{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:42:36Z","timestamp":1793194956609,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":73,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-49071-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T08:54:49Z","timestamp":1780044889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Imperatorin restores behavioral and recognition memory deficits induced by REM sleep deprivation in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Mojtaba","family":"Ayati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Batool Ghorbani","family":"Yekta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"49071_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-021-00339-8","volume":"74","author":"S Vaseghi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vaseghi, S. et al. Modulating role of serotonergic signaling in sleep and memory.. Pharmacol. Rep. 74, 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43440-021-00339-8 (2022).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"49071_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-011-0430-z","volume":"13","author":"M Antunes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antunes, M. & Biala, G. The novel object recognition memory: Neurobiology, test procedure, and its modifications. Cogn. Process. 13, 93\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10339-011-0430-z (2012).","journal-title":"Cogn. Process."},{"key":"49071_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.11.007","volume":"155","author":"A Misrani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Misrani, A. et al. Citalopram prevents sleep-deprivation-induced reduction in CaMKII-CREB-BDNF signaling in mouse prefrontal cortex.. Brain Res. Bull. 155, 11\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2019.11.007 (2020).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"49071_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.06.030","volume":"292","author":"JF Morici","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morici, J. F., Bekinschtein, P. & Weisstaub, N. V. Medial prefrontal cortex role in recognition memory in rodents.. Behav. Brain Res. 292, 241\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.06.030 (2015).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"49071_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12661","volume":"27","author":"D Riemann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Riemann, D. Sleep hygiene, insomnia and mental health.. J. Sleep Res. 27, 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.12661 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"49071_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-04753-4","author":"G Lotfi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lotfi, G., Eslami, M., Gholami, M., Vaseghi, S. & Yekta, B. G. Exploring Crocin\u2019s role in alleviating memory impairments and depression-like behaviors induced by REM sleep deprivation, focusing on BDNF and GSK-3\u03b2 in male rats. Mol. Neurobiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-025-04753-4 (2025).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"49071_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101453","volume":"59","author":"KJ MacDonald","year":"2021","unstructured":"MacDonald, K. J. & Cote, K. A. Contributions of post-learning REM and NREM sleep to memory retrieval.. Sleep Med. Rev. 59, 101453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101453 (2021).","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"key":"49071_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114652","volume":"454","author":"H Diao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diao, H. et al. REM sleep deprivation induced by the modified multi-platform method has detrimental effects on memory: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Behav. Brain Res. 454, 114652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114652 (2023).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"49071_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24838","volume":"99","author":"S Giri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giri, S., Ranjan, A., Kumar, A., Amar, M. & Mallick, B. N. Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation impairs neuronal plasticity and reduces hippocampal neuronal arborization in male albino rats: Noradrenaline is involved in the process. J. Neurosci. Res. 99, 1815\u20131834 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"49071_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114704","volume":"456","author":"X Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng, X. et al. rTMS reduces spatial learning and memory deficits induced by sleep deprivation possibly via suppressing the expression of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 456, 114704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114704 (2024).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"49071_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-016-0197-3","volume":"9","author":"Y Peng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peng, Y. et al. Maternal sleep deprivation at different stages of pregnancy impairs the emotional and cognitive functions, and suppresses hippocampal long-term potentiation in the offspring rats. Mol Brain 9, 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13041-016-0197-3 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"key":"49071_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2024.173894","volume":"245","author":"M Gholami-Zanjanbar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gholami-Zanjanbar, M. et al. Synaptophysin and GSK-3beta activity in the prefrontal cortex may underlie the effects of REM sleep deprivation and lithium on behavioral functions and memory performance in male rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 245, 173894. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2024.173894 (2024).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"49071_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-018-3343-7","volume":"449","author":"S Manchanda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manchanda, S., Singh, H., Kaur, T. & Kaur, G. Low-grade neuroinflammation due to chronic sleep deprivation results in anxiety and learning and memory impairments. