{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:29:41Z","timestamp":1786116581939,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":71,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-49271-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T08:24:57Z","timestamp":1779870297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of woody plants in carbon sequestration: evidence from Sulula Mofa Forest, Northern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hussen","family":"Yimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4559-3527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonfa","family":"Kewessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2353-3315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siraj","family":"Mammo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"49271_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.09.003","volume":"127","author":"M Siraj","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siraj, M. Forest carbon stocks in woody plants of Chilimo-Gaji Forest, Ethiopia: Implications of managing forests for climate change mitigation. South. Afr. J. Bot. 127, 213\u2013219 (2019).","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. Bot."},{"issue":"3","key":"49271_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-004-1598-z","volume":"140","author":"S Vieira","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vieira, S. et al. Forest structure and carbon dynamics in Amazonian tropical rain forest. Oecologia 140 (3), 468\u2013479 (2004).","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"49271_CR3","unstructured":"FAO. Rome. State of the World\u2019s Forests (Enhancing the Socioeconomic Benefits from Forests, 2014)."},{"key":"49271_CR4","unstructured":"MEA. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Our Human Planet: Summary for Decision Makers (The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Series, 2005)."},{"issue":"3","key":"49271_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-025-01157-0","volume":"99","author":"S Mammo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mammo, S. & Dereje, Y. Woody species diversity of homegarden agroforestry and their contribution to livelihoods improvement in Dendi District, Central Ethiopia. Agroforest Syst. 99 (3), 59 (2025).","journal-title":"Agroforest Syst."},{"key":"49271_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40011-016-0712-4","volume":"88","author":"M Siraj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siraj, M. et al. Does participatory forest management save the remnant forest in Ethiopia? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B: Biol. Sci. 88, 1\u201314 (2018).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India Sect. B: Biol. Sci."},{"key":"49271_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Justine, M. F. et al. Biomass Stock and Carbon Sequestration in a Chronosequence of Pinus massoniana Plantations in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River 3668 (Forests, 2015).","DOI":"10.3390\/f6103665"},{"key":"49271_CR8","unstructured":"UNFCCC. Report on the review of the report to facilitate the calculation of the assigned amount for the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol of Romania. (2017). 12 to 17 September 2016 in Bonn, Germany: FCCC\/IRR\/2016\/ROU."},{"key":"49271_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2622758","author":"R Goodman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goodman, R. & Herold, M. Why maintaining tropical forests is essential and urgent for a stable climate. SSRN J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2622758 (2014).","journal-title":"SSRN J."},{"key":"49271_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8385","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-10-8385-2013","volume":"10","author":"MO Hunter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hunter, M. O., Keller, M., Victoria, D. & Morton, D. C. Tree height and tropical forest biomass estimation. Biogeosciences 10, 8385\u20138399 (2013).","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"49271_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girmay, G., Singh, B. R., Nyssen, J. & Borrosen, T. Runoff and sediment-associated nutrient losses under different land uses in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia (Journal of Hydrology, 2008).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2009.07.066"},{"key":"49271_CR12","unstructured":"Ensslin, A. et al. Effects of topography on vegetation and carbon dynamics in mountain forests (Global Change Biology, 2015)."},{"key":"49271_CR13","unstructured":"Vashum, K. T. & Jayakumar, S. Methods to estimate above-ground biomass and carbon stock in natural forests \u2013 A review (Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography, 2012)."