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Although biomarker-based methods for detecting BBB dysfunctions have been established, sensitive spatial and quantitative imaging of low-grade, chronic BBB permeability changes remains limited. This study seeks to establish radiolabelled albumin as a sensitive radiotracer for visualizing and quantifying BBB dysfunction during chronic neuroinflammation. This study evaluated the utility of radiolabeled serum albumin ([\n                    <jats:sup>89<\/jats:sup>\n                    Zr]Zr-DFO-HSA) for assessing BBB permeability using co-registered PET and MR imaging in a transgenic mouse model of neuroinflammation mediated by IKK\/NF-\u03baB activation. PET and MRI revealed significantly increased radiotracer accumulation in the cerebellum of neuroinflammatory mice, corroborated by\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    analyses. Quantitative PET data revealed elevated intracerebral radiotracer concentrations over 24\u00a0h, even in the absence of morphological changes in histological evaluations. These findings emphasize the sensitivity of [\n                    <jats:sup>89<\/jats:sup>\n                    Zr]Zr-DFO-HSA in detecting early-stage BBB permeability changes prior to the onset of overt morphological damage or clinical symptoms. As a surrogate marker for macromolecular leakage, this non invasive imaging approach shows promise for advancing preclinical research into neuroinflammatory disorders and barrier dysfunctions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-47352-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T02:35:03Z","timestamp":1775788503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detection of inflammation-related blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction using PET and MR imaging: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7508-1030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colmar F.","family":"Hilbrig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Sievert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Halbgebauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Huber-Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambros J.","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Rasche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"L\u00f6ffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"47352_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2024.06.002","volume":"78","author":"S Kumari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumari, S. et al. 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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This study is reported in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines. All animal research reported in this manuscript adhered to ethical standards and was approved by the national authority (Regierungspr\u00e4sidium T\u00fcbingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) under the German Animal Experiments Act (ethical approval number 1375). The study procedures also complied with the Council Directive of the European Communities of September 22, 2010 (2010\/63\/EU). All applicable institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"12014"}}