{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T13:41:30Z","timestamp":1789047690601,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003509","name":"\u00d6rebro University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to compare the outcomes of renal salvage (no nephrectomy) to nephrectomy patients with a penetrating American Association for the Surgery of Trauma\u2013Organ Injury Scale grade III or IV kidney injury. The 2013\u20132021 Trauma Quality Improvement Program dataset was queried for patients with a penetrating grade III or IV kidney injury who underwent laparotomy within 24\u00a0h of admission. The association between nephrectomy and binary outcomes was investigated using Poisson regression models, with results presented as a prevalence ratio (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 2,214 grade III and 2,669 grade IV kidney injuries were identified. 89% of grade III injuries and 54% of grade IV injuries were managed without nephrectomy. After adjustment for confounding, nephrectomy in patients with a grade III penetrating kidney injury was associated with an increased risk of mortality [adjusted PR (95% CI): 1.53 (1.06\u20132.20),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.023], complications [adjusted PR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.05\u20131.48),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.010], post-complication mortality [adjusted PR (95% CI): 1.80 (1.09\u20132.96),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.022], and ICU admission [adjusted PR (95% CI): 1.05 (1.00-1.11),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.046], compared to renal salvage. In patients with a grade IV penetrating kidney injury, nephrectomy was only associated with an increased risk of ICU admission [adjusted PR (95% CI): 1.06 (1.02\u20131.09),\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001], compared to renal salvage. Consequently, in patients with a grade III penetrating kidney injury, nephrectomy was associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Among patients with a grade IV injury, nephrectomy was associated only with an increased risk of ICU admission. However, given the potential for residual confounding, these findings should be interpreted with caution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-47007-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T12:06:24Z","timestamp":1777118784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contemporary management and outcomes of penetrating traumatic AAST\u2013OIS grade III and IV kidney injuries undergoing laparotomy: a Trauma Quality Improvement Program analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Micaela","family":"Gomez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian Peter","family":"Forssten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas P.","family":"Neff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lovisa","family":"Ekestubbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"AlHussaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Sarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7097-487X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahin","family":"Mohseni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"47007_CR1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"S Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh, S. & Sookraj, K. 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