{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:20:10Z","timestamp":1784204410210,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Intracrine estrogen formation from adrenal precursors such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) plays a critical role in sustaining estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell proliferation, particularly in postmenopausal women. The sodium-dependent organic anion transporter (SOAT, gene symbol\n                    <jats:italic>SLC10A6<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) facilitates the cellular uptake of sulfated steroids, thereby making these precursors available for local estrogen biosynthesis. However, the impact of SOAT inhibition on intracrine estrogen metabolism in breast cancer remains unclear. We investigated the effects of pharmacological SOAT inhibition on SOAT-mediated DHEAS transport, cell proliferation and intracrine estradiol synthesis in SOAT-overexpressing MCF-7 breast cancer cells (MCF-7_SOAT). These MCF-7_SOAT cells were treated with the SOAT inhibitor S1647, as well as two newly synthesized derivatives (compounds 12 and 24) that exhibit enhanced selectivity and potency. DHEAS uptake and downstream steroid metabolism were quantified using LC\u2013MS\/MS, while DHEAS-induced cell proliferation was analyzed using [\u00b3H]thymidine incorporation. SOAT inhibition markedly reduced sodium-dependent DHEAS uptake, resulting in decreased intracellular estradiol synthesis and suppression of estrogen-dependent proliferation without cytotoxicity. These findings confirm that SOAT is a critical upstream regulator of intracrine estrogen biosynthesis in breast cancer cells and highlight compounds 12 and 24 as promising candidates for further preclinical development aimed at reducing local estrogen production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-47803-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T06:36:14Z","timestamp":1775802974000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel SOAT inhibitors block DHEAS transport and suppress proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0822-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre","family":"Karakus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Leiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Daude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5671-6575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wibke E.","family":"Diederich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2663-1858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Geyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"47803_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102365","volume":"67","author":"SK Ong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ong, S. K. et al. Feasibility of monitoring Global Breast Cancer Initiative Framework key performance indicators in 21 Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance member countries. EClinicalMedicine 67, 102365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102365 (2024).","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"47803_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30215-1","volume":"8","author":"E Heer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heer, E. et al. Global burden and trends in premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer: A population-based study. Lancet Glob. Health 8, e1027-e1037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30215-1 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"47803_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-023-07225-2","volume":"204","author":"KA Fletcher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fletcher, K. A., Alkurashi, M. H. & Lindsay, A. J. Endosomal recycling inhibitors downregulate estrogen receptor-alpha and synergise with endocrine therapies. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 204, 631\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10549-023-07225-2 (2024).","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"47803_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101253440407","volume":"344","author":"M Clemons","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clemons, M. & Goss, P. Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 276\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM200101253440407 (2001).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"47803_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.21.1.0386","volume":"21","author":"JG Liehr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liehr, J. G. Is estradiol a genotoxic mutagenic carcinogen?. Endocr. Rev. 21, 40\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/edrv.21.1.0386 (2000).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"47803_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-128x(02)00046-6","volume":"67","author":"A Purohit","year":"2002","unstructured":"Purohit, A. & Reed, M. J. Regulation of estrogen synthesis in postmenopausal women. Steroids 67, 979\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0039-128x(02)00046-6 (2002).","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"47803_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-43-4-785","volume":"43","author":"HU Schweikert","year":"1976","unstructured":"Schweikert, H. U., Milewich, L. & Wilson, J. D. Aromatization of androstenedione by cultured human fibroblasts. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 43, 785\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-43-4-785 (1976).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"47803_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-46-1-146","volume":"46","author":"C Longcope","year":"1978","unstructured":"Longcope, C., Pratt, J. H., Schneider, S. H. & Fineberg, S. E. Aromatization of androgens by muscle and adipose tissue in vivo. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 46, 146\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem-46-1-146 (1978).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"47803_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.92","volume":"6","author":"SX Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin, S. X. et al. Molecular therapy of breast cancer: Progress and future directions.. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 6, 485\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2010.92 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"47803_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.04.004","volume":"145","author":"KM McNamara","year":"2015","unstructured":"McNamara, K. M. & Sasano, H. The intracrinology of breast cancer.. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 145, 172\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.04.004 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"47803_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.06.001","volume":"145","author":"F Labrie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Labrie, F. All sex steroids are made intracellularly in peripheral tissues by the mechanisms of intracrinology after menopause.. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 145, 133\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.06.001 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"47803_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.17.1292","volume":"90","author":"SE Hankinson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hankinson, S. E. et al. Plasma sex steroid hormone levels and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 90, 1292\u20131299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/90.17.1292 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"47803_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1036","volume":"36","author":"JW Mueller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mueller, J. W., Gilligan, L. C., Idkowiak, J., Arlt, W. & Foster, P. A. The regulation of steroid action by sulfation and desulfation.. Endocr. Rev. 36, 526\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2015-1036 (2015).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"47803_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-0438","volume":"31","author":"AE Drummond","year":"2022","unstructured":"Drummond, A. E. et al. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Steroid Hormones, Part 2: The Effect of Sex Steroid Hormones on Breast Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 31, 28\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-0438 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"47803_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmv190","volume":"54","author":"E Kalogera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kalogera, E. et al. Bioanalytical LC-MS method for the quantification of plasma androgens and androgen glucuronides in breast cancer.. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 54, 583\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/chromsci\/bmv190 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. Sci."},{"key":"47803_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(89)90377-5","volume":"25","author":"JH Thijssen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thijssen, J. H. & Blankenstein, M. A. Endogenous oestrogens and androgens in normal and malignant endometrial and mammary tissues.. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 25, 1953\u20131959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0277-5379(89)90377-5 (1989).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"47803_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01187162","volume":"122","author":"LM Berstein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Berstein, L. M. et al. Aromatase in breast cancer tissue\u2013localization and relationship with reproductive status of patients. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 122, 495\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01187162 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"47803_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(86)90121-5","volume":"22","author":"A Vermeulen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Vermeulen, A. et al. Aromatase, 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and intratissular sex hormone concentrations in cancerous and normal glandular breast tissue in postmenopausal women. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 22, 515\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0277-5379(86)90121-5 (1986).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"47803_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/s0960-0760(03)00360-1","volume":"86","author":"ER Simpson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Simpson, E. R. Sources of estrogen and their importance. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 86, 225\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0960-0760(03)00360-1 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"47803_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/s1043-2760(00)00342-8","volume":"11","author":"F Labrie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Labrie, F., Luu-The, V., Lin, S. X., Simard, J. & Labrie, C. Role of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in sex steroid formation in peripheral intracrine tissues. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 11, 421\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1043-2760(00)00342-8 (2000).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"47803_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2021.111161","volume":"524","author":"TA Lightning","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lightning, T. A., Gesteira, T. F. & Mueller, J. W. Steroid disulfates - Sulfation double trouble. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 524, 111161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2021.111161 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"47803_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2023.106353","volume":"232","author":"PA Foster","year":"2023","unstructured":"Foster, P. A. & Mueller, J. W. New structural insights provide a different angle on steroid sulfatase action. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 232, 106353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2023.106353 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"47803_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4035","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0223","volume":"149","author":"PA Foster","year":"2008","unstructured":"Foster, P. A., Woo, L. W., Potter, B. V., Reed, M. J. & Purohit, A. The use of steroid sulfatase inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy against hormone-dependent endometrial cancer. Endocrinology 149, 4035\u20134042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2008-0223 (2008).