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The aerial parts of\n                    <jats:italic>A. halimus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were extracted with 70% methanol and fractionated into dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc),\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    -butanol (BuOH), and aqueous fractions. Comprehensive UPLC\/MS profiling identified seventy-eight secondary metabolites, predominantly flavonoids and their derivatives, followed by triterpenoids and minor constituents. The antimicrobial activities of the extract and its fractions were assessed against\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The methanol extract (12.0 and 30.0\u00a0mm) and the EtOAc fraction (14.0 and 22.0\u00a0mm) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects. Repellent bioassays against\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles pharoensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    starved females demonstrated solvent- and dose-dependent variations, with the DCM fraction at 6.67\u00a0mg\/cm\u00b2 achieving the highest repellency (81.92%). Molecular docking studies were further conducted to elucidate the interactions responsible for the observed antimicrobial and insecticidal activities. In conclusion, these findings highlight\n                    <jats:italic>A. halimus<\/jats:italic>\n                    aerial parts as a rich source of bioactive metabolites with dual antimicrobial and mosquito-repellent potential, supporting their application in natural product-based vector control strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-52695-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:06:10Z","timestamp":1779375970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical profiling, metabolomics, and molecular docking studies of Atriplex halimus aerial parts revealing potential insecticidal activity against the malaria vector Anopheles pharoensis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Esraa A.","family":"Elhawary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan O.","family":"Waheeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer H. 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