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Members of the Moraceae family are traditionally employed as expectorants, hypoglycemic agents, and mild laxatives, with reported neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects. The present study aimed to profile the secondary metabolites of\n                    <jats:italic>F. natalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    fruit using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS\/MS) and test its anti-inflammatory potential. A total of 160 metabolites were annotated in both positive and negative ionization modes, belonging to diverse phytochemical classes such as phenolics (41), flavonoids (21), acids (26), glycosides (11), terpenoids, coumarins (4), iridoids (3), fatty acids\/ester (22), sterols (8), sugar derivatives (6), and terpenoids (18). The anti-inflammatory activity of\n                    <jats:italic>F. natalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    fruit methanolic extract was investigated using nitric acid (NO) inhibition assay, revealing an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 28.54\u2009\u00b1\u20091.66\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, compared to resveratrol as a standard anti-inflammatory with an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value of 10.21\u2009\u00b1\u20090.68\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL. Major bioactive constituents, including ellagic acid, gallic acid, betulinic acid, and quercetin derivatives, were identified and may underline the observed anti-inflammatory effect. The current findings highlight\n                    <jats:italic>F. natalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    fruit as a rich source of bioactive metabolites with potential anti-inflammatory effect.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-51688-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T09:39:40Z","timestamp":1778665180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Profiling metabolites of Ficus natalensis hochst. fruit by UPLC-MS\/MS and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Enas M.","family":"Shawky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rim","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa H.","family":"Baky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"51688_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kandar, C. 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