jats:italic>aad<\/jats:italic>\n                    A1,\n                    <jats:italic>sul<\/jats:italic>\n                    1,\n                    <jats:italic>qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    A,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VIM\u22121<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>IMP\u22121<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were performed on the strains, and the data were statistically analyzed. Fifty-seven (28.5%) isolates were identified as\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and both the hemolysis test and the Congo red binding test were positive for all isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most isolates belonged to groups B2 (59.6%), B1 (21.1%), and D (19.3%). Notably, all isolates were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, while 93% of the isolates were resistant to cefuroxime and ceftriaxone. Overall, 100% were multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, with a high MAR index (\u2265\u20090.56). The most predominant resistance genes were\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    A (100%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX\u2212M<\/jats:sub>\n                    (91.2%) and\n                    <jats:italic>aad<\/jats:italic>\n                    A1 (85.9%). The main virulence determinants were\n                    <jats:italic>omp<\/jats:italic>\n                    A (100%),\n                    <jats:italic>iss<\/jats:italic>\n                    (78.9%), and\n                    <jats:italic>iut<\/jats:italic>\n                    A (64.9%). We observed correlations between phenotypic resistance, genotypic resistance, and the presence of virulence genes. The high burden of multidrug\u2011resistant isolates\n                    <jats:italic>E.coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    harbouring multiple virulence and extended\u2011spectrum \u03b2\u2011lactamase genes in Egyptian broilers underscores a serious threat to poultry production and public health. These findings highlight the urgent need for rational antimicrobial use, strengthened farm biosecurity, and continuous molecular surveillance within a One Health framework.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-45788-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:16:11Z","timestamp":1775888171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Emergence of multidrug-resistant and virulent Escherichia coli with APEC\u2011associated traits in broiler chickens from Ismailia, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8273-2747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reham M.","family":"ELTarabili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa E.","family":"Abo Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma M.","family":"Yousseff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona S.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada Hussein","family":"Eidaroos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"45788_CR1","first-page":"299","volume":"30","author":"M Dho-Moulin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dho-Moulin, M. & Fairbrother, J. 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