{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T04:59:13Z","timestamp":1794027553734,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSUR Grant number 60502163639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSUR Grant number 60502163639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Trails of Excellence in Southern Africa (TESA) III","award":["Grant number CSA2020NoE-3104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant number CSA2020NoE-3104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-46176-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:49:33Z","timestamp":1775040573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The value of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and osteopontin (SPP1) in tuberculosis treatment response monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bongani","family":"Motaung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Rika","family":"Holtzhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilana","family":"van Rensburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candice I.","family":"Snyders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre G.","family":"Loxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"46176_CR1","unstructured":"Global tuberculosis report 2025. Geneva: World Health Organization [Internet]. Geneva. (2025). Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-programme-on-tuberculosis-and-lung-health\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"46176_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30079-6","volume":"5","author":"K Dheda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dheda, K. et al. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, and management of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and incurable tuberculosis. Lancet Respir Med. 5 (4), 291\u2013360 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"key":"46176_CR3","unstructured":"Geneva & World Health Organization. ; Practical manual on tuberculosis laboratory strengthening, 2022 update [Internet]. (2022). Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/6ed85122-48a2-437e-a47c-e4a0709728d9\/content"},{"issue":"3","key":"46176_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02451-10","volume":"49","author":"NM Parrish","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parrish, N. M. & Carroll, K. C. Role of the Clinical Mycobacteriology Laboratory in Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis in Low-Prevalence Settings. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49 (3), 772\u2013776 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"46176_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70008-2","volume":"13","author":"SD Lawn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lawn, S. D. et al. Advances in tuberculosis diagnostics: The Xpert MTB\/RIF assay and future prospects for a point-of-care test. Lancet Infect. Dis. 13(4), 349\u201361 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"46176_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit494","volume":"209","author":"V Naranbhai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Naranbhai, V. et al. Ratio of Monocytes to Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood Identifies Adults at Risk of Incident Tuberculosis Among HIV-Infected Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 209 (4), 500\u2013509 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"46176_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"La Manna, M. P. et al. Quantitative and qualitative profiles of circulating monocytes may help identifying tuberculosis infection and disease stages. Wilkinson KA, editor. PLOS ONE. 12(2): e0171358. (2017).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171358"},{"issue":"1","key":"46176_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.064","volume":"81","author":"O Est\u00e9vez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Est\u00e9vez, O. et al. Multi-parameter flow cytometry immunophenotyping distinguishes different stages of tuberculosis infection. J. Infect. 81(1), 57\u201371 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"46176_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.594376","volume":"12","author":"G Grassi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grassi, G. et al. PMN-MDSC frequency discriminates active versus latent tuberculosis and could play a role in counteracting the immune-mediated lung damage in active disease. Front. Immunol. 12, 594376 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"46176_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12980","volume":"107","author":"DT Denhardt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Denhardt, D. T., Noda, M., O\u2019Regan, A. W., Pavlin, D. & Berman, J. S. Osteopontin as a means to cope with environmental insults: Regulation of inflammation, tissue remodeling, and cell survival. J. Clin. Invest. 107(9), 7 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"6","key":"46176_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2006.12.026","volume":"313","author":"T Nystr\u00f6m","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nystr\u00f6m, T., Dun\u00e9r, P. & Hultg\u00e5rdh-Nilsson, A. A constitutive endogenous osteopontin production is important for macrophage function and differentiation. Exp. Cell Res. 313(6), 1149\u20131160 (2007).","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"46176_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02682.x","volume":"122","author":"A Koh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Koh, A. et al. Role of osteopontin in neutrophil function. Immunology 122 (4), 466\u2013475 (2007).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"13","key":"46176_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11170","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.189258","volume":"286","author":"N Nishimichi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nishimichi, N. et al. Osteopontin Undergoes Polymerization in Vivo and Gains Chemotactic Activity for Neutrophils Mediated by Integrin \u03b19\u03b21. J. Biol. Chem. 286 (13), 11170\u201311178 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"46176_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2016.10.006","volume":"10","author":"J Xiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xiang, J. et al. Preoperative monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood predicts stages, metastasis, and histological grades in patients with ovarian cancer. Transl. Oncol. 