{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:13:34Z","timestamp":1784117614662,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":61,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013120","name":"European Medicines Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013120","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Patients with earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants are at increased risk of venous and arterial thromboembolic (VTE, ATE) events. Here we aimed to contextualise the incidence of thromboembolic events among patients with COVID-19 during the Omicron period. We conducted a population-based cohort study using electronic health records from the UK (CPRD GOLD), the Netherlands (IPCI), and Spain (SIDIAP) within the DARWIN EU\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    network. Two cohorts were included: a pre-pandemic population (2017\u20132019) and individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron-dominant period. We estimated incidence rates (IRs) of VTE, ATE, and other cardiovascular events at 30-, 60-, 90-, and 180-days post-infection. Crude incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and age-sex standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated relative to the pre-pandemic cohort. Analyses were stratified by prior infection, vaccination status, and immunocompromised status. In total, we included over 7.6\u00a0million individuals (CPRD GOLD: 5.28\u00a0M; IPCI: 1.59\u00a0M; SIDIAP: 0.75\u00a0M) in the general population cohort, and about 0.8\u00a0million individuals (CPRD GOLD: 248,847; IPCI: 330,200; SIDIAP: 200,563) in the COVID-19 Omicron cohort. Crude IRs varied by outcome and data source. For VTE, IRs per 100,000 person-years were 136 [95%CI 131\u2013141] in SIDIAP, 167 [164\u2013169] in CPRD GOLD, and 264 [259\u2013270] in IPCI. Elevated SIRs for VTE and ATE were observed following SARS-CoV-2 infection, highest within 30 days and persisting up to 180 days. In CPRD GOLD, the VTE SIR was 3.61 [2.45\u20135.53] at 30 days, decreasing to 1.88 [1.52\u20132.34] at 180 days. Higher SIRs were observed among immunocompromised individuals and those without prior infection. Our findings indicate that among individuals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron-dominant period, observed rates of thromboembolic events exceeded expected background incidence, particularly in the early post-infection period.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-51445-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T14:55:47Z","timestamp":1778856947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Venous and arterial thromboembolic events after COVID-19 during the Omicron period in three European countries"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xintong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika M.","family":"J\u00f6dicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Prats-Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Delmestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Verhamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mees","family":"Mosseveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T.","family":"Brash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Vojinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Palomar-Cros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"P\u00e9rez Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talita","family":"Duarte-Salles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Oja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raivo","family":"Kolde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Burn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Umuhire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00ed","family":"Catal\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"51445_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.031","volume":"75","author":"B Bikdeli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bikdeli, B. et al. COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC state-of-the-art review. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 75, 2950\u20132973 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"51445_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.013","volume":"191","author":"FA Klok","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klok, F. A. et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb. Res. 191, 145\u2013147 (2020).","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"51445_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060785","volume":"146","author":"R Knight","year":"2022","unstructured":"Knight, R. et al. Association of COVID-19 with major arterial and venous thrombotic diseases: a population-wide cohort study of 48 million adults in England and wales. 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Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after vaccination against and infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Catalonia, Spain. Nat. Commun. 13, 7169 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"51445_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S448980","volume":"16","author":"V Lo Re","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lo Re, V. et al. Risk of arterial and venous thrombotic events among patients with COVID-19: a multi-national collaboration of regulatory agencies from Canada, Europe, and United States. Clin. Epidemiol. 16, 71\u201389 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"51445_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15879","volume":"20","author":"J Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie, J. et al. Genetic risk and incident venous thromboembolism in middle-aged and older adults following COVID\u201019 vaccination. J. Thromb. Haemost. 20, 2887\u20132895 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Thromb. 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The study funder was involved in revising the study protocol and the objectives and reviewing the study report including the results. Data partners\u2019 role is only to execute code at their data source. They do not have an investigator role. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study.This communication represents the views of the authors only and cannot be interpreted as reflecting those of the European Medicines Agency or the European Medicines Regulatory Network.The authors report the following conflicts of interest not related to this study: DM and DU work within the Real World Evidence workstream at the EMA. The views expressed in the article are personal views and not those of the EMA. KV works for a research department who in the last 3 years received unconditional research grants from UCB and Johnson and Johnson. MM works for a research group that in the past 3 years receives\/received unconditional research grants from these companies\/institutions. JB and DV are employees of IQVIA.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"22154"}}