},{"key":"49271_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.844","volume":"19","author":"G Girmay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Girmay, G., Singh, B. R., Mitiku, H., Borresen, T. & Lal, R. Carbon stocks in Ethiopian soils in relation to land use and soil management. Land. Degrad. Dev. 19, 351\u2013367 (2008). [CrossRef].","journal-title":"Land. Degrad. Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"49271_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2005.00955.x","volume":"11","author":"RA Houghton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Houghton, R. A. Aboveground forest biomass and the global carbon balance. Glob. Change Biol. 11 (6), 945\u2013958 (2005).","journal-title":"Glob. Change Biol."},{"key":"49271_CR16","unstructured":"Roe, D., Seddon, N. & Elliott, J. Biodiversity loss is a development issue: a rapid review of evidence (IIED, 2019). IIED Issue Paperhttp:\/\/pubs.iied.org\/17636IIED"},{"key":"49271_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2015.07.011","author":"MSI Sohel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sohel, M. S. I., Alamgir, M., Akhter, S. & Rahman, M. Carbon storage in a bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) plantation in the degraded tropical forests: implications for policy development. Land. Use Policy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landusepol.2015.07.011 (2015).","journal-title":"Land. Use Policy"},{"key":"49271_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scholte, P. Atlas of the Potential Vegetation of Ethiopia. Ib Friis, Sebsebe Demissew & Paulovan Breugel. Copenhagen: The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters in Biologiske Skrifter 58. 2010. 307 pp. including 29 colour map plates (1:2 000 000). 0366 3612. 400 DKK (approx. \u00a346) paperback. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 69(1), 207\u2013209. (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0960428611000448","DOI":"10.1017\/s0960428611000448"},{"key":"49271_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12249","volume":"28","author":"M Di Marco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Di Marco, M. et al. A retrospective evaluation of the global decline of carnivores and ungulates. Conserv. Biol. 28, 1109\u20131111 (2014).","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"49271_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8032","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117511109","volume":"109","author":"LJ Goren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goren, L. J., Romaine, S., Mittermeier, R. A. & Walker-Painemilla, K. Co-occurrence of linguistic and biological diversity in biodiversity hotspots and high biodiversity wilderness areas. PNAS 109, 8032\u20138037 (2012).","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"7","key":"49271_CR21","first-page":"2288","volume":"43","author":"G Gebeyehu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gebeyehu, G., Soromessa, T., Bekele, T. & Teketay, D. Carbon stocks and factors affecting their storage in dry Afromontane forests of Awi Zone, northwestern Ethiopia. J. Ecol. Environ. 43 (7), 2288\u20131220 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"49271_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berihu, T. et al. Soil carbon and nitrogen losses following deforestation in Ethiopia. Agron. Sustain. Dev. (2017). 37. [CrossRef].","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-016-0408-4"},{"key":"49271_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meshesha, D. T., Tsunekawa, A., Tsubo, M., Ali, S. A. & Haregeweyn, N. Land-use change and its socio-environmental impact in Eastern Ethiopia\u2019s highland. Reg. Environ. Chang. 757\u2013768 [CrossRef] (2014).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-013-0535-2"},{"key":"49271_CR24","unstructured":"Katerere, Y., Minang, P. A. & Vanhanen, H. Making Sub-Saharan Forests Work for People and Nature-Policy approaches in a changing global environment. (2009)."},{"key":"49271_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FRA. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015: Country Report, Ethiopia. Rome, Italy: FRA 2015 - Country Report, Ethiopia. (2015).","DOI":"10.5089\/9781513541228.002"},{"key":"49271_CR26","unstructured":"FAO. FAO, working with countries to tackle climate change through sustainable forest management (FAO, 2010)."},{"key":"49271_CR27","unstructured":"FAO. FAO, working with countries to tackle climate change through sustainable forest management (FAO, 2010)."},{"issue":"12","key":"49271_CR28","first-page":"187","volume":"3","author":"A Shiferaw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shiferaw, A., Hurni, H. & Zeleke, G. A review on soil carbon sequestration in Ethiopia to mitigate land degradation and climate change. J. Environ. Earth Sci. 3 (12), 187\u2013200 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"49271_CR29","unstructured":"Benzie, J. H. Introducing the Transnational Climate Impacts Index: Indicators of country-level exposure methodology report. Linn\u00e9gatan 87D 115 23 Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm Environment Institute, Working Paper 2016-07. (2016)."