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It has been listed as\u00a0\u201cLeast Concern\u201d\u00a0under the IUCN category.\u00a0Furthermore, no captured fishes were deployed for any live experimentation at laboratory conditions.\u00a0Gonads were directly dissected from those fishes which were being sold to the market for food purposes by the local fishermen. Freshly captured\/live fishes were sacrificed by anesthetizing with high dose of standard 2-phenoxyethanol (Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, SRL-India 500\u00a0\u00b5l\/L water) prior to dissecting the gonads. All fish handling and dissection were performed following the regulations provided by the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of the Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), Govt. of India in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines. This study was approved by Animal Ethics Committee of Dept. of Zoology HNG Garhwal University (HNBGU\/SRT\/Zool\/NKA\/2025\u201326\/59) and Institutional Review Board, School of Life Sciences, HNG Garhwal University (HNBGU\/SoLs\/2\u201325-26\/30).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"16932"}}