{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T07:07:10Z","timestamp":1784185630768,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Creative-Pioneering Researchers Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-50397-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T08:53:35Z","timestamp":1779008015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adapting to sea level rise and storms"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Mendelsohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinge","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonghyun","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"50397_CR1","unstructured":"Zervas, C. Sea Level Variations of the United States: 1854\u20132006 Vol. 053 (Nat Ocean Atmos Adm Tech Rpt NOS CO-OPS, 2009)."},{"key":"50397_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s10712-011-9119-1","volume":"32","author":"J. Church","year":"2011","unstructured":"Church, J. A. & White, N. J. Sea Level Rise from the Late 19th Century to the Early 21st Century. Surv. Geophys. 32, 585\u2013602 (2011).","journal-title":"Surv. Geophys."},{"key":"50397_CR3","first-page":"1211","volume-title":"Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Fox-Kemper","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fox-Kemper et al. Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1211\u20131362 (2021)."},{"issue":"3","key":"50397_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1006\/jeem.1995.1062","volume":"29","author":"G Yohe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yohe, G., Neumann, J. & Ameden, H. Assessing the Economic Cost of Greenhouse-Induced Sea Level Rise: Methods and Application in Support of a National Survey. J. Env Econ. Manag. 29(3), S78\u2013S97 (1995).","journal-title":"J. Env Econ. Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"50397_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00140353","volume":"32","author":"G Yohe","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yohe, G., Neumann, J., Marshall, P. & Ameden, H. The Economic Cost of Greenhouse-Induced Sea-Level Rise for Developed Property in the United States. Clim. Ch. 32(4), 387\u2013410 (1996).","journal-title":"Clim. Ch"},{"issue":"1","key":"50397_CR6","first-page":"89","volume":"2","author":"J Neumann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Neumann, J., Hudgens, D., Herter, J. & Martinich, J. The Economics of Adaptation Along Developed Coastlines. Wiley Inter Rev. : Clim. Ch. 2(1), 89\u201398 (2011).","journal-title":"Wiley Inter Rev. : Clim. Ch"},{"key":"50397_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholls, R. J. et al. Ranking Port Cities with High Exposure and Vulnerability to Climate Extremes: Exposure Estimates (Organization Economic Cooperation Development, 2008).","DOI":"10.1787\/011766488208"},{"key":"50397_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-014-1304-z","volume":"129","author":"J Neumann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neumann, J. et al. Joint Effects of Storm Surge and Sea-Level Rise on US Coasts: New Economic Estimates of Impacts, Adaptation, and Benefits of Mitigation Policy. Clim. Ch. 129, 337\u2013349 (2015).","journal-title":"Clim. Ch"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"50397_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-016-1675-4","volume":"137","author":"DB Diaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Diaz, D. B. Estimating Global Damages from Sea Level Rise with the Coastal Impact and Adaptation Model (CIAM). Clim. Ch. 137(1-2), 143\u2013156 (2016).","journal-title":"Clim. Ch"},{"issue":"3","key":"50397_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.2307\/1911632","volume":"24","author":"D van Dantzig","year":"1956","unstructured":"van Dantzig, D. Economic decision problems for flood prevention. Econometrica 24(3), 276\u2013287 (1956).","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"9","key":"50397_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222469111","volume":"111","author":"J Hinkel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hinkel, J. et al. Coastal Flood Damage and Adaptation Costs under 21st Century Sea-Level Rise. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 111(9), 3292\u20133297 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"44","key":"50397_CR12","first-page":"1","volume":"167","author":"JE Neumann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neumann, J. E. et al. Climate effects on US infrastructure: the economics of adaptation for rail, roads, and coastal development. Clim. Ch. 167(44), 1\u201323 (2021).","journal-title":"Clim. Ch"},{"key":"50397_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4331","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-16-4331-2023","volume":"16","author":"N Depsky","year":"2023","unstructured":"Depsky, N. et al. DSCIM-Coastal v1.1: an open-source modeling platform for global impacts of sea level rise. Geosci. Mod. Dev. 16, 4331\u20134366 (2023).","journal-title":"Geosci. Mod. Dev."},{"key":"50397_CR14","unstructured":"DINAS. Diva v1.5.5. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam (2006)."},{"key":"50397_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coles, S. An Introduction to Statistical Modeling of Extreme Values (Springer, 2001).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3675-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"50397_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1389","volume":"2","author":"N Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin, N., Emanuel, K., Oppenheimer, M. & Vanmarcke, E. Physically Based Assessment of Hurricane Surge Threat under Climate Change. Nat. Clim. Ch. 2(6), 462\u2013467 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Ch"},{"issue":"2","key":"50397_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/jfr3.12026","volume":"7","author":"JM Kind","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kind, J. M. Economically Efficient Flood Protection Standards for the Netherlands. J. Flood Risk Manag. 