{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:50:43Z","timestamp":1792785043793,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":85,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Future Fellowship","award":["FT180100374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT180100374"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025520","name":"Medical Research Future Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RFRHPSI000013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFRHPSI000013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","award":["DONNEL21GO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DONNEL21GO"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ax59295","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"AEA Innovate grant","award":["IV240100090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IV240100090"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1160774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1160774"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05mmh0f86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Multi-modal Australian ScienceS Imaging and Visualization Environment","award":["eu92"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["eu92"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-49657-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T11:15:34Z","timestamp":1782213334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detecting regional overdistention during mechanical ventilation using 4-dimensional computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Trevascus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Preissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Smalley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaye","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Donnelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme R.","family":"Zosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Dubsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"49657_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2016.07.004","volume":"37","author":"JR Beitler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beitler, J. R., Malhotra, A. & Thompson, B. T. Ventilator-induced lung injury. Clin. Chest Med. 37, 633\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccm.2016.07.004 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Chest Med."},{"key":"49657_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208707","volume":"369","author":"AS Slutsky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Slutsky, A. S. & Ranieri, V. M. Ventilator-induced lung injury. N Engl. J. Med. 369, 2126\u20132136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1208707 (2013).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"49657_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.226840","volume":"131","author":"L Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, L., Xia, H. F., Shang, Y. & Yao, S. L. Molecular mechanisms of ventilator-induced lung injury. Chin. Med. J. (Engl). 131, 1225\u20131231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0366-6999.226840 (2018).","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl)"},{"key":"49657_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1711824","volume":"377","author":"BT Thompson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thompson, B. T., Chambers, R. C. & Liu, K. D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl. J. Med. 377, 1904\u20131905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc1711824 (2017).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"49657_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1410639","volume":"372","author":"MB Amato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amato, M. B. et al. Driving pressure and survival in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl. J. Med. 372, 747\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMsa1410639 (2015).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"49657_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708638","volume":"359","author":"D Talmor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Talmor, D. et al. Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury. N Engl. J. Med. 359, 2095\u20132104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0708638 (2008).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"49657_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1567OC","volume":"189","author":"M Cressoni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cressoni, M. et al. Lung inhomogeneity in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 189, 149\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201308-1567OC (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"49657_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1905-9","volume":"21","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gattinoni, L., Tonetti, T. & Quintel, M. Regional physiology of ARDS. Crit. Care. 21, 312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-017-1905-9 (2017).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"49657_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000727","volume":"123","author":"M Cressoni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cressoni, M. et al. Lung inhomogeneities and time course of ventilator-induced mechanical injuries. Anesthesiology 123, 618\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000727 (2015).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"49657_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1995-1","volume":"36","author":"PA Dargaville","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dargaville, P. A., Rimensberger, P. C. & Frerichs, I. Regional tidal ventilation and compliance during a stepwise vital capacity manoeuvre. Intensive Care Med. 36, 1953\u20131961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-010-1995-1 (2010).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"49657_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2417-6","volume":"23","author":"G Scaramuzzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scaramuzzo, G. et al. Heterogeneity of regional inflection points from pressure-volume curves assessed by electrical impedance tomography. Crit. Care. 23, 119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-019-2417-6 (2019).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"49657_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.0116","volume":"9","author":"S Dubsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dubsky, S., Hooper, S. B., Siu, K. K. & Fouras, A. Synchrotron-based dynamic computed tomography of tissue motion for regional lung function measurement. J. R Soc. Interface. 9, 2213\u20132224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2012.0116 (2012).","journal-title":"J. R Soc. Interface"},{"key":"49657_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.11.026","volume":"115","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yamamoto, T. et al. Four-dimensional computed tomography ventilation image-guided lung functional avoidance radiation therapy: a single-arm prospective pilot clinical trial. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 115, 1144\u20131154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2022.11.026 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"49657_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598735","volume":"26","author":"N Yagi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yagi, N., Suzuki, Y., Umetani, K., Kohmura, Y. & Yamasaki, K. Refraction-enhanced x-ray imaging of mouse lung using synchrotron radiation source. Med. Phys. 26, 2190\u20132193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.598735 (1999).","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"49657_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5031","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/50\/21\/006","volume":"50","author":"RA Lewis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lewis, R. A. et al. Dynamic imaging of the lungs using x-ray phase contrast. Phys. Med. Biol. 50, 5031\u20135040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/50\/21\/006 (2005).","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"49657_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00693.2022","volume":"135","author":"M Preissner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Preissner, M., Song, Y., Trevascus, D., Zosky, G. R. & Dubsky, S. Mechanical ventilation decreases tidal volume heterogeneity but increases heterogeneity in end-expiratory volumes. