{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:45:24Z","timestamp":1785804324934,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":71,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2024B01007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024B01007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 42472236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 42472236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program","award":["2022xjkk1003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022xjkk1003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-54097-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T16:25:04Z","timestamp":1779726304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation model for in-situ pyrolysis development potential of tar-rich coal based on fuzzy analysis, combined weighting, and grey-TOPSIS"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kexin","family":"Che","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"54097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2021.10.010","volume":"7","author":"H Dai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai, H. et al. Contemplation on China\u2019s Energy-Development Strategies and Initiatives in the Context of Its Carbon Neutrality Goal.. Engineering 7, 1684\u20131687 (2021).","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"issue":"9","key":"54097_CR2","first-page":"1","volume":"49","author":"S Guofa Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guofa Wang, S. et al. Development achievements of China\u2019s coal industry during the 13th Five-Year Plan period and implementation path of dual carbon target.. Coal Sci. Technol. 49(9), 1\u20138 (2021).","journal-title":"Coal Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"54097_CR3","first-page":"1625","volume":"44","author":"K Qiang Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qiang Wu, K. et al. Discussion on the main problems and countermeasures for building an upgrade version of main energy (coal) industry in China.. J. China Coal Soc. 44(6), 1625\u20131636 (2019).","journal-title":"J. China Coal Soc."},{"key":"54097_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2024.133465","volume":"381","author":"M Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, M. et al. Experimental investigation on gas-liquid-solid tri-phase product distributions during the simulated in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal.. Fuel 381, 133465 (2025).","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"6","key":"54097_CR5","first-page":"959","volume":"15","author":"B Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei, B. et al. Current status and development directions of surface and in-situ low-carbon development and utilization technologies for oil-rich coal in Xinjiang.. Petroleum Reserv. Evaluation Dev. 15(6), 959\u2013971 (2025).","journal-title":"Petroleum Reserv. Evaluation Dev."},{"key":"54097_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2023.105391","volume":"167","author":"JU Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, J. U. et al. Microwave-aided pyrolysis and fragmentation of tar-rich coal and rocks for in situ coal conversion and clean utilization.. Int. J. Rock. Mech. Min. 167, 105391 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock. Mech. Min."},{"key":"54097_CR7","first-page":"176","volume":"52","author":"Z Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, Z. et al. Distributions of products from the pyrolysis of tar-rich coals for tar extraction innorthern Shaanxi Province, China\u00a0. Coal Geol. Exploration 52, 176\u2013188 (2024).","journal-title":"Coal Geol. Exploration"},{"key":"54097_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. Potential analysis and technical conception of exploitation and utilization of tar-rich coal in western China. Strategic Study of CAE 49\u201357 (2022).","DOI":"10.15302\/J-SSCAE-2022.03.006"},{"issue":"05","key":"54097_CR9","first-page":"1365","volume":"46","author":"Q Shuangming Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shuangming Wang, Q. et al. Resource property and exploitation concepts with Green and low-carbon of tar-rich coal as coal-based oil and gas.. J. China Coal Soc. 46(05), 1365\u20131377 (2021).","journal-title":"J. China Coal Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"54097_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"52","author":"Y Shuangming Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shuangming Wang, Y. et al. Research on tar-rich coals: Progress and prospects. Coal Geology& Explor. 52(4), 1\u201311 (2024).","journal-title":"Coal Geology& Explor."