{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:02:47Z","timestamp":1779667367892,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-46220-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T17:55:10Z","timestamp":1775670910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anticancer potential of radioactively activated zinc: mechanisms and therapeutic applications"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ferdane Dan\u0131\u015fman","family":"Kal\u0131ndemirta\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcne\u015f \u00d6zen","family":"Ero\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Nazl\u0131g\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130shak Af\u015fin","family":"Kariper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"46220_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3390\/NU12030762","volume":"12","author":"M Maares","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maares, M. & Haase, H. A guide to human zinc absorption: General overview and recent advances of in vitro intestinal models. Nutrients 12(3), 762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/NU12030762 (2020).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"46220_CR2","unstructured":"Physiology of Zinc. General Aspects|Semantic Scholar n.d. Accessed 2 January 2026. https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Physiology-of-Zinc%3A-General-Aspects-Jackson\/42ec53d299069cd8b4dc6e0fc7f90fef379f47e3"},{"key":"46220_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8197","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.8197","volume":"12","author":"A Hassan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hassan, A., Sada, K-K., Ketheeswaran, S., Dubey, A. K. & Bhat, M. S. Role of zinc in mucosal health and disease: A review of physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. Cureus 12, e8197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.8197 (2020).","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"46220_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214088","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CCR.2021.214088","volume":"445","author":"M Pellei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pellei, M., Del Bello, F., Porchia, M. & Santini, C. Zinc coordination complexes as anticancer agents. Coord. Chem. Rev. 445, 214088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CCR.2021.214088 (2021).","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"46220_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580903285122","volume":"61","author":"AS Prasad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prasad, A. S., Beck, F. W. J., Snell, D. C. & Kucuk, O. Zinc in Cancer Prevention. Nutr. Cancer. 61, 879\u2013887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01635580903285122 (2009).","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"46220_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214088","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CCR.2021.214088","volume":"445","author":"M Pellei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pellei, M., Del Bello, F., Porchia, M. & Santini, C. Zinc coordination complexes as anticancer agents. Coord. Chem. Rev. 445, 214088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CCR.2021.214088 (2021).","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"46220_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.003038","volume":"4","author":"W Maret","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maret, W. Zinc biochemistry: From a single zinc enzyme to a key element of life. Adv. Nutr. 4, 82\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/an.112.003038 (2013).","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"46220_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1152\/PHYSREV.1993.73.1.79","volume":"73","author":"BL Vallee","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vallee, B. L. & Falchuk, K. H. The biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Physiol. Rev. 73, 79\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/PHYSREV.1993.73.1.79 (1993).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"46220_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES25040951","volume":"25","author":"M Abendrot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abendrot, M. et al. Zinc(II) complexes with amino acids for potential use in dermatology: Synthesis, crystal structures, and antibacterial activity. Molecules 25, 951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES25040951 (2020).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"46220_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2010.502560","volume":"7","author":"JW Rasmussen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rasmussen, J. W., Martinez, E., Louka, P. & Wingett, D. G. Zinc oxide nanoparticles for selective destruction of tumor cells and potential for drug delivery applications. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 7, 1063\u20131077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/17425247.2010.502560 (2010).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv"},{"key":"46220_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1021\/NN800511K","volume":"2","author":"T Xia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xia, T. et al. Comparison of the mechanism of toxicity of zinc oxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles based on dissolution and oxidative stress properties. ACS Nano. 2, 2121\u20132134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/NN800511K (2008).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"46220_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9156285","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9156285","volume":"2018","author":"SR Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee, S. R. Critical role of zinc as either an antioxidant or a prooxidant in cellular systems. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2018, 9156285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/9156285 (2018).","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"46220_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.pcan.4500712","volume":"7","author":"LC Costello","year":"2004","unstructured":"Costello, L. C., Feng, P., Milon, B., Tan, M. & Franklin, R. B. Role of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of prostate cancer: critical issues to resolve. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2004. 7, 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.pcan.4500712 (2004).","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2004"},{"key":"46220_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1093\/JN\/133.8.2543","volume":"133","author":"E Ho","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ho, E., Courtemanche, C. & Ames, B. N. Zinc deficiency induces oxidative DNA damage and increases P53 expression in human lung fibroblasts. J. Nutr. 133, 2543\u20132548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/JN\/133.8.2543 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"46220_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/S12011-022-03126-5\/FIGURES\/5","volume":"201","author":"S El-Sonbaty","year":"2023","unstructured":"El-Sonbaty, S., Kandil, E. I. & Haroun, R. A. H. Assessment of the antitumor activity of green biosynthesized zinc nanoparticles as therapeutic agent against renal cancer in rats. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 201, 272\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S12011-022-03126-5\/FIGURES\/5 (2023).","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"46220_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES28124876\/S1","volume":"28","author":"S Gai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gai, S. et al. Anticancer activity and mode of action of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) complexes with 5-chloro-2-N-(2-quinolylmethylene)aminophenol. Molecules 28, 4876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES28124876\/S1 (2023).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"46220_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0073-9","volume":"19","author":"G Sgouros","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sgouros, G., Bodei, L., McDevitt, M. R. & Nedrow, J. R. Radiopharmaceutical therapy in cancer: Clinical advances and challenges. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 19, 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-020-0073-9 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"46220_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e236","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00030-5\/ASSET\/C3242BC4-2BFE-4013-A069-FDE628534E37\/MAIN.ASSETS\/GR2.JPG","volume":"25","author":"SE Lapi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lapi, S. E. et al. Recent advances and impending challenges for the radiopharmaceutical sciences in oncology. Lancet Oncol. 25, e236\u2013e249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00030-5\/ASSET\/C3242BC4-2BFE-4013-A069-FDE628534E37\/MAIN.ASSETS\/GR2.JPG (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"46220_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/S00259-021-05564-0\/FIGURES\/7","volume":"49","author":"F Borgna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Borgna, F. et al. Combination of terbium-161 with somatostatin receptor antagonists\u2014a potential paradigm shift for the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 49, 1113\u20131126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00259-021-05564-0\/FIGURES\/7 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"46220_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA2107322\/","volume":"385","author":"O Sartor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sartor, O. et al. Lutetium-177\u2013PSMA-617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 1091\u20131103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA2107322\/SUPPL_FILE\/NEJMOA2107322_DATA-SHARING.PDF (2021).\u00a0","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"46220_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34718","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA06296J","volume":"8","author":"M Gonz\u00e1lez Torres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez Torres, M. et al. Synthesis of gamma radiation-induced PEGylated cisplatin for cancer treatment. RSC Adv. 8, 34718\u201334725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C8RA06296J (2018).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"46220_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA2107322\/","volume":"385","author":"O Sartor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sartor, O. et al. Lutetium-177\u2013PSMA-617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 1091\u20131103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA2107322\/SUPPL_FILE\/NEJMOA2107322_DATA-SHARING.PDF (2021).\u00a0","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"46220_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.2967\/JNUMED.120.247197","volume":"62","author":"CS Cutler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cutler, C. S. et al. Global issues of radiopharmaceutical access and availability: A nuclear medicine global initiative project. J. Nucl. Med. 62, 422\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/JNUMED.120.247197 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"46220_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2013.11.122","volume":"85","author":"VN Starovoitova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Starovoitova, V. N., Tchelidze, L. & Wells, D. P. Production of medical radioisotopes with linear accelerators. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 85, 39\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apradiso.2013.11.122 (2014).","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"46220_CR25","unstructured":"Initiatives|Committee on State of Molybdenum-99 Production and Utilization and Progress Toward Eliminating Use of Highly Enriched Uranium | The National Academies Press. n.d. Accessed 2 May 2025. https:\/\/nap.nationalacademies.org\/initiative\/committee-on-state-of-molybdenum-99-production-and-utilization-and-progress-toward-eliminating-use-of-highly-enriched-uranium."