{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:20:54Z","timestamp":1790806854843,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-52816-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:34:25Z","timestamp":1778924065000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of regression, reactivation, retreatment and retinal detachment after injections of three different anti-VEGF drugs for retinopathy of prematurity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1395-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melih","family":"Ak\u0131dan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7634-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fe Cengiz","family":"\u00dcnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1720-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammet Kaz\u0131m","family":"Erol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"52816_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v5.i1.35","volume":"5","author":"PK Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah, P. K. et al. Retinopathy of prematurity: past, present and future. World J. Clin. Pediatr. 5, 35\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5409\/wjcp.v5.i1.35 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Pediatr."},{"key":"52816_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2023.105715","volume":"177-178","author":"AR Wilkinson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wilkinson, A. R., Adams, G. G. W., Fleck, B. W., Nieto-Hernandez, R., Guideline Development Groups (GDG) of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth). UK screening and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity updated 2022 guidelines. Early Hum. Dev. 177\u2013178, 105715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2023.105715 (2023).","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"52816_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.12.1684","volume":"121","author":"Early treatment for retinopathy Of prematurity cooperative group","year":"2003","unstructured":"Early treatment for retinopathy Of prematurity cooperative group. Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial. Arch. Ophthalmol. 121, 1684\u20131694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.121.12.1684 (2003).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR4","unstructured":"Treating Retinopathy of prematurity in UK; the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth) Clinical Guidelines 1\u20135. (2022)."},{"key":"52816_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.10564","volume":"328","author":"A Stahl","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stahl, A. et al. Effect of intravitreal aflibercept vs laser photocoagulation on treatment success of retinopathy of prematurity: The FIREFLEYE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 328, 348\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.10564 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"52816_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06224-9","volume":"262","author":"M Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, M. et al. Efficacy comparison of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs for the treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity: A network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 262, 1409\u20131419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06224-9 (2024).","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-023-01543-3","volume":"49","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. The efficacy and ocular safety following aflibercept, conbercept, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and laser for retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ital. J. Pediatr. 49, 136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-023-01543-3 (2023).","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"52816_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2024.02.005","volume":"69","author":"A Ortiz-Seller","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ortiz-Seller, A. et al. Comparison of different agents and doses of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (aflibercept, bevacizumab, conbercept, ranibizumab) versus laser for retinopathy of prematurity: a network meta-analysis. Surv. Ophthalmol. 69, 585\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2024.02.005 (2024).","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.12.002","volume":"8","author":"JM Pfeil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pfeil, J. M. et al. Treated cases of retinopathy of prematurity in Germany: 10-Year data from the retina.net retinopathy of prematurity registry. Ophthalmol. Retina. 8, 579\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2023.12.002 (2024).","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina."},{"key":"52816_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-308375","volume":"101","author":"B Mueller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mueller, B. et al. Treatment of type I ROP with intravitreal bevacizumab or laser photocoagulation according to retinal zone. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 101, 365\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-308375 (2017).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0643-4","volume":"34","author":"P Sen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sen, P. et al. Retinopathy of prematurity treatment: Asian perspectives. Eye. (Lond) 34, 632\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-019-0643-4 (2020).","journal-title":"Eye. (Lond)"},{"key":"52816_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-019-01269-4","volume":"40","author":"TR Padhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Padhi, T. R. et al. Characteristics of \u201csawtooth shunt\u201d following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Int. Ophthalmol. 40, 1007\u20131015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-019-01269-4 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314874","volume":"104","author":"G Holmstr\u00f6m","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holmstr\u00f6m, G. et al. New modifications of Swedish ROP guidelines based on 10-year data from the SWEDROP register. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 104, 943\u2013949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314874 (2020).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991","volume":"123","author":"International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity","year":"2005","unstructured":"International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The international classification of retinopathy of prematurity revisited. Arch. Ophthalmol. 123, 991\u2013999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991 (2005).