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 449, 63\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-018-3343-7 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"49071_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaab055","volume":"56","author":"S Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee, S. Naturally occurring consecutive sleep loss and day-to-day trajectories of affective and physical well-being. Ann. Behav. Med. 56, 393\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/abm\/kaab055 (2022).","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"49071_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2018.00014","volume":"12","author":"ME Gaine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaine, M. E., Chatterjee, S. & Abel, T. Sleep deprivation and the epigenome. Front. Neural Circuits 12, 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncir.2018.00014 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Neural Circuits"},{"key":"49071_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.031674.113","volume":"20","author":"TM Prince","year":"2013","unstructured":"Prince, T. M. & Abel, T. The impact of sleep loss on hippocampal function. Learn. Mem. 20, 558\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/lm.031674.113 (2013).","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"49071_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.02.005","volume":"44","author":"R Havekes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Havekes, R. & Abel, T. The tired hippocampus: The molecular impact of sleep deprivation on hippocampal function. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 44, 13\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2017.02.005 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"49071_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-022-01124-z","volume":"38","author":"S Vaseghi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vaseghi, S. et al. Intricate role of sleep deprivation in modulating depression: focusing on BDNF, VEGF, serotonin, cortisol, and TNF-alpha. Metab. Brain Dis. 38, 195\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-022-01124-z (2023).","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"49071_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2015.1131327","volume":"48","author":"K Schmitt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmitt, K., Holsboer-Trachsler, E. & Eckert, A. BDNF in sleep, insomnia, and sleep deprivation. Ann. Med. 48, 42\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/07853890.2015.1131327 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"49071_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03777-2","author":"S Hosseini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hosseini, S. et al. BDNF and GSK-3beta expression changes underlie the beneficial effects of crocin on behavioral alterations in a rat model of autism induced by prenatal valproic acid administration. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-024-03777-2 (2025).","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"49071_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.04.012","volume":"549","author":"SG Ghasemi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghasemi, S. G. et al. Ascorbic acid supplementation improves adolescent stress-induced cognitive impairment through restoration of behavioral, biochemical and electrophysiological alterations in male rats. Neuroscience 549, 55\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.04.012 (2024).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"49071_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.08.014","volume":"178","author":"MA Samizadeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samizadeh, M. A. et al. Sex difference alters the behavioral and cognitive performance in a rat model of schizophrenia induced by sub-chronic ketamine. J. Psychiatr. Res. 178, 180\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.08.014 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"49071_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S207339","volume":"11","author":"S Mahboubi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahboubi, S. et al. Benefit effect of REM-sleep deprivation on memory impairment induced by intensive exercise in male wistar rats: With respect to hippocampal BDNF and TrkB. Nat. Sci. Sleep 11, 179\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NSS.S207339 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"key":"49071_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03378.x","volume":"95","author":"J Ulloor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ulloor, J. & Datta, S. Spatio-temporal activation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein, activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein and brain-derived nerve growth factor: A mechanism for pontine-wave generator activation-dependent two-way active-avoidance memory processing in the rat. J. Neurochem. 95, 418\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03378.x (2005).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"49071_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2423","volume":"11","author":"A Khodaverdiloo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khodaverdiloo, A., Farhadi, M., Jameie, M., Jameie, S. B. & Pirhajati, V. Neurogenesis in the rat neonate\u2019s hippocampus with maternal short-term REM sleep deprivation restores by royal jelly treatment. Brain Behav. 11, e2423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.2423 (2021).","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"49071_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.21.1.127","volume":"21","author":"AJ Silva","year":"1998","unstructured":"Silva, A. J., Kogan, J. H., Frankland, P. W. & Kida, S. CREB and memory. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 21, 127\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.neuro.21.1.127 (1998).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"49071_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.06.003","volume":"292","author":"S Alijanpour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alijanpour, S., Rezayof, A., Sepehri, H. & Delphi, L. Alterations in the hippocampal phosphorylated CREB expression in drug state-dependent learning. Behav. Brain Res. 292, 109\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.06.003 (2015).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"49071_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.2174\/0115672050276594231229050906","volume":"20","author":"W Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma, W., Lu, K., Liang, H. M. & Zhang, J. Y. Synapsin 1 ameliorates cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in rats with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: An experimental and bioinformatics study. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 20, 648\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0115672050276594231229050906 (2023).","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"49071_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90400-6","volume":"79","author":"R Bourtchuladze","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bourtchuladze, R. et al. Deficient long-term memory in mice with a targeted mutation of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein. Cell 79, 59\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90400-6 (1994).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"49071_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30040848","author":"T Numakawa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Numakawa, T. & Kajihara, R. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor as an essential mediator in neuronal functions and the therapeutic potential of its mimetics for neuroprotection in neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Molecules https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30040848 (2025).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"49071_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S401271","volume":"15","author":"M Ditmer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ditmer, M., Gabryelska, A., Turkiewicz, S. & Sochal, M. Investigating the role of BDNF in insomnia: Current insights. Nat. Sci. Sleep. 15, 1045\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NSS.S401271 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep."},{"key":"49071_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.119101","volume":"338","author":"ZX Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu, Z. X. et al. AnMei decoction ameliorates cognitive impairment in rats with chronic sleep deprivation by mitigating hippocampal neuroinflammation and restoring synaptic architecture. J. Ethnopharmacol. 338, 119101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jep.2024.119101 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"49071_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073108","author":"EM Mosalam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mosalam, E. M., Atya, S. M., Mesbah, N. M., Allam, S. & Mehanna, E. T. Neuroprotective effects of cilomilast and chlorogenic acid against scopolamine-induced memory deficits via modulation of the cAMP\/PKA-CREB-BDNF pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26073108 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"49071_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02719-w","volume":"59","author":"AK Rana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rana, A. K., Sharma, S., Patial, V. & Singh, D. Lithium therapy subdues neuroinflammation to maintain pyramidal cells arborization and rescues neurobehavioural impairments in ovariectomized rats. Mol. Neurobiol. 59, 1706\u20131723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-021-02719-w (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"49071_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-024-06566-0","volume":"241","author":"N Abbasi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbasi, N. et al. Chronic REM sleep deprivation leads to manic- and OCD-related behaviors, and decreases hippocampal BDNF expression in female rats.. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 241, 1345\u20131363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-024-06566-0 (2024).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"49071_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lmot.2024.102060","volume":"88","author":"H Karimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karimi, H. et al. Crocin has a greater therapeutic role in the restoration of behavioral impairments caused by maternal social isolation in adolescent than in adult offspring probably through GSK-3beta downregulation. Learn. Motiv. 88, 102060 (2024).","journal-title":"Learn. Motiv."},{"key":"49071_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-09197-4","volume":"51","author":"M Moghadasi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moghadasi, M., Akbari, F. & Najafi, P. Interaction of aerobic exercise and crocin improves memory, learning and hypocampic tau and neurotrophins gene expression in rats treated with trimethytin as a model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol. Biol. Rep. 51, 111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-023-09197-4 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"49071_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lmot.2025.102095","volume":"89","author":"M Mohamadian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mohamadian, M. et al. Crocin facilitates the effect of fear extinction on freezing behavior and BDNF level in a rat model of fear-conditioning. Learn. Motiv. 89, 102095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lmot.2025.102095 (2025).","journal-title":"Learn. Motiv."},{"key":"49071_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000514548","volume":"28","author":"G Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, G., Sun, Y. & Liu, F. Curcumin reduces neuroinflammation and improves the impairments of anesthetics on learning and memory by regulating the expression of miR-181a-5p. Neuroimmunomodulation 28, 38\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000514548 (2021).","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"49071_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.22037\/ijpr.2020.1101210","volume":"19","author":"N Goudarzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goudarzi, N. et al. Pharmacological evidences for curcumin neuroprotective effects against lead-induced neurodegeneration: Possible role of Akt\/GSK3 signaling pathway. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 19, 494\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22037\/ijpr.2020.1101210 (2020).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"49071_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03430-x","volume":"46","author":"A Afzal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Afzal, A. et al. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in reversing the depression and associated pseudodementia via modulating stress hormone, hippocampal neurotransmitters, and BDNF levels in rats. Neurochem. Res. 46, 3273\u20133285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-021-03430-x (2021).","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"49071_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5469","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S280443","volume":"14","author":"L Zou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zou, L. et al. Naringenin prevents propofol induced neurodegeneration in neonatal mice brain and long-term neurocognitive impacts on adults. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 14, 5469\u20135482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S280443 (2020).","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"49071_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4411316","volume":"2021","author":"MA Kandeil","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kandeil, M. A. et al. Nanonaringenin and vitamin E ameliorate some behavioral, biochemical, and brain tissue alterations induced by nicotine in rats. J. Toxicol. 2021, 4411316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/4411316 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Toxicol."