},{"issue":"10","key":"46220_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-008-0883-1","volume":"35","author":"M Luster","year":"2008","unstructured":"Luster, M. et al. European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 35(10), 1941\u20131959 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"46220_CR27","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Nuclear Medicine Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students (IAEA, 2014)."},{"issue":"10","key":"46220_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.112.105148","volume":"53","author":"Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","year":"2012","unstructured":"Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. SNMMI practice guideline for therapy of thyroid disease with I-131. J. Nucl. Med. 53(10), 1633\u20131651 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"46220_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sgouros, G., Bodei, L., McDevitt, M. R. & Nedrow, J. R. Radiopharmaceutical therapy in cancer: clinical advances and challenges. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov n d https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-020-0073-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0073-9"},{"key":"46220_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110908","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RADPHYSCHEM.2023.110908","volume":"208","author":"Z Fatima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fatima, Z., Ali, N., Williams, M. A., Dhar, S. & Maqbool, M. X-ray scattering and attenuation cross-sections and coefficients of bone, brain, lung, fat, and soft tissue for applications in dosimetry, cancer detection, and treatment. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 208, 110908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.RADPHYSCHEM.2023.110908 (2023).","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"46220_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CLON.2016.11.002","volume":"29","author":"BJ Healy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Healy, B. J., van der Merwe, D., Christaki, K. E. & Meghzifene, A. Cobalt-60 machines and medical linear accelerators: Competing technologies for external beam radiotherapy. Clin. Oncol. 29, 110\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CLON.2016.11.002 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"46220_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1053\/CLON.1999.9087","volume":"11","author":"APS Sandhu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sandhu, A. P. S. et al. Interstitial Iridium-192 implantation for recurrent and\/or locally advanced head and neck cancer. Clin. Oncol. 11, 371\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/CLON.1999.9087 (1999).","journal-title":"Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"46220_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nath, R., Boyer, A. L., Riviere, P. D., La, McCall, R. C. & Price, K. W. Neutron measurements around high energy x-ray radiotherapy machines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37206\/18 (1986).","DOI":"10.37206\/18"},{"key":"46220_CR34","first-page":"127","volume":"4","author":"N Mohammadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mohammadi, N., Miri-Hakimabad, S. H. & Rafat-Motavalli, L. A Monte Carlo study for photoneutron dose estimations around the high-energy linacs. J. Biomed. Phys. Eng. 4, 127 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Phys. Eng."},{"key":"46220_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/JRR\/RRAB076","author":"N Banaee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banaee, N., Goodarzi, K. & Nedaie, H. A. Neutron contamination in radiotherapy processes: A review study. J. Radiat. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/JRR\/RRAB076 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"46220_CR36","first-page":"546","volume":"66","author":"EJ Hall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hall, E. J. & Giaccia, A. J. Radiobiology for the radiologist. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 66, 546 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"46220_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mosmann, T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J. Immunol. Methods 1983;65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4"},{"key":"46220_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3951","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(95)00072-I","volume":"184","author":"I Vermes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vermes, I., Haanen, C., Steffens-Nakken, H. & Reutellingsperger, C. A novel assay for apoptosis: Flow cytometric detection of phosphatidylserine expression on early apoptotic cells using fluorescein labelled Annexin V. J. Immunol. Methods. 184, 3951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-1759(95)00072-I (1995).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"46220_CR39","unstructured":"Flow Cytometry Catalog. Beckman Coultur (2018)."},{"key":"46220_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101031","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JRRAS.2024.101031","volume":"17","author":"MF Uddin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Uddin, M. F. et al. Photoneutron production mechanisms, their characteristics, and shielding strategies in high-energy linac environment: A review. J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci. 17, 101031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JRRAS.2024.101031 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"46220_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/JRR\/RRAB076","author":"N Banaee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banaee, N., Goodarzi, K. & Nedaie, H. A. Neutron contamination in radiotherapy processes: a review study. J. Radiat. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/JRR\/RRAB076 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"46220_CR42","unstructured":"Hall, E. J. & Giaccia, A. J. Radiobiology for the Radiologist 7th edn, Wolters Kluwer Health\/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. - References - Scientific Research Publishing n.d. (Accessed 4 January 2026). https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/reference\/referencespapers?referenceid=1205237 (2012)."