},{"key":"54097_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18915","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c01321","volume":"8","author":"F Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, F. et al. Thermodynamic analysis of in situ underground pyrolysis of tar-rich coal: Primary reactions. ACS. Omega 8, 18915\u201318929 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS. Omega"},{"key":"54097_CR12","unstructured":"Zhen Dong, Y. et al. Challenges and Technical Strategies. In for In-situ Pyrolysis of Oil-Rich Coal. 45 14\u201329 (Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources, 2025)."},{"key":"54097_CR13","unstructured":"Zhonghui Duan, F. et al. Pilot experiment for underground in-situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal inthe northern Shaanxi Province. 52, 14\u201324 (Coal Geology & Exploration, 2024)."},{"issue":"8","key":"54097_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"35","author":"L Zhonghui Duan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhonghui Duan, L. et al. Prospect of in-situ pyrolysis development of oil-rich coal in Dabaodang.. Coal Geol. China 35(8), 1\u20136 (2023).","journal-title":"Coal Geol. China"},{"key":"54097_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2024.106729","volume":"183","author":"Z Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, Z. et al. Kinetic characteristics and product distribution of tar-rich coal in-situ underground pyrolysis: Influence of heterogeneous coal seam. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 183, 106729 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"54097_CR16","unstructured":"Cai, F. et al. Occurrence Characteristics and Potential Analysis of Tar-Rich Coal in Coal Seam 9 of Hongdunzi Mining Area[J]. Inner Mongolia Coal Econ., (12): 190\u2013192. (2025)."},{"issue":"1","key":"54097_CR17","first-page":"280","volume":"100","author":"R Xiangyang Liu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Xiangyang Liu, R. et al. Division of oil-rich coal favorable zones of the Dananhu F1 south minefield, Xinjiang and suggestionsforin-situ pyrolysis development.. Acta Geol. Sinica 100(1), 280 (2026).","journal-title":"Acta Geol. Sinica"},{"key":"54097_CR18","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Occurrence characteristics and resource potential evaluation of tar-rich coal for No.5\u2009\u2013\u20092 coal seam in Shenfu Mining Area","author":"H Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, H. et al. Occurrence characteristics and resource potential evaluation of tar-rich coal for No.5\u2009\u2013\u20092 coal seam in Shenfu Mining Area Vol. 49, 26\u201332 (Coal Geology & Exploration, 2021)."},{"key":"54097_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en18154034","volume":"18","author":"G Jing","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jing, G. et al. Geological evaluation of in-situ pyrolysis development of oil-rich coal in Tiaohu Mining Area, Santanghu Basin, Xinjiang, China. Energies 18, 4034 (2025).","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"54097_CR20","first-page":"159","volume":"11","author":"Q Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun, Q. Sedimentary environment and coal accumulation rule in the detailed investigation area of the Danan Lake coalfield, HAMI, XINJIANG. Inner Mongolia Coal Economy 11, 159\u2013160 (2018).","journal-title":"Inner Mongolia Coal Economy"},{"issue":"11","key":"54097_CR21","first-page":"5104","volume":"50","author":"K Liang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liang, K. et al. Paleogeography and coal accumulation model of the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation in western Dananhu Coalfield of Turpan-Hami Basin. J. China Coal Soc. 50(11), 5104\u20135115 (2025).","journal-title":"J. China Coal Soc."},{"issue":"02","key":"54097_CR22","first-page":"215","volume":"11","author":"D Longyi Shao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Longyi Shao, D. et al. Sequence stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the Lower and Middle Jurassic coal measures in Turpan-Hami Basin. J. Palaeogeography 11(02), 215\u2013224 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Palaeogeography"},{"issue":"5","key":"54097_CR23","first-page":"1777","volume":"47","author":"C He Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"He Zhou, C. et al. Construction of Geological Selection Index System and Evaluation Technology of Favorable Area for Underground Coal Gasification. Earth Sci. 47(5), 1777\u20131790 (2022).","journal-title":"Earth Sci."},{"key":"54097_CR24","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Geological condition assessment and selection of optimal favorable areas for deep underground coal gasification in the Yanchuannan block","author":"Z Xin Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xin Li, Z. et al. Geological condition assessment and selection of optimal favorable areas for deep underground coal gasification in the Yanchuannan block Vol. 53, 44\u201354 (Coal Geology & Exploration, 2025)."