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.05.031","volume":"128","author":"MF Chiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiang, M. F. et al. International classification of retinopathy of prematurity, third edition. Ophthalmology. 128, e51\u2013e68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.05.031 (2021) (6.).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"52816_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1007374","volume":"364","author":"HA Mintz-Hittner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mintz-Hittner, H. A., Kennedy, K. A., Chuang, A. Z., BEAT-ROP Cooperative Group. Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity. N. Engl. J. Med. 364, 603\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa1007374 (2011).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"52816_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.5935\/0004-2749.20150090","volume":"78","author":"MK Erol","year":"2015","unstructured":"Erol, M. K. et al. Comparison of intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. Arq. Bras. Oftalmol. 78, 340\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0004-2749.20150090 (2015).","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Oftalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000364809","volume":"53","author":"AG Salman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salman, A. G. & Said, A. M. Structural, visual and refractive outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept injection in high-risk prethreshold type 1 retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmic. Res. 53, 15\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000364809 (2015).","journal-title":"Ophthalmic. Res."},{"key":"52816_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-2996","volume":"131","author":"WM Fierson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fierson, W. M., American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophthalmology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Association of Certified Orthoptists. Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics. 131, 189\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2012-2996 (2013).","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"52816_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.592","volume":"130","author":"J Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu, J. et al. Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity after bevacizumab injection. Arch. Ophthalmol. 130, 1000\u20131006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.592 (2012).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-022-00364-6","volume":"8","author":"M Mirghorbani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mirghorbani, M. et al. Progression of retinal vascularization after intravitreal anti-vascular-endothelial growth factor therapy in retinopathy of prematurity. Int. J. Retin. Vitr. 8, 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40942-022-00364-6 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Retin. Vitr."},{"key":"52816_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01922-2","volume":"36","author":"SC Chow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chow, S. C., Lam, P. Y., Lam, W. C. & Fung, N. S. K. The role of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in treatment of retinopathy of prematurity-a current review. Eye. (Lond) 36, 1532\u20131545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-021-01922-2 (2022).","journal-title":"Eye. (Lond)"},{"key":"52816_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01814-5","volume":"36","author":"RM Bassiouny","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bassiouny, R. M. et al. Clinical outcome following reinjection of ranibizumab for reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity. Eye. (Lond) 36, 2137\u20132143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-021-01814-5 (2022).","journal-title":"Eye. (Lond)"},{"key":"52816_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2020-000695","volume":"6","author":"P Lundgren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lundgren, P. et al. High rate and large intercentre variability in retreatment of retinopathy of prematurity in infants born <24 gestational weeks. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 6, e000695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjophth-2020-000695 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)31344-3","volume":"394","author":"A Stahl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stahl, A. et al. Ranibizumab versus laser therapy for the treatment of very low birth weight infants with retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW): an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 394, 1551\u20131559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)31344-3 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"52816_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.02.006","volume":"6","author":"BW Fleck","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fleck, B. W. et al. Time course of retinopathy of prematurity regression and reactivation after treatment with ranibizumab or laser in the RAINBOW Trial. Ophthalmol. Retina. 6, 628\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2022.02.006 (2022).","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retina."},{"key":"52816_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.04.028","volume":"123","author":"HA Mintz-Hittner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mintz-Hittner, H. A., Geloneck, M. M. & Chuang, A. Z. Clinical management of recurrent of retinopathy of prematurity after intravitreal bevacizumab monotheraphy. Ophthalmology. 123, 1845\u20131855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.04.028 (2016).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"52816_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793e","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000002663","volume":"40","author":"KP Ling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ling, K. P. et al. Rates and risk factors for recurrence of retinopathy of prematurity after laser or intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy. Retina. 40, 1793e\u201311803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000002663 (2020).","journal-title":"Retina."},{"key":"52816_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752e","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0151-y","volume":"32","author":"GG Adams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adams, G. G. et al. Retinopathy of prematurity in the United Kingdom: retreatment rates, visual and structural 1-year outcomes. Eye. (Lond) 32, 1752e\u201311759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-018-0151-y (2018).","journal-title":"Eye. (Lond)"},{"key":"52816_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20680","volume":"58","author":"J Lyu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lyu, J. et al. Recurrence of retinopathy of prematurity after intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy: Timing and risk factors. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 58, 1719\u20131725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.16-20680 (2017).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"52816_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.12.028","volume":"128","author":"GP Barry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barry, G. P. et al. Retinal detachment after treatment of retinopathy of prematurity with laser versus intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. Ophthalmology. 128, 1188e\u201311196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.12.028 (2021).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"52816_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-018-4168-5","volume":"257","author":"EA Sukgen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sukgen, E. A. & Ko\u00e7luk, Y. Comparison of clinical outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab and aflibercept treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 257, 49\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-018-4168-5 (2019).","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000002754","volume":"40","author":"YT Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, Y. T. et al. Anatomical and functional results of \u0131ntravitreal aflibercept monotherapy for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity: one-year outcomes. Retina. 40, 2366\u20132372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000002754 (2020).","journal-title":"Retina."},{"key":"52816_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2024.113913","volume":"273","author":"CC Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee, C. C. et al. Clinical risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity reactivation after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injection. J. Pediatr. 273, 113913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2024.113913 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"52816_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-02188-z","volume":"42","author":"E S\u00fcren","year":"2022","unstructured":"S\u00fcren, E. et al. Comparison of bevacizumab, ranibizumab and aflibercept in retinopathy of prematurity treatment. Int. Ophthalmol. 42, 1905\u20131913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-021-02188-z (2022).","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.042","volume":"129","author":"E Chang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang, E., Josan, A. S., Purohit, R., Patel, C. K. & Xue, K. A network meta-analysis of retreatment rates following bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, and laser for retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology. 129, 1389\u20131401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.042 (2022).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"52816_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2024.08.011","volume":"46","author":"T Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, T., Zhang, J., Hao, Q., Ma, S. & Cheng, X. Efficacy and safety of aflibercept and ranibizumab in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Clin. Ther. 46, 773\u2013777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2024.08.011 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"52816_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.8.43","volume":"9","author":"M Fidler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fidler, M. et al. Ranibizumab population pharmacokinetics and free VEGF pharmacodynamics in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity in the RAINBOW trial. Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol. 9, 43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.9.8.43 (2020).","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"52816_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000001209","volume":"37","author":"WC Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu, W. C. et al. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor after bevacizumab or ranibizumab treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. Retina. 37, 694\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000001209 (2017).","journal-title":"Retina."},{"key":"52816_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311789","volume":"102","author":"AY Bas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bas, A. Y. et al. Incidence, risk factors and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in Turkey (TR-ROP study): a prospective, multicentre study in 69 neonatal intensive care units. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 102, 1711\u20131716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-311789 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02591-9","volume":"22","author":"OE Yucel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yucel, O. E., Eraydin, B., Niyaz, L. & Terzi, O. Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in premature, extremely low birth weight and extremely low gestational age infants. BMC. Ophthalmol. 22, 367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02591-9 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000000578","volume":"35","author":"RK Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong, R. K., Hubschman, S. & Tsui, I. Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity after ranibizumab treatment. Retina. 35, 675\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000000578 (2015).","journal-title":"Retina."},{"key":"52816_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26229-4","volume":"12","author":"NR Ramirez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramirez, N. R., Aranda, G. L., Diaz, F. R., Frias, F. J. P. & Tamayo, T. S. Risk factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity development and progression. Sci. Rep. 12, 21977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-26229-4 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"52816_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2019.05.014","volume":"23","author":"PK Shah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shah, P. K. et al. Aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity in two cohorts of patients in South India: Implications for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. J. AAPOS. 23, 264.e1-264.e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2019.05.014 (2019).","journal-title":"J. AAPOS."},{"key":"52816_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2022.101785","volume":"29","author":"RC Gunzenhauser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gunzenhauser, R. C., Lee, Y. H. & Tsui, I. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after retinopathy of prematurity laser treatment. Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case. Rep. 29, 101785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajoc.2022.101785 (2022).