{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T22:58:45Z","timestamp":1781218725271,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-49294-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T08:55:01Z","timestamp":1776675301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Manipulation under anesthesia for posttraumatic elbow stiffness: a propensity score matched retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lihua","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengdi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"49294_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.197514","volume":"51","author":"R Mittal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mittal, R. Posttraumatic stiff elbow. Indian J. Orthop. 51(1), 4\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5413.197514 (2017).","journal-title":"Indian J. Orthop."},{"issue":"10","key":"49294_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.180009","volume":"3","author":"OD Savvidou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Savvidou, O. D. et al. Complications of open reduction and internal fixation of distal humerus fractures. EFORT Open Rev. 3(10), 558\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.3.180009 (2018).","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"49294_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.03.023","volume":"29","author":"CLB Guglielmetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guglielmetti, C. L. B. et al. Randomized trial for the treatment of post-traumatic elbow stiffness: surgical release vs. rehabilitation. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 29(8), 1522\u20131529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2020.03.023 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"49294_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.11.054","volume":"33","author":"A Gu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gu, A. et al. Efficacy of manipulation under anesthesia for stiffness following total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review. J. Arthroplasty 33(5), 1598\u20131605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2017.11.054 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"11","key":"49294_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-022-05558-z","volume":"46","author":"SR Sundararajan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sundararajan, S. R. et al. Arthroscopic capsular release versus manipulation under anaesthesia for treating frozen shoulder: A prospective randomised study. Int. Orthop. 46(11), 2593\u20132601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-022-05558-z (2022).","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"issue":"8","key":"49294_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-019-02492-6","volume":"29","author":"D Rotman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rotman, D. et al. Manipulation under anesthesia for the postsurgical stiff elbow: A case series and review of literature. Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol. 29(8), 1679\u20131685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-019-02492-6 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthop. Surg. Traumatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"49294_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/s1058-2746(99)90159-3","volume":"8","author":"GJ King","year":"1999","unstructured":"King, G. J. et al. A standardized method for assessment of elbow function. Research Committee, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 8(4), 351\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1058-2746(99)90159-3 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"key":"49294_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e304","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001222","volume":"32","author":"CA Spitler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spitler, C. A. et al. Manipulation under anesthesia as a treatment of posttraumatic elbow stiffness. J. Orthop. Trauma. 32, e304\u2013e308 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma."},{"issue":"1","key":"49294_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsb.2004.08.008","volume":"30","author":"A Jester","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jester, A., Harth, A., Wind, G., Germann, G. & Sauerbier, M. Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire: Determining functional activity profiles in patients with upper extremity disorders. J Hand Surg Br 30(1), 23\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsb.2004.08.008 (2005).","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"49294_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.4029","volume":"43","author":"JI Vincent","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vincent, J. I., Macdermid, J., King, G. J. W. & Grewal, R. Validity and sensitivity to change of patient-reported pain and disability measures for elbow pathologies. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 43(4), 263\u2013274 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"49294_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.103b2.bjj-2020-0259.r3","volume":"103-b","author":"Z Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun, Z. et al. What constitutes a clinically important change in Mayo Elbow Performance Index and range of movement after open elbow arthrolysis?. Bone Joint J. 103-b(2), 366\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.103b2.bjj-2020-0259.r3 (2021).","journal-title":"Bone Joint J."},{"issue":"3","key":"49294_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","volume":"46","author":"PC Austin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin, P. C. An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivar. Behav. Res. 46(3), 399\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786 (2011).","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"49294_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2023.11.004","volume":"8","author":"T Kraal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kraal, T. et al. Improved range of motion after manipulation under anesthesia versus physiotherapy for stage two frozen shoulder: A randomized controlled trial. JSES Int. 8(2), 293\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jseint.2023.11.004 (2024).","journal-title":"JSES Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"49294_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.07.060","volume":"19","author":"A Araghi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Araghi, A., Celli, A., Adams, R. & Morrey, B. The outcome of examination (manipulation) under anesthesia on the stiff elbow after surgical contracture release. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 19(2), 202\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2009.07.060 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"49294_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-018-0109-6","volume":"8","author":"R Takahashi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Takahashi, R. et al. Clinical results and complications of shoulder manipulation under ultrasound-guided cervical nerve root block for frozen shoulder: A retrospective observational study. Pain Ther. 8(1), 111\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-018-0109-6 (2019).","journal-title":"Pain Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"49294_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e464","DOI":"10.1097\/bot.0000000000000395","volume":"29","author":"AA Sassoon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sassoon, A. A., Adigweme, O. O., Langford, J., Koval, K. J. & Haidukewych, G. J. Manipulation under anesthesia: A safe and effective treatment for posttraumatic arthrofibrosis of the knee. J. Orthop. Trauma. 29(12), e464\u2013e468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/bot.0000000000000395 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma."},{"issue":"4","key":"49294_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1230-y","volume":"468","author":"SE Fitzsimmons","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fitzsimmons, S. E., Vazquez, E. A. & Bronson, M. J. How to treat the stiff total knee arthroplasty?: A systematic review. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 468(4), 1096\u20131106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-010-1230-y (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"49294_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2024.05.059","volume":"39","author":"M Akhtar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akhtar, M. et al. Outcomes of early versus delayed manipulation under anesthesia for stiffness following total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Arthroplasty 39(11), 2872\u20132879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2024.05.059 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"8s1","key":"49294_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2024.02.034","volume":"39","author":"MP Abdel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdel, M. P. et al. The Chitranjan S. Ranawat award: Manipulation under anesthesia to treat postoperative stiffness after total knee arthroplasty: A multicenter randomized clinical trial. J. Arthroplasty 39(8s1), S9-S14.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arth.2024.02.034 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"8","key":"49294_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.28.bjo-2021-0075.r1","volume":"2","author":"B Corbacho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corbacho, B. et al. Cost-effectiveness of surgical treatments compared with early structured physiotherapy in secondary care for adults with primary frozen shoulder: An economic evaluation of the UK FROST trial. Bone J. Open. 2(8), 685\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2633-1462.28.bjo-2021-0075.r1 (2021).","journal-title":"Bone J. Open."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49294-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49294-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49294-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T22:44:44Z","timestamp":1781217884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49294-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["49294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-49294-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital (IRB approval no.: 201-KY-018(K)). Other participating institutions and hospitals acknowledged the IRB approval. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committees due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and informed consent"}}],"article-number":"18228"}}