},{"key":"49071_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001997","volume":"35","author":"L Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, L. et al. Imperatorin inhibits oxidative stress injury and neuroinflammation via the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway in the MPTP-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease mouse. Neuroreport 35, 175\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001997 (2024).","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"49071_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.04.018","volume":"110","author":"AA Chowdhury","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chowdhury, A. A., Gawali, N. B., Shinde, P., Munshi, R. & Juvekar, A. R. Imperatorin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide induced memory deficit by mitigating proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and modulating brain-derived neurotropic factor. Cytokine 110, 78\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.04.018 (2018).","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"49071_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6692","volume":"34","author":"XX Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng, X. X. et al. Imperatorin ameliorates learning and memory deficits through BDNF\/TrkB and ERK\/CaMKIIalpha\/CREB signaling in prenatally-stressed female offspring. Phytother Res. 34, 2408\u20132418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.6692 (2020).","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"49071_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.03.027","volume":"85","author":"JJ Luszczki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Luszczki, J. J. et al. Anticonvulsant and acute neurotoxic effects of imperatorin, osthole and valproate in the maximal electroshock seizure and chimney tests in mice: A comparative study. Epilepsy Res 85, 293\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2009.03.027 (2009).","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"49071_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3728-6","volume":"232","author":"B Budzynska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Budzynska, B. et al. Effects of imperatorin on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 232, 931\u2013942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-014-3728-6 (2015).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"49071_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.10.036","volume":"441","author":"S Sigurdsson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sigurdsson, S. & Gudbjarnason, S. Effect of oral imperatorin on memory in mice. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 441, 318\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.10.036 (2013).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"49071_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2014.04.006","volume":"8","author":"Y Cao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, N. & He, L. Antioxidant effect of imperatorin from Angelica dahurica in hypertension via inhibiting NADPH oxidase activation and MAPK pathway. J. Am. Soc. Hypertens. 8, 527\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jash.2014.04.006 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Hypertens."},{"key":"49071_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21298-x","volume":"13","author":"X Liao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liao, X. et al. Imperatorin exerts antioxidant effects in vascular dementia via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Sci. Rep. 13, 5595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-21298-x (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"49071_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041179","author":"J Kowalczyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kowalczyk, J. et al. Imperatorin influences depressive-like behaviors: A preclinical study on behavioral and neurochemical sex differences. Molecules https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27041179 (2022).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"49071_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.07.007","volume":"90","author":"N Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, N., Wu, L., Cao, Y., Wang, Y. & Zhang, Y. The protective activity of imperatorin in cultured neural cells exposed to hypoxia re-oxygenation injury via anti-apoptosis. Fitoterapia 90, 38\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fitote.2013.07.007 (2013).","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"49071_CR54","unstructured":"National Research Council Committee for the Update of the Guide for the, C. & Use of Laboratory, A. In Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Academies Press (US) Copyright \u00a9 2011, National Academy of Sciences, 2011)."},{"key":"49071_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010783","author":"M Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, M. et al. Imperatorin improves obesity-induced cardiac sympathetic nerve injury mediated by P2X4 receptor in stellate sympathetic ganglion. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24010783 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"49071_CR56","first-page":"2855","volume":"43","author":"N Yassaa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yassaa, N. et al. Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the bioactive compounds from the leaves of Ferulago trifida Boiss. Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 43, 2855\u20132865 (2024).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"49071_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(74)90018-5","volume":"2","author":"WB Mendelson","year":"1974","unstructured":"Mendelson, W. B., Guthrie, R. D., Frederick, G. & Wyatt, R. J. The flower pot technique of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2, 553\u2013556 (1974).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"49071_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(99)00181-X","volume":"68","author":"D Suchecki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Suchecki, D. & Tufik, S. Social stability attenuates the stress in the modified multiple platform method for paradoxical sleep deprivation in the rat. Physiol. Behav. 68, 309\u2013316 (2000).","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"49071_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.01.019","volume":"1004","author":"RB Machado","year":"2004","unstructured":"Machado, R. B., Hip\u00f3lide, D. C., Benedito-Silva, A. A. & Tufik, S. Sleep deprivation induced by the modified multiple platform technique: Quantification of sleep loss and recovery. Brain Res. 1004, 45\u201351 (2004).