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case. Rep."},{"key":"52816_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00744-7","volume":"12","author":"ME Harnett","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harnett, M. E. & Stahl, A. Laser versus Anti-VEGF: a paradigm shift for treatment-warranted retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmol. Ther. 12, 2241\u20132252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-023-00744-7 (2023).","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Ther."},{"key":"52816_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4103\/joco.joco_38_23","volume":"35","author":"MH Nowroozzadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nowroozzadeh, M. H. et al. An update on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. J. Curr. Ophthalmol. 35, 125\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/joco.joco_38_23 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Curr. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029","volume":"69","author":"B Long","year":"2023","unstructured":"Long, B., Liang, S. Y. & Gottlieb, M. Crush injury and syndrome: a review for emergency clinicians. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 69, 180\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2023.04.029 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"52816_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702174","volume":"21","author":"L Gnanaraj","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gnanaraj, L. et al. Ocular manifestations of crush head injury in children. Eye. (Lond) 21, 5\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.eye.6702174 (2007).","journal-title":"Eye. (Lond)"},{"key":"52816_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000169127","volume":"1","author":"LB Sukhinina","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sukhinina, L. B., Monakhov, B. V., Zhuravlev, A., Nesterenko, O. N. & Zhuravleva, L. V. The ophthalmological manifestations of the crush syndrome based on data on the earthquake in Armenia. Voen. Med. Zh. 1, 36\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000169127 (1991).","journal-title":"Voen. Med. Zh."},{"key":"52816_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.03.001","volume":"66","author":"Y Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan, Y. et al. Anti-VEGF crunch syndrome in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a review. Surv. Ophthalmol. 66, 926\u2013932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.03.001 (2021).","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-240506","author":"AJ Bromeo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bromeo, A. J., Veloso, A., Lerit, S. J. & Gomez, M. C. Tractional retinal detachment (\u201ccrunch\u201d phenomenon) from intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in central retinal vein occlusion. BMJ. Case. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-240506 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ. Case. Rep."},{"key":"52816_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6703036","volume":"22","author":"P Tranos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tranos, P., Gemenetzi, M., Papandroudis, A., Chrisafis, C. & Papadakos, D. Progression of diabetic tractional retinal detachment following single injection of intravitreal avastin. Eye. (Lond) 22, 862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.eye.6703036 (2008).","journal-title":"Eye. (Lond)"},{"key":"52816_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2020.1773872","volume":"27","author":"LY Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin, L. Y. et al. Symmetry of disease in retinopathy of prematurity in the postnatal growth and retinopathy of prematurity (G-ROP) study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 27, 477\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09286586.2020.1773872 (2020).","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol."},{"key":"52816_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-018-1346-9","volume":"55","author":"D Kumawat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumawat, D., Chandra, P. & Tewari, R. Asymmetric presentation of retinopathy of prematurity. Indian Pediatr. 55, 523\u2013524 (2018).","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."},{"key":"52816_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_125_21","volume":"70","author":"S Khokhar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khokhar, S. et al. Cataract in retinopathy of prematurity - a review. Indian J. Ophthalmol. 70, 369\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_125_21 (2022).","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"52816_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20190219-02","volume":"56","author":"S Khokhar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khokhar, S., Chandra, P., Gupta, Y., Kumawat, D. & Dhull, C. Bilateral total cataract after intravitreal bevacizumab \u0131njection in aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. J. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus. 56, e28\u2013e30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01913913-20190219-02 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus."},{"key":"52816_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"JF Salmon Chapter 10 \u2013 Lens. In: Kanski\u2019s Synopsis of Clinical Ophthalmology. Elsevier, 4th edn. pp 161\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-7020-8373-0.00010-5. (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-8373-0.00010-5"},{"key":"52816_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GL Spaeth HV Danesh-Meyer I Goldberg A Kampik Chapter 21 - Corneal surgery. In: Ophthalmic Surgery: Principles and Practice. W.B. Saunders, 4th edn. pp 96\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-1-4377-2250-5.00021-7. (2012) .","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-2250-5.00021-7"},{"key":"52816_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0943-1","volume":"14","author":"JC Rivera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rivera, J. C. et al. Retinopathy of prematurity: Inflammation, choroidal degeneration, and novel promising therapeutic strategies. J. Neuroinflammation. 14, 165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-017-0943-1 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-52816-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-52816-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-52816-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T13:02:54Z","timestamp":1784120574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-52816-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["52816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-52816-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"22246"}}