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This study experimentally and numerically investigates the synergistic impact of combining xanthan gum polymer with CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    injection to maximize oil recovery. We conducted laboratory coreflood experiments on packed sandstone (porosity 22%, permeability 1000 mD) saturated with 31\u00b0API crude oil (6.0 cP at 70 \u00b0C), testing polymer concentrations of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g\/L. We evaluated five flooding scenarios: water flooding (baseline), CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    flooding alone, polymer flooding alone, polymer (1.5 g\/L) followed by CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    followed by polymer (1.5 g\/L). We then upscaled experimental findings using CMG-IMEX reservoir simulator to field scale. Water flooding recovered 70.0% of original oil in place (OOIP). CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    flooding alone increased recovery to 83.3% OOIP. Polymer flooding alone achieved maximum recovery of 81.3% OOIP at optimal concentration (1.5 g\/L), while lower (1.0 g\/L) and higher (2.5 g\/L) concentrations yielded 79% and 73.5% OOIP, respectively. Sequential injection significantly outperformed single methods: polymer (1.5 g\/L) followed by CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    achieved 89.3% OOIP, while CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    followed by polymer (1.5 g\/L) achieved the highest recovery of 94.3% OOIP. An incremental gain of 24.3% over water flooding and 11.0% over CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    flooding alone. The combined polymer-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    flooding system delivers superior oil recovery compared with individual processes. The optimal strategy-CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    injection followed by 1.5 g\/L xanthan gum polymer-maximizes both microscopic displacement efficiency (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -driven oil swelling and viscosity reduction) and macroscopic sweep efficiency (polymer-driven mobility control). This hybrid approach represents a technically viable and economically promising EOR strategy for mature sandstone reservoirs while contributing to sustainable carbon management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-49640-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:56:36Z","timestamp":1777604196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A numerical and experimental approach to oil recovery performances during combined xanthan gum and carbon dioxide flooding"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"A. N.","family":"El-hoshoudy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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