{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:26:02Z","timestamp":1791397562196,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018778","name":"Al-Azhar University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Novel cyclodiphosph(V)azane sulfonamide ligands and their corresponding Cu\u00b2\u207a and Cd\u00b2\u207a metal complexes were synthesized and evaluated as antimicrobial additives for coating applications. The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed using standard spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were incorporated into paint formulations, and the resulting coatings were systematically assessed for their mechanical, physical, and antimicrobial properties. The modified coatings exhibited enhanced physico-mechanical performance, with gloss values of 80\u201395, hardness ranging from 7\u00a0H to 9\u00a0H, adhesion improved from 4B to 5B, and impact resistance increased from 1.3 to 2.5\u00a0J. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal strains. The cadmium complex demonstrated the highest activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 31.8 to 46.0\u00a0mm, while the copper complex showed moderate activity and the free ligand exhibited selective effects. Although incorporation into the coating matrix led to a reduction in antimicrobial activity, the coatings retained appreciable effectiveness against selected strains. The results indicate that cyclodiphosph(V)azane-based metal complexes are promising multifunctional additives for antimicrobial coatings, combining improved mechanical performance with significant biological activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-52099-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:25:59Z","timestamp":1779171959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antimicrobial activity of topcoat formulation based on synthesized new cyclodiphosph(V)azane derivatives as a biocide for protective coatings"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"H. Abd","family":"El-Wahab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narmeen G.","family":"El khashab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salwa A. H.","family":"Albohy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moustafa M. G.","family":"Fouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Sharaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud M.","family":"Fayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen M.","family":"Sharaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"52099_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0146381","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146381","volume":"11","author":"A Habibullah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Habibullah, A., Vogel, M., Kwetkat, A. & Hartmann, M. PLoS One 11, e0146381 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"52099_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2018.07.001","volume":"13","author":"Y Ahmadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmadi, Y., Siddiqui, M. T., Haq, Q. M. R. & Ahmad, S. Arab. J. Chem. 13, 2689\u20132701 (2020).","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"52099_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klassen, H. J. & Burns 26, 117\u2013130 (2000).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(99)00108-4"},{"key":"52099_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7916","DOI":"10.1021\/ie0504452","volume":"44","author":"Y Sun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Chen, Z. & Braun, M. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 44, 7916\u20137920 (2005).","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"52099_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.10.069","volume":"35","author":"T Potta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Potta, T. et al. Reg. Ke Biomaterials 35, 1977\u20131988 (2014).","journal-title":"Reg. Ke Biomaterials"},{"key":"52099_CR6","unstructured":"Holbrow, G. L. Microbiology for the Paint Technologist; Part 1 Moulds, Notes to Industry No. 14 (Paint Research Association, 1984)."},{"key":"52099_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2018.07.001","volume":"13","author":"Y Ahmadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmadi, Y., Siddiqui, M. T., Haq, Q. M. R. & Ahmad, S. Arab. J. Chem. 13, 2689\u20132701 (2020).","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"52099_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2004.08.003","volume":"51","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ahmad, S., Zafar, F. & Ashraf, S. M. Air-drying polyesteramide from a sustainable resource. Prog. Org. Coat. 51, 250\u2013256 (2004).","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"52099_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2007.05.018","volume":"67","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ahmad, S., Zafar, F. & Ashraf, S. M. Studies on zinc-containing linseed oil-based polyesteramide. Reactive Funct. Polym. 67, 928\u2013935 (2007).","journal-title":"Reactive Funct. Polym."