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Specifically, the effects of these inhalational anesthetic agents on parameters associated with cancer progression, including cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, and migration, were comparatively investigated. Triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), estrogen receptor-positive cells (MCF-7), and non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells (MCF-10\u00a0A) were used. Cells were exposed to clinically relevant concentrations of sevoflurane (3.6%) and desflurane (10.3%) for 3\u00a0h, followed by 24\u00a0h of incubation. Cell viability (MTS assay), colony formation, wound healing (migration), Annexin V apoptosis analysis, and Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins were performed. Exposure to desflurane and sevoflurane significantly reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), whereas no significant change was observed in MCF-10\u00a0A cells. Colony formation was significantly suppressed only in MDA-MB-231 cells, with a more pronounced effect observed following desflurane exposure. Neither agent significantly affected cell migration. Apoptosis rates significantly increased in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with desflurane (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Western blot analysis demonstrated that desflurane increased p53 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas sevoflurane reduced its expression; no significant alterations were observed in PARP-1 and AIF levels. These findings suggest that desflurane exerts proliferation-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Sevoflurane demonstrated comparatively weaker effects. Overall, our results indicate that volatile anesthetics may directly influence cancer cell biology; however, their clinical implications require further validation in in vivo and clinical studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-52017-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T08:35:17Z","timestamp":1778315717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research on the effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"O\u011fuz Kaan","family":"\u015eim\u015fek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8267-138X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aliye","family":"\u00c7oruh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahsen","family":"G\u00fcler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe Do\u011fa","family":"Karip\u00e7in","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z\u00fchal","family":"Hamurcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"52017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/516417","volume":"2012","author":"JW Rostas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rostas, J. W. & Dyess, D. L. Current operative management of breast cancer: an age of smaller resections and bigger cures. Int. J. Breast Cancer. 2012, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/516417 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Breast Cancer"},{"key":"52017_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, R., Kawai, A., Wakisaka, M. & Kin, T. Current status and prospects of anesthesia and breast cancer: does anesthetic technique affect recurrence and survival rates in breast cancer surgery? Front. Oncol. 12, 2563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.795864 (2022).","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.795864"},{"issue":"10","key":"52017_CR3","first-page":"4255","volume":"33","author":"P Ecimovic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ecimovic, P., McHugh, B., Murray, D., Doran, P. & Buggy, D. J. Effects of sevoflurane on breast cancer cell function in vitro. 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