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 135, 747\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00693.2022 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"49657_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L738","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00271.2024","volume":"328","author":"E Smalley","year":"2025","unstructured":"Smalley, E. et al. Increasing heterogeneity is associated with IL-6 expression in the lungs following mechanical ventilation. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 328, L738\u2013L747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00271.2024 (2025).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"49657_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yen, S. et al. The proteomic response is linked to regional lung volumes in ventilator-induced lung injury. J Appl Physiol (1985). 129, 837\u2013845. 129, 837\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00097.2020 (2020).","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00097.2020"},{"key":"49657_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01958-2","volume":"23","author":"Y Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song, Y. et al. The association between regional transcriptome profiles and lung volumes in response to mechanical ventilation and lung injury. Respir Res. 23, 35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-022-01958-2 (2022).","journal-title":"Respir Res."},{"key":"49657_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2018-0143OC","volume":"60","author":"S Yen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yen, S. et al. The link between regional tidal stretch and lung injury during mechanical ventilation. Am. J. Respir Cell. Mol. Biol. 60, 569\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1165\/rcmb.2018-0143OC (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Cell. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"49657_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21646","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-71632-8","volume":"14","author":"N Reyne","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reyne, N. et al. Assessment of respiratory mechanics and X-ray velocimetry functional imaging in two cystic fibrosis rat models. Sci. Rep. 14, 21646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-71632-8 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"49657_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.70009","volume":"30","author":"N Reyne","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reyne, N. et al. Functional lung imaging identifies peripheral ventilation changes in \ua7b5-ENaC mice. Respirology 30, 335\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.70009 (2025).","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"49657_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smith, R. et al. Visualising ventilation changes following endobronchial valve placement with x-ray velocimetry functional lung imaging. Phys. Med. Biol. 70 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ade196 (2025).","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ade196"},{"key":"49657_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e080034","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080034","volume":"14","author":"M Bruorton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bruorton, M. et al. Pilot study of paediatric regional lung function assessment via X-ray velocimetry (XV) imaging in children with normal lungs and in children with cystic fibrosis. BMJ Open. 14, e080034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-080034 (2024).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"49657_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S297","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201704-338OT","volume":"14","author":"AJ Walkey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walkey, A. J. et al. Higher PEEP versus lower PEEP strategies for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 14, S297\u2013S303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201704-338OT (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"49657_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202104-0839ED","volume":"204","author":"JR Beitler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Beitler, J. R. & Walkey, A. J. The staying power of pressure- and volume-limited ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 204, 247\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202104-0839ED (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"49657_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.34197\/ats-scholar.2022-0024HT","volume":"3","author":"M Keller","year":"2022","unstructured":"Keller, M., Applefeld, W., Acho, M. & Lee, B. W. How I teach auto-PEEP: applying the physiology of expiration. ATS Sch. 3, 610\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34197\/ats-scholar.2022-0024HT (2022).","journal-title":"ATS Sch."},{"key":"49657_CR28","first-page":"367","volume":"66","author":"Q Lu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lu, Q. & Rouby, J. J. Measurement of pressure-volume curves in patients on mechanical ventilation. Methods and significance. Minerva Anestesiol. 66, 367\u2013375 (2000).","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"49657_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.5.9812031","volume":"160","author":"DE Carney","year":"1999","unstructured":"Carney, D. E. et al. The mechanism of lung volume change during mechanical ventilation. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 160, 1697\u20131702 (1999).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"49657_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1711824","volume":"377","author":"V Jaramillo-Rocha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaramillo-Rocha, V. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl. J. Med. 377, 1903\u20131904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc1711824 (2017).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"49657_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577519014863","volume":"27","author":"KS Morgan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morgan, K. S. et al. Methods for dynamic synchrotron X-ray respiratory imaging in live animals. J. Synchrotron Radiat. 27, 164\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1107\/S1600577519014863 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Synchrotron Radiat."},{"key":"49657_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/30\/6\/S09","volume":"30","author":"B Grychtol","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grychtol, B., Wolf, G. K. & Arnold, J. H. Differences in regional pulmonary pressure-impedance curves before and after lung injury assessed with a novel algorithm. Physiol. Meas. 30, S137\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0967-3334\/30\/6\/S09 (2009).","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49657-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49657-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49657-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:03:45Z","timestamp":1789556625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-49657-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["49657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-49657-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8169423\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"S.D. and M.D. have financial interests in the commercialization of an imaging technology, including hardware and algorithms, related to this publication. None of the other authors has any conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"28796"}}