},{"key":"52099_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1002\/app.28667","volume":"110","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ahmad, S., Zafar, F. & Ashraf, S. M. Development of Zn\/Cd-incorporated poly(esteramide-urethane) from sustainable resources. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 110, 584\u2013593 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"52099_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2018.05.005","volume":"93","author":"SH Ghaffar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghaffar, S. H., Corker, J. & Fan, M. Additive manufacturing technology and its implementation in construction as an eco-innovative solution. Autom. Constr. 93, 1\u201311 (2018).","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"52099_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2019.03.055","volume":"369","author":"A Lelevic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lelevic, A. & Walsh, F. C. Electrodeposition of Ni\u2013P alloy coatings: a review. Surf. Coat. Technol. 369, 198\u2013220 (2019).","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"52099_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-012-4558-5","volume":"67","author":"SH Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang, S. H., Liu, P., Mokasdar, A. & Hou, L. Additive manufacturing and its societal impact: a literature review. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 67, 1191\u20131203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00170-012-4558-5 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"52099_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700187","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201700187","volume":"4","author":"A Zhakeyev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhakeyev, A. et al. Additive manufacturing: unlocking the evolution of energy materials. Adv. Sci. 4, 1700187 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"52099_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd, E. W. H., Abd El-Fattah, M. & Abd El-Khalikc, N. Carmen M. Sharaby. Synthesis and performance of flame retardant additives based on cyclodiphosph(V)azane of sulfaguanidine,1,3-di-[N\u2019-2-pyrimidinylsulfanilamide]-2, 2, 2. 4, 4, 4-hexachlorocyclodiphosph(V)azane and 1,3-di-[N\u2019-2 pyrimidinylsulfanilamide]-2, 4-di[aminoacetic acid]-2, 4 dichlorocyclodiphoph(V)azane incorporated into polyurethane varnish. Progress in Organic Coatings 74, 615\u2013621 (2012).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2012.02.010"},{"key":"52099_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2004.12.047","volume":"62","author":"CM Sharaby","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sharaby, C. M. Preparation, characterization and biological activity of metal complexes of cyclodiphosph(V)azane. Spectrochimica Acta Part. A. 62, 326\u2013334 (2005).","journal-title":"Spectrochimica Acta Part. A"},{"key":"52099_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1080\/104265090884238","volume":"180","author":"GG Mohamed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mohamed, G. G. Cyclodiphosph(V)azane complexes: preparation, characterization and biological activity. Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon. 180, 1569\u20131586 (2005).","journal-title":"Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon"},{"key":"52099_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.21608\/ejchem.2020.22722.2349","volume":"63","author":"R Tahaa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tahaa, R., Ismail, R., Sharaby, C., Kamal, R. & Yahia, M. Synthesis and characterization of cyclodiphosph(V)azane ligand and its metal complexes. Egypt. J. Chem. 63, 7\u20138 (2020).","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"key":"52099_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.6000\/2369-3355.2018.05.03.3","volume":"5","author":"H Abd El-Wahab","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abd El-Wahab, H., Mohamed, S. A. & Gomaa, I. Flame retardant and antimicrobial epoxy paints incorporating cyclodiphosphazane derivatives. J. Coat. Sci. Technol. 5, 85\u201396 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Coat. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"52099_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narmeen, G., El khashab, S. A. H., El-Wahab, Moustafa, M. G., Fouda, Carmen, M. & Sharaby Synthesis and evaluation of substituted cyclodiphosph(V)azane sulfonamide and their Fe(III), Ag(I) metal complexes as novel insecticides for protective coatings. Pigm. Resin Technol. 