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"47803_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.12-4-370","volume":"12","author":"SJ Stanway","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stanway, S. J. et al. Steroid sulfatase: A new target for the endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Oncologist 12, 370\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.12-4-370 (2007).","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"47803_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/s0039-128x(02)00064-8","volume":"67","author":"JC Le Bail","year":"2002","unstructured":"Le Bail, J. C., Lotfi, H., Charles, L., Pepin, D. & Habrioux, G. Conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate at physiological plasma concentration into estrogens in MCF-7 cells. Steroids 67, 1057\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0039-128x(02)00064-8 (2002).","journal-title":"Steroids"},{"key":"47803_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.07.004","volume":"34","author":"T Claro da Silva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Claro da Silva, T., Polli, J. E. & Swaan, P. W. The solute carrier family 10 (SLC10): Beyond bile acid transport. Mol. Aspects Med. 34, 252\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2012.07.004 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"key":"47803_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-006-0043-8","volume":"372","author":"J Geyer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Geyer, J., Wilke, T. & Petzinger, E. The solute carrier family SLC10: More than a family of bile acid transporters regarding function and phylogenetic relationships. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 372, 413\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-006-0043-8 (2006).","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"47803_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-003-1130-z","volume":"447","author":"B Hagenbuch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hagenbuch, B. & Dawson, P. The sodium bile salt cotransport family SLC10. Pflugers Arch. 447, 566\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-003-1130-z (2004).","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"47803_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.02.048","volume":"316","author":"J Geyer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Geyer, J., Godoy, J. R. & Petzinger, E. Identification of a sodium-dependent organic anion transporter from rat adrenal gland. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 316, 300\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.02.048 (2004).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"47803_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19728","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M702663200","volume":"282","author":"J Geyer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Geyer, J. et al. Cloning and functional characterization of human sodium-dependent organic anion transporter (SLC10A6). J. Biol. Chem. 282, 19728\u201319741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M702663200 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"47803_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.07.002","volume":"172","author":"J Geyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geyer, J. et al. The role of sulfated steroid hormones in reproductive processes. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 172, 207\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.07.002 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"47803_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00941","volume":"9","author":"E Karakus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karakus, E. et al. Estrone-3-sulfate stimulates the proliferation of T47D breast cancer cells stably transfected with the sodium-dependent organic anion transporter SOAT (SLC10A6). Front. Pharmacol. 9, 941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2018.00941 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"47803_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129926","author":"M Wannowius","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wannowius, M., Karakus, E., Akturk, Z., Breuer, J. & Geyer, J. Role of the sodium-dependent organic anion transporter (SOAT\/SLC10A6) in physiology and pathophysiology. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24129926 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"47803_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.03.028","volume":"428","author":"G Grosser","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grosser, G. et al. Identification of novel inhibitors of the steroid sulfate carrier \u201csodium-dependent organic anion transporter\u201d SOAT (SLC10A6) by pharmacophore modelling. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 428, 133\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2016.03.028 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"47803_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19342","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01743","volume":"67","author":"M Wannowius","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wannowius, M. et al. Structure-activity relationships and target selectivity of Phenylsulfonylamino-Benzanilide inhibitors based on S1647 at the SLC10 carriers ASBT, NTCP, and SOAT. J. Med. Chem. 67, 19342\u201319364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01743 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"47803_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031188","author":"E Karakus","year":"2025","unstructured":"Karakus, E., Schmid, A., Schaffler, A., Wudy, S. A. & Geyer, J. Intracrine formation of steroid hormones in breast cancer, epidermal keratinocyte, dermal fibroblast, and adipocyte cell lines measured by LC-MS\/MS. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26031188 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"47803_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062638","volume":"8","author":"D Fietz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fietz, D. et al. Membrane transporters for sulfated steroids in the human testis\u2013cellular localization, expression pattern and functional analysis. PLoS One 8, e62638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0062638 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"47803_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.09.013","volume":"179","author":"G Grosser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grosser, G. et al. Transport of steroid 3-sulfates and steroid 17-sulfates by the sodium-dependent organic anion transporter SOAT (SLC10A6). J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 179, 20\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.09.013 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"47803_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.09.017","volume":"179","author":"K Bakhaus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bakhaus, K. et al. The polymorphism L204F affects transport and membrane expression of the sodium-dependent organic anion transporter SOAT (SLC10A6). J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 179, 36\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.09.017 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"47803_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.09.004","volume":"179","author":"J Bennien","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bennien, J., Fischer, T. & Geyer, J. Rare genetic variants in the sodium-dependent organic anion transporter SOAT (SLC10A6): Effects on transport function and membrane expression. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 179, 26\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.09.004 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"47803_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.03.013","volume":"143","author":"H Schweigmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schweigmann, H. et al. Transport of the placental estriol precursor 16alpha-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (16alpha-OH-DHEAS) by stably transfected OAT4-, SOAT-, and NTCP-HEK293 cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 143, 259\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.03.013 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"47803_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.689757","volume":"8","author":"G Grosser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grosser, G., Muller, S. F., Kirstgen, M., Doring, B. & Geyer, J. Substrate specificities and inhibition pattern of the solute carrier family 10 members NTCP, ASBT and SOAT. Front. Mol. Biosci. 8, 689757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2021.689757 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"47803_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.09.099","volume":"21","author":"VJ Bardou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bardou, V. J., Arpino, G., Elledge, R. M., Osborne, C. K. & Clark, G. M. Progesterone receptor status significantly improves outcome prediction over estrogen receptor status alone for adjuvant endocrine therapy in two large breast cancer databases. J. Clin. Oncol. 21, 1973\u20131979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.2003.09.099 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"47803_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv221","volume":"26","author":"AS Coates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coates, A. S. et al. Tailoring therapies\u2013improving the management of early breast cancer: St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2015. Ann. Oncol. 26, 1533\u20131546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdv221 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"47803_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61074-1","volume":"386","author":"G Collaborative","year":"2015","unstructured":"Early Breast Cancer Trialists\u2019 & Collaborative, G. Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early breast cancer: patient-level meta-analysis of the randomised trials. Lancet 386, 1341\u20131352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61074-1 (2015).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"47803_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810818","volume":"361","author":"BIGC Group","year":"2009","unstructured":"Group, B. I. G. C. et al. Letrozole therapy alone or in sequence with tamoxifen in women with breast cancer. N Engl. J. Med. 361, 766\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0810818 (2009).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"47803_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.20.00113","volume":"16","author":"A Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta, A., Henry, N. L. & Loprinzi, C. L. Management of aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal symptoms. JCO Oncol. Pract. 16, 733\u2013739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/OP.20.00113 (2020).","journal-title":"JCO Oncol. Pract."},{"key":"47803_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr017","volume":"22","author":"P Hadji","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hadji, P. et al. Management of aromatase inhibitor-associated bone loss in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: Practical guidance for prevention and treatment. Ann. Oncol. 22, 2546\u20132555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/annonc\/mdr017 (2011).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"47803_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2008.04.001","volume":"17","author":"K Mok","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mok, K., Juraskova, I. & Friedlander, M. The impact of aromatase inhibitors on sexual functioning: Current knowledge and future research directions. Breast 17, 436\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.breast.2008.04.001 (2008).","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"47803_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01724.x","volume":"165","author":"M Roth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roth, M., Obaidat, A. & Hagenbuch, B. OATPs, OATs and OCTs: The organic anion and cation transporters of the SLCO and SLC22A gene superfamilies. Br. J. Pharmacol. 165, 1260\u20131287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01724.x (2012).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"47803_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.03.009","volume":"138","author":"G Grosser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grosser, G. et al. Cloning and functional characterization of the mouse sodium-dependent organic anion transporter Soat (Slc10a6). J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 138, 90\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.03.009 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"47803_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.101","volume":"105","author":"T Zaichuk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zaichuk, T., Ivancic, D., Scholtens, D., Schiller, C. & Khan, S. A. Tissue-specific transcripts of human steroid sulfatase are under control of estrogen signaling pathways in breast carcinoma. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 105, 76\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.101 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-47803-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-47803-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-47803-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:15:05Z","timestamp":1775812505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-47803-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["47803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-47803-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12016"}}