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"49071_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2020.1829939","volume":"8","author":"FLT Shang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shang, F. L. T. et al. Independent effects of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation and exposure to environmental heat stress on aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats. Temperature 8, 188\u2013201 (2021).","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"49071_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.03.006","volume":"433","author":"BZ Javad-Moosavi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Javad-Moosavi, B. Z., Nasehi, M., Vaseghi, S., Jamaldini, S. H. & Zarrindast, M. R. Activation and inactivation of nicotinic receptnors in the dorsal hippocampal region restored negative effects of total (TSD) and REM sleep deprivation (RSD) on memory acquisition, locomotor activity and pain perception. Neuroscience 433, 200\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.03.006 (2020).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"49071_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.32598\/bcn.9.10.505","volume":"11","author":"MA Rajizadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajizadeh, M. A., Esmaeilpour, K., Motamedy, S., Mohtashami Borzadaranb, F. & Sheibani, V. Cognitive impairments of sleep-deprived ovariectomized (OVX) female rats by voluntary exercise. Basic Clin. Neurosci. J. 11, 573\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32598\/bcn.9.10.505 (2020).","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Neurosci. J."},{"key":"49071_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.01.019","volume":"1004","author":"RB Machado","year":"2004","unstructured":"Machado, R. B., Hipolide, D. C., Benedito-Silva, A. A. & Tufik, S. Sleep deprivation induced by the modified multiple platform technique: Quantification of sleep loss and recovery. Brain Res. 1004, 45\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.01.019 (2004).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"49071_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2019.0092","volume":"10","author":"M Nollet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nollet, M., Wisden, W. & Franks, N. P. Sleep deprivation and stress: A reciprocal relationship. Interface Focus 10, 20190092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsfs.2019.0092 (2020).","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"key":"49071_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(88)90157-X","volume":"31","author":"A Ennaceur","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ennaceur, A. & Delacour, J. A new one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in rats. 1: Behavioral data. Behav. Brain. Res. 31, 47\u201359 (1988).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain. Res."},{"key":"49071_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040970","author":"D Romero-Miguel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Romero-Miguel, D. et al. Maternal supplementation with N-acetylcysteine modulates the microbiota-gut-brain axis in offspring of the poly I:C rat model of schizophrenia. Antioxidants (Basel) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12040970 (2023).","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"49071_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1037\/h0071444","volume":"18","author":"CS Hall","year":"1934","unstructured":"Hall, C. S. Emotional behavior in the rat. I. Defecation and urination as measures of individual differences in emotionality. J. Comp. Psychol. 18, 385 (1934).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Psychol."},{"key":"49071_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.83.3.482","volume":"83","author":"RN Walsh","year":"1976","unstructured":"Walsh, R. N. & Cummins, R. A. The open-field test: A critical review. Psychol. Bull. 83, 482 (1976).","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"49071_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2024.114718","volume":"287","author":"N Talaee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Talaee, N., Azad Yekta, M. & Vaseghi, S. New insights into individual differences in response to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rats with respect to hippocampal BDNF and GSK3-\u03b2 expression levels. Physiol. Behav. 287, 114718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2024.114718 (2024).","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"49071_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000813","author":"E Jasemi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jasemi, E., Razmi, A., Vaseghi, S., Amiri, S. & Najafi, S. M. A. The effect of Psilocybe cubensis alkaloids on depressive-like behavior in mice exposed to maternal separation with respect to hippocampal gene expression and DNA methylation of Slc6a4 and Nr3c1. Behav. Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000813 (2025).","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"49071_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(78)90118-8","volume":"47","author":"RD Porsolt","year":"1978","unstructured":"Porsolt, R. D., Anton, G., Blavet, N. & Jalfre, M. Behavioural despair in rats: A new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 47, 379\u2013391 (1978).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"49071_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2147\/JEP.S407906","volume":"15","author":"AV KrishnaRaju","year":"2023","unstructured":"KrishnaRaju, A. V., Somepalli, V., Thanawala, S. & Shah, R. Efficacy and anti-inflammatory activity of Ashwagandha sustained-release formulation on depression and anxiety induced by chronic unpredictable stress: In vivo and in vitro studies. J Exp Pharmacol 15, 291\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JEP.S407906 (2023).","journal-title":"J Exp Pharmacol"},{"key":"49071_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310413","author":"TB Shivanandappa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shivanandappa, T. B. et al. Phoenix dactylifera (Ajwa Dates) alleviate LPS-induced sickness behaviour in rats by attenuating proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the brain. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241310413 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"49071_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12333","volume":"6","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmed, A. et al. Combination of Shengmai San and Radix puerariae ameliorates depression-like symptoms in diabetic rats at the nexus of PI3K\/BDNF\/SYN protein expression. Anim. Models Exp. Med. 6, 211\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ame2.12333 (2023).","journal-title":"Anim. Models Exp. Med."},{"key":"49071_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103656","volume":"30","author":"AM Alghamdi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alghamdi, A. M. et al. Rosinidin inhibits NF-\u03baB\/ Nrf2\/caspase-3 expression and restores neurotransmitter levels in rotenone-activated Parkinson\u2019s disease. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 30, 103656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjbs.2023.103656 (2023).