10(1), 33\u20139 (2017).","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"46176_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.02.008","volume":"57","author":"Y Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang, Y. et al. Relationship between monocytes to lymphocytes ratio and axial spondyloarthritis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 57, 43\u20136 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"46176_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0018-2016","volume":"4","author":"R Domingo-Gonzalez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Domingo-Gonzalez, R., Prince, O., Cooper, A. & Khader, S. A. Cytokines and Chemokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Microbiol. Spectr. 4(5), TBTB2-0018-2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0018-2016 (2016).","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"46176_CR17","unstructured":"Giachelli, C. M., Lombardi, D., Johnson, R. J. & Almeida, M. Evidence for a Role of Osteopontin in Macrophage Infiltration in Response to Pathological Stimuli in vivo. Am. J. Pathol. 152(2), 353\u2013358 (1998)."},{"issue":"4","key":"46176_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.72.4.752","volume":"72","author":"GF Weber","year":"2002","unstructured":"Weber, G. F. et al. Phosphorylation-dependent interaction of osteopontin with its receptors regulates macrophage migration and activation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 72(4), 752\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.72.4.752 (2002).","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"46176_CR19","unstructured":"Crawford, H. C., Matrisian, L. M. & Liaw, L. Distinct Roles of Osteopontin in Host Defense Activity and Tumor Survival during Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression in vivo. Cancer Res. 58(22), 5206\u20135215 (1998)."},{"issue":"11","key":"46176_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.144824","volume":"27","author":"M Scatena","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scatena, M., Liaw, L. & Giachelli, C. M. Osteopontin: A multifunctional molecule regulating chronic inflammation and vascular disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 27(11), 2302\u20132309 (2007).","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"46176_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-010-8179-5","volume":"49","author":"M Inoue","year":"2011","unstructured":"Inoue, M. & Shinohara, M. L. Intracellular osteopontin (iOPN) and immunity. Immunol. Res. 49(1\u20133), 160\u201372 (2011).","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"46176_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2224","volume":"268","author":"K Masuda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Masuda, K., Takahashi, N., Tsukamoto, Y., Honma, H. & Kohri, K. N-glycan structures of an osteopontin from human bone. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 268(3), 814\u2013817 (2000).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"46176_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.10.1496","volume":"28","author":"EH Cho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cho, E. H., Cho, K. H., Lee, H. A. & Kim, S. W. High serum osteopontin levels are associated with low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J. Korean Med. Sci. 28(10), 1496 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"46176_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200209-1113OC","volume":"167","author":"Y Koguchi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koguchi, Y. et al. High plasma osteopontin level and its relationship with interleukin-12-mediated type 1 T helper cell response in tuberculosis. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 167 (10), 1355\u20131359 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"46176_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.12.6414","volume":"94","author":"GJ Nau","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nau, G. J. et al. A chemoattractant cytokine associated with granulomas in tuberculosis and silicosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94 (12), 6414\u20136419 (1997).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"46176_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1122","author":"L Liaw","year":"1998","unstructured":"Liaw, L. et al. Altered Wound Healing in Mice Lacking a Functional Osteopontin Gene (spp1). J Clin Invest https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI1122 (1998).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"46176_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2001.01274.x","volume":"104","author":"S Ragno","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ragno, S. et al. Changes in gene expression in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A combined transcriptomic and proteomic approach. Immunology 104(1), 99\u2013108 (2001).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"9","key":"46176_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3791","volume":"18","author":"M Kanayama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanayama, M. et al. Skewing of the population balance of lymphoid and myeloid cells by secreted and intracellular osteopontin. Nat Immunol 18(9), 973\u201384 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"15","key":"46176_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.15.8262332","volume":"7","author":"DT Denhardt","year":"1993","unstructured":"Denhardt, D. T. & Guo, X. Osteopontin: A protein with diverse functions. FASEB J. 7(15), 1475\u201382 (1993).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"46176_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"O\u2019Regan, A. W., Hayden, J. M. & Berman, J. S. Osteopontin augments CD3-mediated interferon-gamma and CD40 ligand expression by T cells, which results in IL-12 production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Leukoc Biol https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.68.4.495 (2000).","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.68.4.495"},{"issue":"1","key":"46176_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.170.1.145","volume":"170","author":"R Patarca","year":"1989","unstructured":"Patarca, R. et al. Structural and functional studies of the early T lymphocyte activation 1 (Eta-1) gene. Definition of a novel T cell-dependent response associated with genetic resistance to bacterial infection. J. Exp. Med. 170 (1), 145\u2013161 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"46176_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2011.02649.x","volume":"61","author":"T Uede","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uede, T. Osteopontin, intrinsic tissue regulator of intractable inflammatory diseases: Osteopontin, cytokine or matrix protein? Pathol. Int. 61 (5), 265\u2013280 (2011).","journal-title":"Pathol. Int."