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However, little is known about how female tendons adapt to these different loading demands. This study compared muscle\u2013tendon unit morphological and mechanical properties in athletes who regularly undergo either energy conservation (14 runners) or power modulation (eight netballers) activities. Static ultrasound was used to measure Achilles\u2019 and patellar tendon thickness, as well as the thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length of the gastrocnemii and vastus lateralis muscles. Achilles\u2019 tendon length and moment arm were also measured. Muscle\u2013tendon mechanical measures included plantar flexion and knee extension isometric strength, and Achilles\u2019 tendon elongation, strain, and stiffness. Netballers displayed significantly higher absolute tendon thickness (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004 for Achilles\u2019,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.021 for patellar), but not when normalised to body mass. Netballers also displayed significantly higher Achilles\u2019 tendon stiffness (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.046) and isometric plantar flexion and knee extension strength (both\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No differences were detected in any other measure of muscle or tendon morphology. The results of this study provide evidence that power modulation activities promote different muscle\u2013tendon unit properties to energy conservation activities in females, but that these adaptations may be body mass dependent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-47580-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T06:24:17Z","timestamp":1777011857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Muscle\u2013tendon properties of the female athlete: a comparison between \u201cpower modulation\u201d and \u201cenergy conservation\u201d training exposures"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Scott","family":"Newbould","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Dinsdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"47580_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.038588","volume":"214","author":"TJ Roberts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roberts, T. 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