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"49071_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/24705470231164920","volume":"7","author":"BS Reive","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reive, B. S. et al. Intravenous Reelin treatment rescues atrophy of spleen white pulp and correlates to rescue of forced swim test immobility and neurochemical alterations induced by chronic stress. Chronic Stress 7, 24705470231164920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/24705470231164920 (2023).","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"key":"49071_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043828","author":"D Hen-Shoval","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hen-Shoval, D. et al. Cannabinoid receptor 2 blockade prevents anti-depressive-like effect of cannabidiol acid methyl ester in female WKY rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24043828 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"49071_CR78","first-page":"2020","volume":"2013","author":"W Underwood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Underwood, W. & Anthony, R. AVMA guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2020 edition. Retrieved Mar. 2013, 2020\u20132021 (2020).","journal-title":"Retrieved Mar."},{"key":"49071_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj114","volume":"16","author":"I Akirav","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akirav, I. & Maroun, M. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex is obligatory for consolidation and reconsolidation of object recognition memory. Cereb. Cortex 16, 1759\u20131765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhj114 (2006).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"49071_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2400743122","volume":"122","author":"MO Harrington","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harrington, M. O. et al. Memory control deficits in the sleep-deprived human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 122, e2400743122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2400743122 (2025).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"49071_CR81","unstructured":"Bustin, S. A. et al. (Oxford University Press, 2009)."},{"key":"49071_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","volume":"55","author":"SA Bustin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bustin, S. A. et al. The MIQE guidelines: Minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments. Clin. Chem. 55, 611\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"49071_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-024-03069-9","author":"S Nasseri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nasseri, S., Hajrasouliha, S., Vaseghi, S. & Ghorbani Yekta, B. Interaction effect of crocin and citalopram on memory and locomotor activity in rats: An insight into BDNF and synaptophysin levels in the hippocampus. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-024-03069-9 (2024).","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"49071_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115010","volume":"299","author":"AE Sajadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sajadi, A. E., Yekta, M. A. & Vaseghi, S. Sex differences in the effect of chronic REM sleep deprivation and extinction learning on freezing behavior and BDNF and GSK-3\u03b2 expression levels in a rat model of fear conditioning. Physiol. Behav. 299, 115010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115010 (2025).","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"49071_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115879","volume":"497","author":"C Niu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Niu, C., Zhang, R., Zhang, C., Liu, C. & Wu, Z. Progesterone attenuates depression-like behaviors in chronic unpredictable stress via suppression of neuroinflammation. Behav. Brain Res. 497, 115879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2025.115879 (2026).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"49071_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-898x.6.3.236","volume":"6","author":"Y Harrison","year":"2000","unstructured":"Harrison, Y. & Horne, J. A. The impact of sleep deprivation on decision making: A review. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 6, 236\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1076-898x.6.3.236 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Appl."},{"key":"49071_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-444-53702-7.00007-5","volume":"185","author":"WD Killgore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Killgore, W. D. Effects of sleep deprivation on cognition. Prog Brain Res. 185, 105\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-444-53702-7.00007-5 (2010).","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res."},{"key":"49071_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2648","volume":"10","author":"AF Arnsten","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arnsten, A. F. Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10, 410\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2648 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"49071_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3505","volume":"14","author":"B Lu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lu, B., Nagappan, G., Guan, X., Nathan, P. J. & Wren, P. BDNF-based synaptic repair as a disease-modifying strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 14, 401\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3505 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"49071_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(02)00828-0","volume":"35","author":"BE Lonze","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lonze, B. E. & Ginty, D. D. Function and regulation of CREB family transcription factors in the nervous system. Neuron 35, 605\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0896-6273(02)00828-0 (2002).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"49071_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2651","volume":"10","author":"B Roozendaal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roozendaal, B., McEwen, B. S. & Chattarji, S. Stress, memory and the amygdala. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10, 423\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2651 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"49071_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3728-6","volume":"232","author":"B Budzynska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Budzynska, B. et al. Effects of imperatorin on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in mice. Psychopharmacology 232, 931\u2013942 (2015).