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In this cross-sectional study, 1,040 adults aged 45\u201359\u00a0years underwent preventive clinical examinations comprising self-reported medical histories, anamneses, previous medical records, and laboratory tests (LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, HbA1c, TSH). Suspected diagnoses were defined by clinical thresholds (e.g., LDL\u2009&gt;\u2009116\u00a0mg\/dl, hypertension\u2009\u2265\u2009140\/90\u00a0mmHg, HbA1c\u2009&gt;\u20096.0%). Multivariable logistic regression analyzed associations between multiple variables and the three binary outcomes, any suspected diagnosis of hypertension and elevated cholesterol. The mean age of participants was 52.93\u00a0years (sd\u2009=\u20094.17), with 61% male (n\u2009=\u2009631). In total, 421 (41%) had at least one newly identified suspected diagnosis. The most frequent findings were elevated LDL cholesterol (n\u2009=\u2009287, 28%) and hypertension (n\u2009=\u200993, 9%). Male sex was associated with higher odds of any suspected diagnosis (OR: 1.42; 95%-CI: 1.09\u20131.85) and having hypertension (OR: 2.24; 95%-CI: 1.31\u20133.99). BMI was associated with hypertension (OR: 1.15; 95%-CI: 1.08\u20131.21) and showed a weak association with elevated cholesterol (OR: 1.04; 95%-CI: 1.00\u20131.08). A recent blood test was linked to lower odds of any suspected findings (OR: 0.65; 95%-CI: 0.50\u20130.84). No consistent associations were observed for lifestyle factors. A family history of dyslipidemia was associated with elevated cholesterol (OR: 1.55; 95%-CI: 1.01\u20132.40). Preventive health screenings can reveal a substantial number of previously undiagnosed conditions, particularly among individuals with limited healthcare contact or elevated risk. The findings suggest that such screenings may offer a significant value for targeted risk groups in midlife. Further research should evaluate long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-53658-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T07:36:10Z","timestamp":1780472170000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of previously undiagnosed conditions in midlife preventive health examinations"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Kalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Hafermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilman J.","family":"Pulst Caliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Grei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Karathanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charleen","family":"P\u00e4chter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Wolfarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"53658_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076565","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1076565","volume":"11","author":"L Kalski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kalski, L. et al. 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