},{"key":"46220_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/JMS.1206","volume":"42","author":"AA Ammann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ammann, A. A. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS): a versatile tool. J. Mass Spectrom. 42, 419\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JMS.1206 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"46220_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1148\/RADIOL.2017170346","volume":"286","author":"H Jadvar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jadvar, H., Chen, X., Cai, W. & Mahmood, U. Radiotheranostics in cancer diagnosis and management. Radiology 286, 388\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/RADIOL.2017170346 (2018).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"46220_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14528","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES190914528","volume":"19","author":"AA Rahman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rahman, A. A. et al. Tocotrienol-rich fraction, [6]-gingerol and epigallocatechin gallate inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of glioma cancer cells. Molecules 19, 14528\u201314541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES190914528 (2014).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"46220_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1101\/GAD.13.12.1501","volume":"13","author":"CJ Sherr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sherr, C. J. & Roberts, J. M. CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression. Genes Dev. 13, 1501\u20131512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/GAD.13.12.1501 (1999).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"46220_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1177\/1947601910392989","volume":"1","author":"DA Foster","year":"2010","unstructured":"Foster, D. A., Yellen, P., Xu, L. & Saqcena, M. Regulation of G1 cell cycle progression: Distinguishing the restriction point from a nutrient-sensing cell growth checkpoint(s). Genes Cancer. 1, 1124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1947601910392989 (2010).","journal-title":"Genes Cancer"},{"key":"46220_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc706","volume":"2","author":"MM Gottesman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gottesman, M. M., Fojo, T. & Bates, S. E. Multidrug resistance in cancer: Role of ATP\u2013dependent transporters. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2, 48\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrc706 (2002).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"46220_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0901-1028","volume":"7","author":"S Zhou","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhou, S. et al. The ABC transporter Bcrp1\/ABCG2 is expressed in a wide variety of stem cells and is a molecular determinant of the side-population phenotype. Nat. Med. 7, 1028\u20131034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm0901-1028 (2001).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"46220_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01368","volume":"421","author":"CJ Bakkenist","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bakkenist, C. J. & Kastan, M. B. DNA damage activates ATM through intermolecular autophosphorylation and dimer dissociation. Nature 421, 499\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature01368 (2003).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"46220_CR51","unstructured":"Ovid - Radiobiology for the Radiologist. | Wolters Kluwer n.d. Accessed 2 May 2025. https:\/\/www.wolterskluwer.com\/en\/solutions\/ovid\/radiobiology-for-the-radiologist-5009."},{"key":"46220_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1074\/JBC.R700039200","volume":"283","author":"MR Lieber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lieber, M. R. The mechanism of human nonhomologous DNA end joining. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/JBC.R700039200 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"46220_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7267","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08467","volume":"461","author":"SP Jackson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jackson, S. P. & Bartek, J. The DNA-damage response in human biology and disease. Nat. 2009. 461, 7267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature08467 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. 2009"},{"key":"46220_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009616228304","volume":"5","author":"HU Simon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Simon, H. U., Haj-Yehia, A. & Levi-Schaffer, F. Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction. Apoptosis 5, 415\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1009616228304 (2000).","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"46220_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.001","volume":"39","author":"M Valko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Valko, M. et al. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biology. 39, 44\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.07.001 (2007).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biology"},{"key":"46220_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1089\/ARS.2010.3534","volume":"15","author":"R Brigelius-Floh\u00e9","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brigelius-Floh\u00e9, R. & Floh\u00e9, L. Basic principles and emerging concepts in the redox control of transcription factors. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15, 2335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ARS.2010.3534 (2011).","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"46220_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joiner, M., van der Kogel, A. Basic Clinical Radiobiology, 4th edn 1\u2013361 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/B15450\/BASIC-CLINICAL-RADIOBIOLOGY-MICHAEL-JOINER-ALBERT-VAN-DER-KOGEL\/RIGHTS-AND-PERMISSIONS.","DOI":"10.1201\/B15450\/BASIC-CLINICAL-RADIOBIOLOGY-MICHAEL-JOINER-ALBERT-VAN-DER-KOGEL\/RIGHTS-AND-PERMISSIONS"},{"key":"46220_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30001","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1137\/abddae","volume":"45","author":"FG Kondev","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kondev, F. G., Wang, M., Huang, W. J., Naimi, S. & Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties. Chin Phys. C. 45, 30001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1674-1137\/abddae (2021).","journal-title":"Chin Phys. C"},{"key":"46220_CR59","unstructured":"NNDC | National Nuclear Data Center. n.d. Accessed 4 January 2026. https:\/\/www.nndc.bnl.gov\/."