},{"issue":"2","key":"49271_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.11648\/j.aff.20190802.14","volume":"8","author":"A Mekonnen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mekonnen, A. & Tolera, M. Carbon stock estimation along altitudinal gradient in Sekele-Mariam dry evergreen montane forest, North-Western Ethiopia. Agric. Forestry Fisheries. 8 (2), 48 (2019).","journal-title":"Agric. Forestry Fisheries"},{"key":"49271_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Djomo C\u00e9dric, Z., Louis, N. N., Valery, N., Boris, N. L. & Roger Tree allometry for estimation of carbon stocks in African tropical forests 446 (An International Journal of Forest Research, 2016). Kabelong Banoho Louis-Paul et al.","DOI":"10.1093\/forestry\/cpw025"},{"key":"49271_CR32","unstructured":"Condit, R. Methods for estimating aboveground biomass of forest and replacement vegetation in the tropics 73 (Center for Tropical Forest Science Research Manual, 2008)."},{"key":"49271_CR33","unstructured":"Watson, R. et al. A Special Report of IPCC Working Group III Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: ISBN: 92-9169-113-5. (2000)."},{"key":"49271_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5897\/JENE2014.0493","volume":"7","author":"MN Bazezew","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bazezew, M. N., Soromessa, T. & Bayable, E. Carbon stock in Adaba-Dodola community forest of Danaba District, West-Arsi zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia: an implication for climate change mitigation. J. Ecol. Nat. Environ. 7, 14\u201322 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Nat. Environ."},{"key":"49271_CR35","unstructured":"Fantu, W., Nuruddin, A. A., Haris, F. A. & Ab-Malik, A. R. Above ground biomass equations for selected Eucalyptus species in Ethiopia. In: Gil, L., Tadesse, W., Tolosana, E., Lopez, R. (Eds.), Eucalyptus Species Management, History, Status and Trends in Ethiopia. Proceedings from the congress held in Addis Ababa. (2010)."},{"key":"49271_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seid, M. Community Perception and Indigenous Adaptive Response to Climate Variability at Tehuledere Woreda, South Wollo. Eng. Int., 1(2). (2013).","DOI":"10.18034\/ei.v1i2.121"},{"key":"49271_CR37","unstructured":"Hurni. Soil Conservation Research Program Ethiopia: Research Report Agroecological Belts of Ethiopia Explanatory notes on three maps at a scale of 1:1,000,000. University of Berne (Centre for Development and Environment University of Bern, Switzerland in association with The Ministry of Agriculture, Ethiopia, 1998)."},{"key":"49271_CR38","unstructured":"Elias, E. & Fantaye, D. Managing fragile soils: A case study from North Wollo, Ethiopia (IIED, 2000)."},{"key":"49271_CR39","unstructured":"Friis lb, Sebsebe Demissew & Paulo van Breugel. Atlas of the Potential Vegetation of Ethiopia (The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 2010)."},{"key":"49271_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mekonnen, M., Sewunet, T., Gebeyehu, M., Azene, B. & Melesse, A. M. GIS and remote sensing-based forest resource assessment, quantification, and mapping in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Landscape dynamics, soils and hydrological processes in varied climates, 9\u201329. (2016).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18787-7_2"},{"key":"49271_CR41","unstructured":"Dietz, J. & Kuyah, S. Guidelines for establishing regional allometric equations for biomass estimation through destructive sampling (World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2011)."},{"key":"49271_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gadow, K. V. et al. Forest structure and diversity. Continuous cover forestry. 29\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-007-2202-6-2 (2012).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2202-6-2"},{"key":"49271_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karberg, N. J., Scott, N. A. & Giardina, C. P. Methods for estimating litter decomposition. Field measurements for forest carbon monitoring: a landscape-scale approach, 103\u2013111. (2008).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8506-2_8"},{"key":"49271_CR44","unstructured":"Bhishma, P. & Subedi, S. S. Forest Carbon Stock Measurement: Guidelines for measuring carbon stocks in community-managed forests (Asia Network for Sustainable Agriculture and Bioresources (ANSAB), 2010)."},{"key":"49271_CR45","unstructured":"Walker, S. M., Murray, L. & Tepe, T. Allometric equation evaluation guidance document (Winrock International, 2016)."