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"49071_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6692","volume":"34","author":"XX Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng, X. X. et al. Imperatorin ameliorates learning and memory deficits through BDNF\/TrkB and ERK\/CaMKII\u03b1\/CREB signaling in prenatally-stressed female offspring. Phytother. Res. 34, 2408\u20132418 (2020).","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"49071_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(00)00014-2","volume":"24","author":"LP Spear","year":"2000","unstructured":"Spear, L. P. The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 24, 417\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0149-7634(00)00014-2 (2000).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"49071_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.75704","volume":"11","author":"KA Paller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Paller, K. A. & Voss, J. L. Memory reactivation and consolidation during sleep. Learn. Mem. 11, 664\u2013670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/lm.75704 (2004).","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"49071_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.01.621588","author":"EA McDevitt","year":"2024","unstructured":"McDevitt, E. A., Kim, G., Turk-Browne, N. B. & Norman, K. A. The role of REM sleep in neural differentiation of memories in the hippocampus. bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.11.01.621588 (2024).","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"49071_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010419-050815","volume":"72","author":"KA Paller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paller, K. A., Creery, J. D. & Schechtman, E. Memory and sleep: How sleep cognition can change the waking mind for the better. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 72, 123\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-010419-050815 (2021).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"49071_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11987","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182178199","volume":"99","author":"S Fischer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fischer, S., Hallschmid, M., Elsner, A. L. & Born, J. Sleep forms memory for finger skills. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99, 11987\u201311991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.182178199 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"49071_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(94)90008-6","volume":"15","author":"W Wetzel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wetzel, W., Balschun, D., Janke, S., Vogel, D. & Wagner, T. Effects of CLIP (corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide) and CLIP fragments on paradoxical sleep in rats. Peptides 15, 237\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0196-9781(94)90008-6 (1994).","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"49071_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2886-9","volume":"75","author":"DG Almeida-Filho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almeida-Filho, D. G., Queiroz, C. M. & Ribeiro, S. Memory corticalization triggered by REM sleep: Mechanisms of cellular and systems consolidation. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 75, 3715\u20133740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-018-2886-9 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"49071_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.09.018","volume":"189","author":"A Noorafshan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Noorafshan, A., Karimi, F., Kamali, A. M., Karbalay-Doust, S. & Nami, M. Restorative effects of curcumin on sleep-deprivation induced memory impairments and structural changes of the hippocampus in a rat model. Life Sci. 189, 63\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.09.018 (2017).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"49071_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.04.007","volume":"133","author":"MP Walker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Walker, M. P., Stickgold, R., Alsop, D., Gaab, N. & Schlaug, G. Sleep-dependent motor memory plasticity in the human brain. Neuroscience 133, 911\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.04.007 (2005).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"49071_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00132","volume":"10","author":"S Soto-Rodriguez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soto-Rodriguez, S. et al. Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation produces long-term detrimental effects in spatial memory and modifies the cellular composition of the subgranular zone. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 10, 132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2016.00132 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"49071_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.11.003","volume":"535","author":"S Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng, S. et al. Altered functional connectivity in working memory network after acute sleep deprivation. Neuroscience 535, 158\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.11.003 (2023).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"49071_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000757","author":"M Houshyar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Houshyar, M., Karimi, H., Ghofrani-Jahromi, Z., Nouri, S. & Vaseghi, S. Crocin (bioactive compound of Crocus sativus L.) potently restores REM sleep deprivation-induced manic- and obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors in female rats. Behav. Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000757 (2024).","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"49071_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04874.x","volume":"24","author":"A Ishikawa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ishikawa, A. et al. Selective rapid eye movement sleep deprivation impairs the maintenance of long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus. Eur. J. Neurosci. 24, 243\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04874.x (2006).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"49071_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu310","volume":"26","author":"P Ravassard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ravassard, P. et al. REM sleep-dependent bidirectional regulation of hippocampal-based emotional memory and LTP. Cereb. Cortex 26, 1488\u20131500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhu310 (2016).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"49071_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115010","volume":"299","author":"AE Sajadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sajadi, A. E., Yekta, M. A. & Vaseghi, S. Sex differences in the effect of chronic REM sleep deprivation and extinction learning on freezing behavior and BDNF and GSK-3\u03b2 expression levels in a rat model of fear conditioning. Physiol. Behav. 