},{"key":"46220_CR60","unstructured":"Livechart - Table of Nuclides. - Nuclear structure and decay data n.d. Accessed 4 January 2026. https:\/\/www-nds.iaea.org\/relnsd\/vcharthtml\/VChartHTML.html."},{"key":"46220_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"030001","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1137\/ABDDAE","volume":"45","author":"FG Kondev","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kondev, F. G., Wang, M., Huang, W. J., Naimi, S. & Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties . Chin Phys. C 45, 030001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1674-1137\/ABDDAE (2021).","journal-title":"Chin Phys. C"},{"key":"46220_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA1607427","volume":"376","author":"J Strosberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strosberg, J. et al. Phase 3 Trial of 177Lu-Dotatate for Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors. N Engl. J. Med. 376, 125\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA1607427 (2017).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"46220_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5446","DOI":"10.3390\/MOLECULES27175446","volume":"27","author":"P Cruz-Nova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cruz-Nova, P. et al. 131I-C19 iodide radioisotope and synthetic I-C19 compounds as K-Ras4B\u2013PDE6\u03b4 inhibitors: A novel approach against colorectal cancer\u2014biological characterization, biokinetics and dosimetry. Molecules 27, 5446. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/MOLECULES27175446","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"46220_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/S11307-018-1285-9","volume":"21","author":"J Liang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liang, J. et al. SPECT imaging of treatment-related tumor necrosis using technetium-99m-labeled rhein. Mol. Imaging Biol. 21, 660\u2013668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11307-018-1285-9 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"46220_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3109\/00016926109175133","volume":"55","author":"R Thoraeus","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thoraeus, R. To cite this article: R. Thoraeus (1961) Cesium 137 and its gamma radiation in teleradiotherapy. Acta Radiol. 55, 385\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016926109175133 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Radiol."},{"key":"46220_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1007\/S00259-021-05559-X","volume":"49","author":"NG Quigley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Quigley, N. G. et al. PET\/CT imaging of head-and-neck and pancreatic cancer in humans by targeting the cancer integrin \u03b1v\u03b26 with Ga-68-trivehexin. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 49, 1136\u20131147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00259-021-05559-X (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"46220_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA2107322","volume":"385","author":"O Sartor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sartor, O. et al. Lutetium-177\u2013PSMA-617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 1091\u20131103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA2107322 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"46220_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607427","volume":"376","author":"J Strosberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strosberg, J. et al. NETTER-1 trial investigators. Phase 3 trial of 177Lu-dotatate for midgut neuroendocrine tumors. N Engl. J. Med. 376 (2), 125\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1607427 (2017).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"46220_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22538","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2015.12.003","volume":"46","author":"L Bodei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bodei, L., Kwekkeboom, D. J., Kidd, M., Modlin, I. M. & Krenning, E. P. Radiolabeled somatostatin analogue therapy of gastroenteropancreatic cancer. Semin. Nucl. Med. 46, 22538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2015.12.003 (2016).","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"46220_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/S41573-020-0073-9","volume":"19","author":"G Sgouros","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sgouros, G., Bodei, L., McDevitt, M. R. & Nedrow, J. R. Radiopharmaceutical therapy in cancer: clinical advances and challenges. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 19, 589\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41573-020-0073-9 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov"},{"key":"46220_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMOA1213755","volume":"369","author":"C Parker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parker, C. et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl. J. Med. 369, 213\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMOA1213755 (2013).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-46220-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-46220-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-46220-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,24]],"date-time":"2026-05-24T23:15:57Z","timestamp":1779664557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-46220-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["46220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-46220-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16081"}}