{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T23:00:06Z","timestamp":1785106806912,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":67,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dietary pattern analysis provides a holistic assessment of diet quality critical for maternal-fetal health, offering insights superior to single-nutrient evaluation. Hereby, we aimed to concurrently evaluate established a priori and data-driven a posteriori dietary patterns, alongside nutrient-mineral adequacy, among pregnant women. This cross-sectional study recruited 233 women in their first trimester from \u201cMazandaran, Iran\u201d province between 2020 and 2023. Dietary intake was measured via a validated 168-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. Adherence to predefined guidelines was assessed using a modified 8-point Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and three Nutrient Rich Food (NRF) indices (NRF6.3, NRF9.3, NRF15.3). Empirical patterns were derived using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on 26 food groups via R Studio. Nutritional status was quantified using the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), Protein Adequacy Ratio (PAR), and adequacy metrics for other nutrients\/minerals. The study exhibited high metabolic risk factors in pregnant women, with 61.0% overweight\/obese and 59.2% vitamin D deficient. Overall diet quality was suboptimal, evidenced by low MDS (Mean\u2009=\u20093.35) and poor micronutrient density (Mean MAR\u2009=\u20090.624), signifying that diets met only approximately 62% of recommended intakes. PCA identified a healthy \u201cPrudent\u201d pattern (PA2), a mixed \u201cTraditional\u201d pattern (PA1), and an unhealthy \u201cWestern\u201d pattern (PA3). Increased adherence to the Prudent pattern significantly correlated with improved MAR, PAR, and a desirable decrease in Na\/K ratio. Conversely, adherence to the Beverage &amp; Fast-food pattern was associated with pervasive declines in all adequacy markers, including a severely decreased MDS (\u03b2 = -0.26, p-value\u2009=\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Pregnant women in this regional study exhibit critically suboptimal dietary quality and significant micronutrient shortfalls, largely driven by low adherence to prudent, nutrient-dense patterns, and the majority depend on unhealthy food choices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-51749-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T11:33:56Z","timestamp":1779363236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of the dietary and nutritional status of Iranian pregnant women: a study employing both a priori and a posteriori analytical approaches"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Kashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akbar Fazeltabar","family":"Malekshah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"khasayesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Heidari","family":"Seyedmahalleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"51749_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200202000-00002","volume":"13","author":"FB Hu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hu, F. 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