115010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2025.115010 (2025).","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"49071_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00389","volume":"8","author":"VC Rossi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rossi, V. C. et al. Effects of sleep deprivation on different phases of memory in the rat: Dissociation between contextual and tone fear conditioning tasks.. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 8, 389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00389 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"49071_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.07.013","volume":"90","author":"TA Alvarenga","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alvarenga, T. A. et al. Paradoxical sleep deprivation impairs acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval of a discriminative avoidance task in rats.. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 90, 624\u2013632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.07.013 (2008).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"49071_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2004.04.005","volume":"82","author":"RH Silva","year":"2004","unstructured":"Silva, R. H. et al. Effects of pre- or post-training paradoxical sleep deprivation on two animal models of learning and memory in mice.. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 82, 90\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nlm.2004.04.005 (2004).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"49071_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.2.227","volume":"32","author":"P Ravassard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ravassard, P. et al. Paradoxical (REM) sleep deprivation causes a large and rapidly reversible decrease in long-term potentiation, synaptic transmission, glutamate receptor protein levels, and ERK\/MAPK activation in the dorsal hippocampus.. Sleep 32, 227\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/32.2.227 (2009).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"49071_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-021-01094-7","volume":"18","author":"SM Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, S. M. et al. REM sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory by decreasing brain O-GlcNAc cycling in mouse.. Neurotherapeutics 18, 2504\u20132517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-021-01094-7 (2021).","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"49071_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174027","volume":"252","author":"M Payamani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Payamani, M. et al. Different protocols of REM sleep deprivation led to controversial effects on OCD- and anxiety-like behaviors and locomotor activity in fear conditioning male and female rats with respect to BDNF expression level.. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 252, 174027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2025.174027 (2025).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"49071_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6460","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5018-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"J Luo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luo, J., Phan, T. X., Yang, Y., Garelick, M. G. & Storm, D. R. Increases in cAMP, MAPK activity, and CREB phosphorylation during REM sleep: Implications for REM sleep and memory consolidation.. J. Neurosci. 33, 6460\u20136468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5018-12.2013 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"49071_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.115287","volume":"575","author":"R Guzman-Marin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guzman-Marin, R. et al. Suppression of hippocampal plasticity-related gene expression by sleep deprivation in rats.. J. Physiol. 575, 807\u2013819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.115287 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"49071_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.01.067","volume":"569","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. BMAL1 rescued the hippocampus-dependent recognition memory induced by sleep deprivation. Neuroscience 569, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.01.067 (2025).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"49071_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.07.002","author":"YZ Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, Y. Z. et al. Low-intensity millimeter waves ameliorate cognitive impairment induced by chronic REM sleep deprivation in rats by regulating CaMKII-CREB-BDNF pathway. Neuroscience https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.07.002 (2025).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"49071_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2021.101728","volume":"75","author":"P Prasartthong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prasartthong, P. et al. Imperatorin attenuates cardiac remodelling and dysfunction in high-fat\/high-fructose diet-fed rats by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and Nrf-2 expression. Tissue Cell 75, 101728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2021.101728 (2022).","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"49071_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-012-9495-9","volume":"35","author":"W Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo, W. et al. Imperatorin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation by suppressing NF-kappaB and MAPKs activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Inflammation 35, 1764\u20131772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-012-9495-9 (2012).","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"49071_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000778","volume":"28","author":"Y Cao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cao, Y. et al. Antidepressive-like effect of imperatorin from Angelica dahurica in prenatally stressed offspring rats through 5-hydroxytryptamine system. Neuroreport 28, 426\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000778 (2017).","journal-title":"Neuroreport"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49071-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49071-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49071-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T23:29:16Z","timestamp":1786318156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49071-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["49071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-49071-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experimental protocols were approved by Research Ethics Committees of Laboratory Animals - Islamic Azad University, Iran (Approval ID: IR.IAU.AEC.1404.022). All methods are reported in accordance with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"24610"}}