{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T11:12:47Z","timestamp":1784113967445,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSR Corporation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22K10021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K10021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22K10021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K10021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22K10021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K10021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Peri-implantitis, an inflammatory condition caused by bacterial infection around an implant, is currently the leading cause of implant failure.\n                    <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), an anaerobic bacterial pathogen associated with periodontitis, is known to play a key role in peri-implantitis. To address this issue, the present study examined the antibacterial properties of silver ion (Ag\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    )-coated titanium implants against\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and their ability to prevent bone loss. Ag\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -coated implants, i.e., Ti implants coated with Ag\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions on a hydroxyapatite film chelated with inositol hexaphosphate, demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the Ti wire configuration in inhibition zone assays (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094 per group). Furthermore, in a murine model of ligature-induced peri-implantitis, these implants significantly reduced alveolar bone resorption compared to uncoated titanium controls. This preclinical study suggests that applying an Ag\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    coating to dental implants is an effective strategy for preventing\n                    <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013induced peri-implantitis. In the control group, bone loss of 19\u201325% relative to baseline was observed at day 28, whereas the Ag\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -coated group exhibited only 15\u201320% bone loss (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098 per group per time point). These findings suggest the potential of Ag\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    coating as a preventive strategy against peri-implantitis-associated bone loss.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-53121-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T13:46:01Z","timestamp":1778766361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibacterial silver ion-coated dental implants suppress peri-implantitis in a murine model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mana","family":"Nasu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Soma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehito","family":"Ouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Kase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takazumi","family":"Yasui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuka","family":"Homma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kitaru","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Okano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taneaki","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Aizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"53121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12287","volume":"81","author":"T Chackartchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chackartchi, T., Romanos, G. E. & Sculean, A. Soft tissue-related complications and management around dental implants. Periodontology 2000. 81, 124\u2013138 (2019).","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"53121_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42146","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b17495","volume":"10","author":"L Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma, L. et al. Integrating 3D printing and biomimetic mineralization for personalized enhanced osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and osteointegration. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 10, 42146\u201342154 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"53121_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2010.00348.x","volume":"53","author":"LJ Heitz-Mayfield","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heitz-Mayfield, L. J. & Lang, N. P. Comparative biology of chronic and aggressive periodontitis vs. peri-implantitis. Periodontology 2000. 53, 167\u2013181 (2010).","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"53121_CR4","first-page":"S267","volume":"89","author":"F Schwarz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwarz, F., Derks, J., Monje, A. & Wang, H. L. Peri-implantitis. J. Periodontol. 89 (Suppl 1), S267\u2013S290 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol"},{"key":"53121_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01537.x","volume":"37","author":"C Fransson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fransson, C. et al. Severity and pattern of peri-implantitis-associated bone loss. J. Clin. Periodontol. 37, 442\u2013448 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"53121_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dixon, D. R. & London, R. M. Restorative design and associated risks for peri-implant diseases. Periodontology 2000. 81, 167\u2013178 (2019).","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12290"},{"key":"53121_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau3333","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333","volume":"5","author":"SS Dominy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dominy, S. S. et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brains: Evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors. Sci. Adv. 5, eaau3333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"53121_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14064","volume":"52","author":"A Norhammar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Norhammar, A. et al. Does periodontitis increase the risk for future cardiovascular events? long-term follow-up of the PAROKRANK study. J. Clin. Periodontol. 52, 16\u201323 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"53121_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.3390\/ma7053651","volume":"7","author":"ED de Avila","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Avila, E. D., de Molon, R. S., Vergani, C. E., de Assis Mollo, F. Jr. & Salih, V. The relationship between biofilm and physical-chemical properties of implant abutment materials for successful dental implants. Mater. (Basel Switzerland). 7, 3651\u20133662 (2014).","journal-title":"Mater. (Basel Switzerland)"},{"key":"53121_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5398","DOI":"10.3390\/ma8085251","volume":"8","author":"K Duske","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duske, K. Comparative analysis of the biocompatibility of a titanium alloy functionally coated with hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and magnesium. Materials 8, 5398\u20135412 (2015).","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"53121_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20304","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b05947","volume":"7","author":"F Hizal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hizal, F. et al. Impact of 3D hierarchical nanostructures on the antibacterial efficacy of a bacteria-triggered self-defensive antibiotic coating. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7, 20304\u201320313 (2015).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"53121_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13464","volume":"48","author":"YCM De Waal","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Waal, Y. C. M., Vangsted, T. E. & Van Winkelhoff, A. J. Systemic antibiotic therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment: a single-blind RCT. J. Clin. Periodontol. 48, 996\u20131006 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"53121_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13914","volume":"33","author":"A Polymeri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Polymeri, A. et al. Non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment with or without systemic antibiotics: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 33, 548\u2013557 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"53121_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.99","volume":"15","author":"H Koo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koo, H., Allan, R. N., Howlin, R. P., Stoodley, P. & Hall-Stoodley, L. Targeting microbial biofilms: Current and prospective therapeutic strategies. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 15, 740\u2013755 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"53121_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2013.08.026","volume":"33","author":"M Honda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Honda, M. et al. In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial properties of silver-containing hydroxyapatite prepared via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis route. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 33, 5008\u20135018 (2013).