},{"key":"49271_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geider, R. J. et al. Primary productivity of planet earth: biological determinants and physical constraints in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Gywnedd, PP59 5EY, UK: Global Change Biology. 7, 849\u2013882 (2001).","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2001.00448.x"},{"key":"49271_CR47","unstructured":"Kent, M. & Coker, P. Vegetation Description and Analysis: A Practical Approach 121\u2013134 (CAP, 2014)."},{"key":"49271_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearson, T. R., Brown, S. L. & Birdsey, R. A. Measurement guidelines for the sequestration of forest carbon 6\u201315 (Northern research Station, Department of Agriculture, 2007).","DOI":"10.2737\/NRS-GTR-18"},{"issue":"1","key":"49271_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-193401000-00003","volume":"37","author":"A Walkley","year":"1934","unstructured":"Walkley, A. & Black, I. A. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37 (1), 29\u201338 (1934).","journal-title":"Soil Sci."},{"key":"49271_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nelson, D. W. & Sommers, L. E. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of soil analysis: Part 2 chemical and microbiological properties, 9, 539\u2013579 (1982).","DOI":"10.2134\/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c29"},{"issue":"3","key":"49271_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4314\/star.v3i3.5","volume":"3","author":"TY Simegn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simegn, T. Y., Soromessa, T. & Bayable, E. Forest carbon stocks in lowland area of Simien Mountains National Park: implication for climate change mitigation. Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J. 3 (3), 29\u201336 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"49271_CR52","first-page":"192","volume":"138","author":"A Mehari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mehari, A., Tesfaye, O. G. & J\u0171rgen Blaser. Temporal variation in species composition, diversity and regeneration status along altitudinal gradient and slope: The case of Chilimo dry Afromontane forest in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia. World Sci. News. 138 (2), 192\u2013224 (2019).","journal-title":"World Sci. News"},{"issue":"1","key":"49271_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13021-019-0116-x","volume":"14","author":"A \u2022 Dibaba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dibaba, A., Soromessa, T. & Workineh, B. Carbon stock of the various carbon pools in Gerba-Dima moist Afromontane forest, South-western Ethiopia. Carbon Balance Manag. 14 (1), 1 (2019).","journal-title":"Carbon Balance Manag."},{"key":"49271_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s41610-019-0110-y","volume":"43","author":"A Dibaba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dibaba, A., Soromessa, T. & Kelbessa, E. Carbon stocks and factors affecting their storage in dry Afromontane forests of Awi Zone, northwestern Ethiopia. J. Ecol. Environ. 43, 14 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"49271_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asrat, F. et al. Effects of environmental factors on carbon stocks of dry evergreen Afromontane forests of the Choke Mountain ecosystem (Northwestern Ethiopia, 2022).","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9447946"},{"issue":"2","key":"49271_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.55706\/jae1833","volume":"18","author":"AS Atalay","year":"2025","unstructured":"Atalay, A. S. Carbon Stock Estimation and Human Disturbances in Dry Afromontane Forest Northwestern Ethiopia: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation. J. Agrofor. Environ. 18 (2), 142\u2013151 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Agrofor. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"49271_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13021-024-00277-x","volume":"19","author":"N Solomon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Solomon, N., Birhane, E., Teklay, M., Negussie, A. & Gidey, T. Exploring the role of canopy cover and environmental factors in shaping carbon storage in Desa\u2019a forest, Ethiopia. Carbon Balance Manag. 19 (1), 30 (2024).","journal-title":"Carbon Balance Manag."},{"issue":"6","key":"49271_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/10549811.2017.1332646","volume":"36","author":"A Fentahun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fentahun, A., Yehualashet, B., Alemayehu, K. & Teshome, S. Carbon stock of Banja forest in Banja district, Amhara region, Ethiopia: An implication for climate change mitigation. J. Sustainable Forestry. 36 (6), 604\u2013622 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Sustainable Forestry"},{"key":"49271_CR59","unstructured":"Ayalew, A. T. Vegetation Ecology and Carbon Stock of Wof-Washa Forest (North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, 2018)."