54 (2025).","DOI":"10.1108\/PRT-06-2024-0064"},{"key":"52099_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64065-w","volume":"14","author":"G Narmeen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Narmeen, G., El khashab, S. A. H., El-Wahab, Moustafa, M. G., Fouda, C. M. & Sharaby Preparation and characterization of novel fame-retardant paint of substituted cyclodiphosph(V)azane sulfonomide and their Cu(II), Cd(II) metal complexes as new additives for exterior wood coating protection. Sci. Rep. 14, 14452 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"52099_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2020.105577","volume":"142","author":"H Abd El-Wahab","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abd El-Wahab, H., Abd El-Fattah, M., El-alfy, H. M., Z, O. M. & E Lin. L, Hamdy. I. Synthesis and characterization of sulphonamide (Schiff base) ligand and its copper metal complex and their efficiency in polyurethane varnish as flame retardant and antimicrobial surface coating additives. Prog. Org. Coat. 142, 105577 (2020).","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"52099_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Essam, M. et al. (I)\/Cs(III)complexes of benzil-based thiocarbohydrazone macrocyclic ligand: Chemical synthesis, characterization, and study their biological effective as antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiviral additives for polyurethane surface coating. Applied Organometallic Chemistry 36, e6689 (2022).","DOI":"10.1002\/aoc.6689"},{"key":"52099_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2017.05.005","volume":"111","author":"M Abd El-Fattah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abd El-Fattah, M., Abd El-Wahab, H., Bashandy, M. S. & El-Eisawy R.E, Abd El-hai. F, Mohamed Saeed. Coumarin derivatives as ecofriendly coating additives. Prog. Org. Coat. 111, 57\u201366 (2017).","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"52099_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2020.106027","volume":"151","author":"AA Faheim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faheim, A. A., Elsawy, M. M., Salem, S. S. & El-Wahab, A. Antimicrobial paint based on dioxouranium (VI) complexes. Prog. Org. Coat. 151, 106027 (2021).","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"52099_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jorganchem.2015.05.024","volume":"791","author":"H Abd El-Wahab","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abd El-Wahab, H., Abd El-Fattah, M., Ayman, H., Ahmed, Ahmed, A. & Elhenawy, N. A. Alian. N. A. Arylhydrazone metal complexes as coating additives. J. Organomet. Chem. 791, 99\u2013106 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Organomet. Chem."},{"key":"52099_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1108\/PRT-06-2021-0061","volume":"51","author":"M Nashwa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nashwa, M. et al. Nour El-Din Abd El-Sattar. Benzodiazepine-based coating formulation for industrial applications. Pigm. Resin Technol. 51, 581\u2013599 (2022).","journal-title":"Pigm. Resin Technol."},{"key":"52099_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2022.e00770","volume":"36","author":"MH Kalaba","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kalaba, M. H. et al. Isolation of Mucor bainieri from honeybees. Biotechnol. Rep. 36, e00770 (2022).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"52099_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-026-02484-x","volume":"16","author":"MH Sharaf","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sharaf, M. H., Alluqmani, A. J., Abdelaziz, A. M. & Kalaba, M. H. Improved Antimicrobial Activity of Nano-emulsified Tea Tree Oil Against Multi-Drug-Resistant Pathogens. BioNanoScience 16 (4), 270 (2026).","journal-title":"BioNanoScience"},{"key":"52099_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thu, N. T. M., Borda, H., Vitsupakorn, S., Reddy, K. S., Kasmani, N., Barwatt, J., Le, T. Development and validation of a colorimetric antifungal susceptibility testing method for the dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Med.  Mycol., 61(11)(2023).","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myad111"},{"key":"52099_CR31","unstructured":"Albohy, S., Tahaa, R. & Sharaby, C. Cyclodiphosph(V)azane sulfa medicines and complexes. Egypt. J. Chem. (2022)."},{"key":"52099_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.21608\/absb.2006.11649","volume":"17","author":"C Sharaby","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sharaby, C. & Hassan, S. Cyclodiphosphazanes and coordination behavior. Al-Azhar Bull. Sci. 17, 193\u2013222 (2006).","journal-title":"Al-Azhar Bull. Sci."},{"key":"52099_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2011.08.035","volume":"83","author":"TA Mohamed","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mohamed, T. A., Zoghaib, W. M., Shaaban, I. A., Farag, R. S. & Alajhaz, A. E. Infrared, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, structural characterization and DFT calculations of novel adenine-cyclodiphosp(v)azane derivatives. Spectrochimica Acta Part. A. 83, 304\u2013313 (2011).","journal-title":"Spectrochimica Acta Part. A"},{"key":"52099_CR34","unstructured":"Robert, M., Silverstein, Francis, X., Webster, D. J. & Kiemle, D. L. Bryce. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds 8th edn (Wiley, 2014)."},{"key":"52099_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2003.09.025","volume":"60","author":"MS Masoud","year":"2004","unstructured":"Masoud, M. S., Soayed, A. A. & Ali, A. E. Complexing properties of nucleic-acid constituents adenine and guanine complexes. Spectrochimica Acta Part. A. 60, 1907\u20131915 (2004).","journal-title":"Spectrochimica Acta Part. A"},{"key":"52099_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afifp, T. H., Nawawy, E., Wahab, M. A. E. & Mahdy, H. Z. H.,A. Cyclodiphosphazanes: synthesis and biological studies. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon 132, 101\u2013108 (1998).","DOI":"10.1080\/10426509808036978"},{"key":"52099_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2016.12.070","volume":"1134","author":"CM Sharaby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharaby, C. M., Amine, M. F. & Hamed, A. A. Synthesis, structure characterization and biological activity of selected metal complexes of sulfonamide schiff base metal complexes. J. Mol. Struct. 1134, 208\u2013216 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"52099_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12387","DOI":"10.1016\/S1452-3981(23)13275-5","volume":"8","author":"SAH Elbohy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Elbohy, S. A. H. Metal complexes with phosphorus Schiff base ligand. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 8, 12387\u201312401 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"52099_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-006-7095-3","volume":"86","author":"MM Omar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Omar, M. M., Mohamed, G. G. & Hindy, A. M. Transition metal complexes of Schiff base. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 86, 315\u2013325 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"52099_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajhc.20180401.11","volume":"4","author":"MS Hossain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hossain, M. S., Zakaria, C. M. & Kudrat-E-Zahan, M. Metal complexes as antimicrobial agents: a review. Am. J. Heterocycl. Chem. 4, 1 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Heterocycl. Chem."},{"key":"52099_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14050516","volume":"14","author":"K Ngece","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ngece, K., Khwaza, V., Paca, A. M. & Aderibigbe, B. A. The antimicrobial efficacy of copper complexes. Antibiotics 14, 516 (2025).","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"52099_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2025.132769","volume":"516","author":"TT Cai Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cai Liu, T. T., Huang, K., Yang, C. Y., Zhang, H. & Zhao, Y. B. One-step construction of a phosphazene-based hybrid coating for flame-retardant, antimicrobial, and hydrophobic viscose fabric. Surf. Coat. Technol. 516, 132769 (2025).","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"52099_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agarwalla, S., Singh, S., Ibrahim, M. A. & Noothalapati, H. Suhanya Duraiswamy. Antimicrobial Coatings: Current Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities. Book Chapter, No 9, Wiley online library. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781394207305.ch9 (2024).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394207305.ch9"},{"key":"52099_CR44","first-page":"27e50","volume":"118","author":"S Alaa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alaa, S., Abd-El-Aziz, C. & Agatemor Nola Etkin. Antimicrobial resistance challenged with metal-based antimicrobial macromolecules. Biomaterials 118, 27e50 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"52099_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosei, C. M. M. D. F. Antibacterial Coatings: Challenges, Perspectives, and Opportunities. Trends Biotechnol., 33, 11, (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2015.09.002"},{"key":"52099_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mwangi, V. N. & Madivoli, E. S. Mouri,Kangogo. Antimicrobial surface coating as a pathway to curb resistance: preparation, mode of action and future perspective. V 21, (2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11998-023-00879-z"},{"key":"52099_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45962","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c06211","volume":"7","author":"S Jyotirmoyee Sahoo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jyotirmoyee Sahoo, S., Sarkhel, N., Mukherjee & Jaiswa, A. Nanomaterial-Based Antimicrobial Coating for Biomedical Implants: New Age Solution for Biofilm-Associated Infections. ACS Omega. 7, 45962\u201345980 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"52099_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishita Mukherjee, A., Ghosh, P. & Bhadury, P. D. Matrix-Assisted Regulation of Antimicrobial Properties: Mechanistic Elucidation with Ciprofloxacin-Based Polymeric Hydrogel Against Vibrio Species. 30\/Issue 1, (2018).","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.8b00846"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-52099-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-52099-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-52099-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T06:40:09Z","timestamp":1779172809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-52099-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["52099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-52099-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15466"}}