},{"key":"46176_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01685","volume":"11","author":"A Shete","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shete, A. et al. Elevated Levels of Galectin-9 but Not Osteopontin in HIV and Tuberculosis Infections Indicate Their Roles in Detecting MTB Infection in HIV Infected Individuals. Front. Microbiol. 11, 1685 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"46176_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/513263","volume":"2014","author":"B Shiratori","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shiratori, B. et al. Elevated OPN, IP-10, and Neutrophilia in Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Confirmed Tuberculosis Patients. Mediators Inflamm. 2014, 1\u20138 (2014).","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"issue":"5","key":"46176_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1159\/000438559","volume":"37","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu, Y. et al. Decreased Osteopontin Expression as a Reliable Prognostic Indicator of Improvement in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Impact of the Level of Interferon-\u03b3-Inducible Protein 10. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 37 (5), 1983\u20131996 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"10","key":"46176_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12320","volume":"59","author":"FM Hasibuan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hasibuan, F. M. et al. Evaluation of matricellular proteins in systemic and local immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Matricellular proteins in tuberculosis. Microbiol. Immunol. 59 (10), 623\u2013632 (2015).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"46176_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010019","volume":"18","author":"B Shiratori","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shiratori, B. et al. Immunological Roles of Elevated Plasma Levels of Matricellular Proteins in Japanese Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18 (1), 19 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"46176_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, D. et al. The association between osteopontin and tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rottenberg ME, editor. PLOS ONE. 15(12):e0242702. (2020).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242702"},{"issue":"6","key":"46176_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2008.00428.x","volume":"13","author":"K Heilmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heilmann, K. et al. Osteopontin as two-sided mediator of intestinal inflammation. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 13 (6), 1162\u20131174 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"46176_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E856","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316447111","volume":"111","author":"E Kourepini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kourepini, E. et al. Osteopontin expression by CD103 \u2013 dendritic cells drives intestinal inflammation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 111 (9), E856\u2013E865 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"46176_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toyonaga, T. et al. Osteopontin Deficiency Accelerates Spontaneous Colitis in Mice with Disrupted Gut Microbiota and Macrophage Phagocytic Activity. Bamias G, editor. PLOS ONE. 10(8):e0135552. (2015).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135552"},{"issue":"4","key":"46176_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100905","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00905-2021","volume":"59","author":"AN Gupte","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupte, A. N. et al. Baseline IL-6 is a biomarker for unfavourable tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A multisite discovery and validation study. Eur. Respir. J. 59(4), 2100905 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"46176_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2009.03875.x","volume":"156","author":"JF Djoba Siawaya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Djoba Siawaya, J. F., Beyers, N., van Helden, P. & Walzl, G. Differential cytokine secretion and early treatment response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 156 (1), 69\u201377 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"46176_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4413","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060519860686","volume":"47","author":"K Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao, K. et al. Diagnostic value of the blood monocyte\u2013lymphocyte ratio in knee osteoarthritis. J. Int. Med. Res. 47(9), 4413\u201321 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"46176_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2014.10.008","volume":"19","author":"J Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes in peripheral blood in patients diagnosed with active tuberculosis. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 19(2), 125\u201331 (2015).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"46176_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.09.027","volume":"2","author":"V Naranbhai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Naranbhai, V. et al. Distinct transcriptional and anti-mycobacterial profiles of peripheral blood monocytes dependent on the ratio of monocytes: Lymphocytes. EBioMedicine 2(11), 1619\u201326 (2015).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"46176_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1159\/000542625","volume":"49","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, Q., Shao, X., Xu, L., Zou, H. & Chen, W. Association between monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and inflammation in chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study. Kidney Blood Press. Res. 49(1), 1066\u20131074 (2024).","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"46176_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01640-9","volume":"17","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Association between monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and cardiovascular diseases: Insights from NHANES data. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 17(1), 98 (2025).","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"issue":"1","key":"46176_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15010155","volume":"15","author":"M K\u00f6sehasano\u011fullar\u0131","year":"2025","unstructured":"K\u00f6sehasano\u011fullar\u0131, M., Bilecik, N. A., \u015een, S. B. & Ko\u00e7yi\u011fit, B. F. Elevated Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios Are Associated with Disease Activity and Pain in Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Study. J. Clin. Med. 15 (1), 155 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"46176_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V73.2.435.435","volume":"73","author":"FJ Bot","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bot, F. J., van Eijk, L., Broeders, L., Aarden, L. A. & L\u00f6wenberg, B. Interleukin-6 synergizes with M-CSF in the formation of macrophage colonies from purified human marrow progenitor cells. Blood 73(2), 435\u20137 (1989).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"19","key":"46176_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4534","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-192559","volume":"113","author":"K Maeda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maeda, K. et al. Interleukin-6 aborts lymphopoiesis and elevates production of myeloid cells in systemic lupus erythematosus-prone B6.Sle1.Yaa animals. Blood 113 (19), 4534\u20134540 (2009).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"46176_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1286","volume":"144","author":"S Kethireddy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kethireddy, S. et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis septic shock. Chest 144(2), 474\u201382 (2013).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"46176_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.00695","volume":"56","author":"M Shamaei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shamaei, M. et al. Tuberculosis-Associated Secondary Pneumothorax: A Retrospective Study of 53 Patients. Respir Care. 56 (3), 298\u2013302 (2011).","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"46176_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01749.x","volume":"15","author":"TS Jordan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jordan, T. S., Spencer, E. M. & Davies, P. Tuberculosis, bronchiectasis and chronic airflow obstruction: Tuberculosis, Bronchiectasis and CAO. Respirology 15 (4), 623\u2013628 (2010).","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"1","key":"46176_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.220","volume":"109","author":"SC Kuo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuo, S. C. et al. Association between tuberculosis infections and non-pulmonary malignancies: A nationwide population-based study. Br. J. Cancer 109(1), 229\u201334 (2013).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"46176_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-3939-x","volume":"28","author":"YY Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, Y. Y. et al. Increased risk of incident osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture in tuberculosis patients: A population-based study in a tuberculosis-endemic area. Osteoporos. Int. 28(5), 1711\u201321 (2017).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"46176_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.09.004","volume":"7","author":"A Azzurri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Azzurri, A. et al. IFN-\u03b3-inducible protein 10 and pentraxin 3 plasma levels are tools for monitoring inflammation and disease activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Microbes Infect. 7(1), 1\u20138 (2005).","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"issue":"2","key":"46176_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00381-09","volume":"17","author":"WL Su","year":"2010","unstructured":"Su, W. L. et al. Association of reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon, and interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) but increased IL-10 expression with improved chest radiography in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 17(2), 223\u2013231 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"46176_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2019.101859","volume":"118","author":"K Ronacher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ronacher, K. et al. Distinct serum biosignatures are associated with different tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Tuberculosis 118, 101859 (2019).","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"issue":"3","key":"46176_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.09.033","volume":"68","author":"JY Hong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hong, J. Y. et al. Efficacy of IP-10 as a biomarker for monitoring tuberculosis treatment. J. Infect. 68(3), 252\u20138 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"46176_CR61","unstructured":"Kumar, N. P. et al. Plasma chemokines are baseline predictors of unfavorable treatment outcomes in pulmonary tuberculosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. ;ciaa1104. (2020)."},{"key":"46176_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Oliveira, L. R. C. et al. da, Analysis of Toll-Like Receptors, iNOS and Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis during Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment. Torrelles JB, editor. PLoS ONE. 9(2): e88572. (2014).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088572"},{"key":"46176_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2016.08.001","volume":"101","author":"AJ Jacobs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jacobs, A. J., Mongkolsapaya, J., Screaton, G. R., McShane, H. & Wilkinson, R. J. Antibodies and tuberculosis. Tuberculosis 101, 102\u201313 (2016).","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-46176-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-46176-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-46176-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:03:17Z","timestamp":1779148997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-46176-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["46176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-46176-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15390"}}