{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:54:23Z","timestamp":1785887663724,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":70,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Science and Technology Development Program Project","award":["232670GH0101111521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232670GH0101111521"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rezafungin (RZF) and anidulafungin (AFG) are echinocandins with potential for treating\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    endophthalmitis. We evaluated their antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in a rabbit endophthalmitis model. In vitro, minimum effective concentrations and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined, biofilm inhibition was assessed, and drug-induced structural damage was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 mRNA levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages were measured to assess inflammatory regulation. In vivo, a rabbit model of\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    endophthalmitis was established and, 24\u00a0h after infection, eyes received a single intravitreal injection of liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, RZF, AFG or normal saline. Clinical inflammation scores, intraocular fungal burden, aqueous humor TNF-\u03b1 levels and histopathological changes were compared among groups. RZF and AFG showed low minimum effective concentrations, inhibited biofilm formation, disrupted fungal cell wall and membrane integrity in vitro and significantly reduced intraocular inflammation, fungal burden and aqueous humor TNF-\u03b1 in vivo, with overall efficacy comparable to that of liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole. These findings support RZF and AFG as promising alternative agents for intravitreal therapy of\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    endophthalmitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-53347-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T23:14:27Z","timestamp":1779837267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intravitreal rezafungin and anidulafungin in a rabbit model of Aspergillus fumigatus endophthalmitis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"53347_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12030679","volume":"12","author":"C Danielescu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Danielescu, C., Stanca, H. T., Iorga, R. E., Darabus, D. M. & Potop, V. The diagnosis and treatment of fungal endophthalmitis: an update. Diagnostics 12, 679 (2022).","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"53347_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00113-16","volume":"30","author":"ML Durand","year":"2017","unstructured":"Durand, M. L. Bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 30, 597\u2013613 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"53347_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326","volume":"63","author":"TF Patterson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patterson, T. F. et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Aspergillosis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis. Off Publ Infect. Dis. Soc. Am. 63, e1\u2013e60 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off Publ Infect. Dis. Soc. 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PLOS ONE. 7, e35478 (2012).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"53347_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2009.09.003","volume":"47","author":"LA Walker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Walker, L. A., Gow, N. A. R. & Munro, C. A. Fungal echinocandin resistance. Fungal Genet. Biol. 47, 117\u2013126 (2010).","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"53347_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040192","volume":"6","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Perlin, D. S., Zhao, Y. & Perlin, D. S. Review of the Novel Echinocandin Antifungal Rezafungin: Animal Studies and Clinical Data. J Fungi 6, 192 (2020).","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"53347_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v10i2.873","volume":"10","author":"J Saghir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saghir, J. et al. Efficacy of rezafungin on Candida albicans endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. Pathog Immun. 10, 230\u2013242 (2025).","journal-title":"Pathog Immun."},{"key":"53347_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2016.1170857","volume":"42","author":"E Karagoz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karagoz, E. et al. A comparative study of the effects of intravitreal anidulafungin, voriconazole, and amphotericin B in an experimental Candida endophthalmitis model. Curr. Eye Res. 42, 225\u2013232 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"53347_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01891-8","volume":"83","author":"YY Syed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Syed, Y. Y. Rezafungin: first approval. Drugs 83, 833\u2013840 (2023).","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"53347_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01541","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01541-16","volume":"61","author":"KD James","year":"2017","unstructured":"James, K. D., Laudeman, C. P., Malkar, N. B., Krishnan, R. & Polowy, K. 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