},{"issue":"4","key":"49271_CR60","first-page":"97","volume":"3","author":"A Chinasho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chinasho, A., Soromessa, T. & Bayable, E. Carbon stock in woody plants of Humbo forest and its variation along altitudinal gradients: the case of Humbo district, Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy. 3 (4), 97\u2013103 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"49271_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4314\/star.v3i2.17","volume":"3","author":"A Girma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Girma, A., Soromessa, T. & Bekele, T. Forest carbon stocks in woody plants of Mount Zequalla Monastery and it\u2019s variation along altitudinal gradient: implication of managing forests for climate change mitigation. Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J. 3 (2), 132\u2013140 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J."},{"key":"49271_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37753-2_30","volume-title":"Climate-Smart Technologies: Integrating Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Mitigation and Adaptation Responses","author":"TT Tura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tura, T. T., Argaw, M. & Eshetu, Z. Estimation of carbon stock in church forests: implications for managing church forest to help with carbon emission reduction. In Climate-Smart Technologies: Integrating Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Mitigation and Adaptation Responses (403\u2013414). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. (2013)."},{"key":"49271_CR63","unstructured":"Mesfin, S. Estimating and Mapping of Carbon Stocks based on Remote Sensing. GIS and Ground Survey in the Menagesha Suba State Forest 31\u201344 (Ethiopia, 2011)."},{"issue":"1","key":"49271_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4314\/star.v3i1.16","volume":"3","author":"M Gedefaw","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gedefaw, M., Soromessa, T. & Belliethathan, S. Forest carbon stocks in woody plants of Tara Gedam forest: Implication for climate change mitigation. Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J. 3 (1), 101\u2013107 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J."},{"key":"49271_CR65","first-page":"123","volume":"183","author":"RW McEwan","year":"2006","unstructured":"McEwan, R. W. & Muller, R. N. Spatial and environmental patterns of species richness and abundance in a temperate forest. Plant Ecol. 183, 123\u2013135 (2006).","journal-title":"Plant Ecol."},{"key":"49271_CR66","unstructured":"Yilma, A. & Derero, A. Environmental variables influencing forest carbon stock dynamics in Ethiopian forests. (2020)."},{"key":"49271_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7617.1000305","volume":"6","author":"H Yohannes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yohannes, H., Soromessa, T. & Argaw, M. Carbon stock analysis along slope and slope aspect gradient in Gedo Forest: Implications for climate change mitigation. J. Earth Sci. Clim. Change. 6, 305 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Earth Sci. Clim. Change"},{"key":"49271_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-019-00483-5","volume":"22","author":"M Befkadu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Befkadu, M. & Lemessa, D. Factors affecting woody carbon stock in Sirso moist evergreen Afromontane forest, southern Ethiopia: Implications for climate change mitigation. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 22, 6363\u20136378 (2020).","journal-title":"Environ. Dev. Sustain."},{"key":"49271_CR69","volume-title":"Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"GJ Nabuurs","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nabuurs, G. J. et al. Forestry. In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. (2007)."},{"key":"49271_CR70","unstructured":"Kimble, J. et al. Soil Carbon Management: Economic, Environmental and Social Benefits. Soil. Carbon Manage., 3. (2014). Enhanced file Uploaded by Si\u00e2n Mooney on 16 January 2014."},{"key":"49271_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lal. Carbon Sequestration (Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 2008).","DOI":"10.1079\/PAVSNNR20083030"},{"key":"49271_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suppiah, R. et al. IPCC 4th Assessment Report, Australian Climate Change Projections. Aust. Met.Mag.56 (2007), 131\u2013152. (2007).","DOI":"10.1071\/ES06016"},{"issue":"8","key":"49271_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3038","volume":"6","author":"AK Magnan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Magnan, A. K., Colombier, M. & Bill\u00e9, R. Implications of the Paris agreement for the ocean. Nat. Clim. Change. 