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"53121_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23238","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23238","volume":"6","author":"H Funao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Funao, H. et al. A novel hydroxyapatite film coated with ionic silver via inositol hexaphosphate chelation prevents implant-associated infection. Sci. Rep. 6, 23238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep23238 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"53121_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3602","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82992-w","volume":"11","author":"H Ishihama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ishihama, H. et al. An antibacterial coated polymer prevents biofilm formation and implant-associated infection. Sci. Rep. 11, 3602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-82992-w (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"53121_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S132327","volume":"12","author":"YM Long","year":"2017","unstructured":"Long, Y. M. et al. Surface ligand controls silver ion release of nanosilver and its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Int. J. Nanomed. 12, 3193\u20133206 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"53121_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.019","volume":"163","author":"X Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. The synergistic antibacterial activity and mechanism of multicomponent metal ions-containing aqueous solutions against Staphylococcus aureus. J. Inorg. Biochem. 163, 214\u2013220 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Inorg. Biochem."},{"key":"53121_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12136","volume":"40","author":"M Irshad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Irshad, M. et al. Influence of titanium on in vitro fibroblast-Porphyromonas gingivalis interaction in peri-implantitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 40, 841\u2013849 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"53121_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2017.170123","volume":"88","author":"GI Lafaurie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lafaurie, G. I. et al. Microbiome and microbial biofilm profiles of peri-implantitis: A systematic review. J. Periodontol. 88, 1066\u20131089 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol"},{"key":"53121_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12735","volume":"44","author":"R Tzach-Nahman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tzach-Nahman, R., Mizraji, G., Shapira, L., Nussbaum, G. & Wilensky, A. Oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis induces peri-implantitis in a murine model: Evaluation of bone loss and the local inflammatory response. J. Clin. Periodontol. 44, 739\u2013748 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"53121_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.1997.tb00093.x","volume":"6","author":"DA Curtis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Curtis, D. A., Kao, R., Plesh, O., Finzen, F. & Franz, L. Crevicular fluid analysis around two failing dental implants: a clinical report. J. Prosthodont. 6, 210\u2013214 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"53121_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.070672","volume":"80","author":"PM Duarte","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duarte, P. M. et al. Effect of anti-infective mechanical therapy on clinical parameters and cytokine levels in human peri-implant diseases. J. Periodont. 80, 234\u2013243 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Periodont"},{"key":"53121_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2008.01680.x","volume":"20","author":"PM Duarte","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duarte, P. M. et al. Differential cytokine expressions affect the severity of peri-implant disease. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 20, 514\u2013520 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"53121_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12817","volume":"45","author":"S Hiyari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hiyari, S. et al. Ligature-induced peri-implantitis and periodontitis in mice. J. Clin. Periodontol. 45, 89\u201399 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol"},{"key":"53121_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2002.130402.x","volume":"13","author":"M Hultin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hultin, M. et al. Microbiological findings and host response in patients with peri-implantitis. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 13, 349\u2013358 (2002).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"53121_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.2002.130610.x","volume":"13","author":"M Murata","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murata, M. et al. Osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline and interleukin-1beta in peri-implant crevicular fluid of patients with peri-implantitis. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 13, 637\u2013643 (2002).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"53121_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2006.01249.x","volume":"17","author":"ML Laine","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laine, M. L. et al. IL-1RN gene polymorphism is associated with peri-implantitis. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 17, 380\u2013385 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"53121_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2009.10.006","volume":"55","author":"PM Duarte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duarte, P. M., Tezolin, K. R., Figueiredo, L. C., Feres, M. & Bastos, M. F. Microbial profile of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Arch. Oral Biol. 55, 142\u2013147 (2010).","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"53121_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01478-3","volume":"21","author":"P Aleksandrowicz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aleksandrowicz, P. et al. Analysis of IL-1\u03b2, CXCL8, and TNF-\u03b1 levels in the crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis or healthy implants. BMC Oral Health. 21, 120 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"53121_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515608832","volume":"95","author":"J Derks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Derks, J. et al. Effectiveness of implant therapy analyzed in a swedish population: Prevalence of peri-implantitis. J. Dent. Res. 95, 43\u201349 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"53121_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12160","volume":"25","author":"TE Rams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rams, T. E., Degener, J. E. & van Winkelhoff, A. J. Antibiotic resistance in human peri-implantitis microbiota. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 25, 82\u201390 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"53121_CR34","first-page":"603","volume":"240\u2013242","author":"J Nozaki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nozaki, J. et al. Biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite films formed on ti metal by a simple urea and urease treatment. Key Eng. Mater. 240\u2013242, 603\u2013606 (2002).","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"53121_CR35","first-page":"2663","volume":"29","author":"J Nozaki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nozaki, J. et al. Biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite films formed on Ti metal by a simple urea and urease treatment. Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Jpn. 29, 2663\u20132666 (2004).","journal-title":"Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Jpn"},{"key":"53121_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35157","volume":"103","author":"H Kakinuma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kakinuma, H. et al. Antibacterial polyetheretherketone implants immobilized with silver ions based on chelate-bonding ability of inositol phosphate: Processing, material characterization, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial properties. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 103, 57\u201364 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"53121_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12770","volume":"28","author":"TN Nguyen Vo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nguyen Vo, T. N. Ligature induced peri-implantitis: Tissue destruction and inflammatory progression in a murine model. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 28, 129\u2013136 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"53121_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-020-01174-2","volume":"39","author":"T Soma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soma, T. et al. Tooth extraction in mice administered zoledronate increases inflammatory cytokine levels and promotes osteonecrosis of the jaw. J. Bone Min. Metab. 39, 372\u2013384 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Metab."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-53121-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-53121-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-53121-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T11:02:16Z","timestamp":1784113336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-53121-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["53121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-53121-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study received in-kind support from JSR Corporation in the early stage of the research, primarily through provision of research reagents and preliminary discussions. The company had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, interpretation of data, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"22128"}}