7(2), 103\u2013117 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Flood Risk Manag"},{"key":"50397_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scawthorn, P. C. et al. HAZUS-MH Flood Loss Estimation Methodology. II. Damage and Loss Assessment. Nat. Haz. Rev.7(2) 72\u201381 (2006).","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1527-6988(2006)7:2(72)"},{"key":"50397_CR19","first-page":"81","volume":"1294","author":"H de Moel","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Moel, H., Botzen, W. & Aerts, C. J. H. Economic and Direct Losses from Hurricane Sandy. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 1294, 81\u201389 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad. Sci."},{"key":"50397_CR20","unstructured":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Extreme Water Levels (2023). https:\/\/tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov\/est\/"},{"key":"50397_CR21","unstructured":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Relative Sea Level Trends (2023). https:\/\/tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov\/sltrends\/"},{"issue":"11","key":"50397_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.3390\/w10111646","volume":"10","author":"CJH Aerts","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aerts, C. J. H. A Review of Cost Estimates for Flood Adaptation. Water 10(11), 1646 (2018).","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"3","key":"50397_CR23","first-page":"237","volume":"50","author":"R Mendelsohn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mendelsohn, R., Fairbank, A. & Rajaoberison, A. The Economics of Storm Gates. Coast. Manag., 50(3), 237\u2013250 (2022).","journal-title":"Econ. Storm Gates Coast Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"50397_CR24","first-page":"531","volume":"17","author":"RJT Klein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Klein, R. J. T. et al. Technological Options for Adaptation to Climate Change in Coastal Zones. J. Coast Res. 17(3), 531\u2013543 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Coast Res."},{"key":"50397_CR25","unstructured":"Federal Emergency Management Agency. CRS credit for management of coastal erosion hazards (Flood Publications NFIP\/CRS, 2006)."},{"issue":"3","key":"50397_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133312438908","volume":"36","author":"RL Wilby","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilby, R. L. & Keenan, R. Adapting to Flood Risk under Climate Change. Prog Phys. Geo. 36(3), 348\u2013378 (2012).","journal-title":"Prog Phys. Geo"},{"issue":"4","key":"50397_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-008-9398-9","volume":"90","author":"P Kirshen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kirshen, P., Knee, K. & Ruth, M. Climate Change and Coastal Flooding in Metro Boston: Impacts and Adaptation Strategies. Clim. Ch. 90(4), 453\u2013473 (2008).","journal-title":"Clim. Ch"},{"issue":"7","key":"50397_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"071006","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/ab1871","volume":"1","author":"M Haasnoot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haasnoot, M. et al. Generic Adaptation Pathways for Coastal Archetypes under Uncertain Sea-Level Rise. Envir Res. Comm. 1(7), 071006 (2019).","journal-title":"Envir Res. Comm."},{"issue":"5","key":"50397_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3271","volume":"7","author":"ME Hauer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hauer, M. E. Migration Induced by Sea-Level Rise Could Reshape the US Population Landscape. Nat. Clim. Ch. 7(5), 321\u2013325 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Ch"},{"issue":"3","key":"50397_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(1997)007[0753:TRBLUC]2.0.CO;2","volume":"7","author":"VH Dale","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dale, V. H. The Relationship between Land-Use Change and Climate Change. Ecol. App. 7(3), 753\u2013769 (1997).","journal-title":"Ecol. App"},{"issue":"2","key":"50397_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2009.09.003","volume":"27","author":"EF Lambin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lambin, E. F. & Meyfroidt, P. Land use transitions: Socio-ecological feedback versus socio-economic change. Land. Use Pol. 27(2), 108\u2013118 (2010).","journal-title":"Land. Use Pol."},{"issue":"2","key":"50397_CR32","first-page":"444","volume":"13","author":"K Desmet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Desmet, K. et al. Evaluating the economic cost of coastal flooding. Amer Econ. J. : Macro. 13(2), 444\u2013486 (2021).","journal-title":"Amer Econ. J. : Macro"},{"issue":"2","key":"50397_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.013","volume":"21","author":"RJ Dawson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dawson, R. J. et al. Assessing the effectiveness of non-structural flood management measures in the Thames Estuary under conditions of socio-economic and environmental change. Glob. Environ. Ch. 21(2), 628\u2013646 (2011).","journal-title":"Glob Env Ch"},{"issue":"9","key":"50397_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3039","volume":"6","author":"PA Harrison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harrison, P. A., Dunford, R. W., Holman, I. P. & Rounsevell, M. D. A. Climate change impact modelling needs to include cross-sectoral interactions. Nat. Clim. Ch. 6(9), 885\u2013890 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Ch"},{"issue":"6183","key":"50397_CR35","first-page":"473","volume":"344","author":"CJH Aerts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aerts, C. J. H. et al. Evaluating flood resilience strategies for coastal megacities. Science 344(6183), 473\u2013475 (2014).","journal-title":"Evaluating Flood Resil. Strategies Coastal. Megacities Sci"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-50397-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-50397-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-50397-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T06:44:45Z","timestamp":1784184285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-50397-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["50397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-50397-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7865982\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"22344"}}