6 (8), 732\u2013735 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Change"},{"key":"49271_CR74","first-page":"594","volume":"555","author":"D Hui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hui, D., Deng, Q., Tian, H. & Luo, Y. Climate change and carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. Handb. Clim. change mitigation adaptation. 555, 594 (2017).","journal-title":"Handb. Clim. change mitigation adaptation"},{"key":"49271_CR75","unstructured":"Genene, A., Tefera, M., Zerihun, G. & Solomon, Z. Forest Carbon Pools and Carbon Assessment in the Context of SFM and REDD+ 69 (Wondo Genet, 2013)."},{"issue":"6045","key":"49271_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1201609","volume":"333","author":"Y Pan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pan, Y. et al. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world\u2019s forests. science 333 (6045), 988\u2013993 (2011).","journal-title":"science"},{"key":"49271_CR77","unstructured":"Brown. Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: a Primer (FAO Forestry Paper\u2009\u2013\u2009134, 1997)."},{"key":"49271_CR78","unstructured":"Nune, S., Kassie, M. & Mungatana, E. Forestry resource accounting: the experience of Ethiopia (No. 47, pp. 760\u2013774). CEEPA Discussion Paper. (2010)."},{"key":"49271_CR79","first-page":"6","volume":"2 045023","author":"HK Gibbs","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gibbs, H. K., Brown, S., Jonathan, A. F. & NilesJ.O. & Monitoring and estimating tropical forest carbon stocks: making REDD a reality. Environ. Res. Lett. 2 045023, 6 (2007).","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"49271_CR80","unstructured":"NSFDP. National Forest Sector Development Program, Ethiopia:Volume II: Program Pillars, Action Areas and Targets (National Forest Sector Development Program, Ethiopia, 2018)."},{"issue":"6","key":"49271_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.4880","volume":"37","author":"K Sisay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sisay, K., Thurnher, C. & Hasenauer, H. Daily climate data for the Amhara region in Northwestern Ethiopia. Int. J. Climatol. 37 (6), 2797\u20132808 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol"},{"key":"49271_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Virgilio, N. & Marshall, S. Forest Carbon Strategies in Climate Change Mitigation: Confronting Challenges Through On the-Ground Experience (The Nature Conservancy. Arlington, 2009).","DOI":"10.3411\/col.12091703"},{"key":"49271_CR83","unstructured":"Mujuru The Potential of Carbon Sequestration to mitigate against climate change in forests and agro ecosystems of Zimbabwe. Wageningen University, Zimbabwe: PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2014). (2014)."},{"key":"49271_CR84","unstructured":"Qu\u00e9r\u00e9 Le, C. et al. Global Carbon Budget 2018. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 2141\u20132194. (2018)."},{"key":"49271_CR85","unstructured":"MEFCC. Proposal for REDD+ Investment in Ethiopia (2017\u20132020) (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Forest Sector, 2017)."},{"key":"49271_CR86","unstructured":"CCPE. Climate Change Profile Ethiopia (CCPE): Ethiopian Minister of Foreign affairs. The Hague | The Netherlands: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands P.O. Box 20061 | 2500 EB. (2018)."},{"key":"49271_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duguma, L. A. & Michael Gruber. Herbert Hager &. The Community-state forest interaction in Menagesha Suba area, Ethiopia: The challenges and possible solutions. Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria. Vol. 19, pp. 111\u2013128. (2009).","DOI":"10.1080\/14728028.2009.9752659"},{"issue":"7","key":"49271_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.5897\/JENE2018.0683","volume":"10","author":"M Siraj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Siraj, M. & Zhang, K. Structure and natural regeneration of woody species at central highlands of Ethiopia. J. Ecol. Nat. Environ. 10 (7), 147\u2013158 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Ecol. Nat. Environ."},{"key":"49271_CR89","unstructured":"Tesfaye, M. A., Bravo-Oviedo, A., Bravo, F. & Ruiz-Peinado, R. Aboveground biomass equations for sustainable production of fuel wood in a native dry tropical Afromontane forest of Ethiopia 1\u201313 (Annals of Forest Science, 2016)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49271-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49271-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49271-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T11:04:06Z","timestamp":1786014246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49271-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["49271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-49271-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"24222"}}