},{"issue":"S1","key":"54097_CR25","first-page":"462","volume":"50","author":"P Lai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lai, P. et al. Geological evaluation and prediction of favorable areas of underground coal gasification in the Third Area of Aiding Lake in Tuha Basin. J. China Coal Soc. 50(S1), 462\u2013475 (2025).","journal-title":"J. China Coal Soc."},{"issue":"8","key":"54097_CR26","first-page":"259","volume":"50","author":"WU Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng, W. U. et al. Research progress on influencing factors and evaluation methods of underground coal gasification.. Coal Sci. Technol. 50(8), 259\u2013269 (2022).","journal-title":"Coal Sci. Technol."},{"key":"54097_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, Y. & Wu, W. Characterization of brittleness evolution of hot dry rock during cyclic thermal treatment. Acta Geotech., 1\u201311. (2026).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11440-026-02947-1"},{"key":"54097_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.5c06341","volume-title":"Crack propagation characteristics in shale under cyclic in situ methane detonation impact fracturing.","author":"C Cai","year":"2026","unstructured":"Cai, C. et al. Crack propagation characteristics in shale under cyclic in situ methane detonation impact fracturing. (Energy & Fuels, 2026)."},{"issue":"8","key":"54097_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr14081199","volume":"14","author":"K Li","year":"2026","unstructured":"Li, K. et al. Review on thermal stimulation in deep geothermal reservoirs: Thermo-mechanical mechanisms and fracture evolution. Processes 14(8), 1199 (2026).","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"54097_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-46075-y","author":"G Li","year":"2026","unstructured":"Li, G. et al. Study on coal wall spalling mechanism of large mining height working face based on folding mutation theory. Sci. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-46075-y (2026).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"54097_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2025.137124","volume":"406","author":"H Jinghao Yang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Jinghao Yang, H. et al. Evaluation model for CBM development potential in abandoned mines based on combined weighting and fuzzy analysis: a case study of the Huainan\u2013Huaibei coalfield, China. Fuel 406, 137124 (2026).","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"4","key":"54097_CR32","first-page":"500","volume":"37","author":"W Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang, W. & Wang, Z. Comprehensive evaluation model of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process with variable weight for underground coal gasification. J. Xi\u2019an Univ. Sci. Technol. 37(4), 500\u2013507 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Xi\u2019an Univ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"54097_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.3390\/app16052429","volume":"16","author":"W Wenjie Sun","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wenjie Sun, W. et al. Evaluation of water richness in coal seam roofs based on combined subjective-objective weighting and a matter-element extension model.. Appl. Sci. 16, 2429 (2026).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"54097_CR34","first-page":"58","volume":"6","author":"K He","year":"1997","unstructured":"He, K. A study on the scale of analytic hierarchy process. Syst. Eng.-Theor. Pract. 6, 58\u201362 (1997).","journal-title":"Syst. Eng.-Theor. Pract."},{"key":"54097_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68858-x","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Study on stability evaluation of goaf based on AHP and EWM- Taking the northern new district of Liaoyuan City as an example. Sci. Rep. 14, 17876 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"54097_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app15169197","volume":"15","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheng, Y. et al. Application of game theory weighting in roof water inrush risk assessment: A case study of the Banji Coal Mine, China. Appl. Sci. 15, 9197 (2025).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"54097_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-48318-9","volume-title":"Multiple attribute decision making methods and applications","author":"CL Hwang","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hwang, C. L. & Yoon, K. Multiple attribute decision making methods and applications 12\u201323 (Springer, 1981)."},{"issue":"5","key":"54097_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.3390\/en14051436","volume":"14","author":"JK MALGORZATA","year":"2021","unstructured":"MALGORZATA, J. K. et al. Application of MICMAC, fuzzy AHP, and fuzzy TOPSIS for evaluation of the maintenance factors affecting sustainable manufacturing[J]. Energies 14 (5), 1436\u20131446 (2021).","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"2","key":"54097_CR39","first-page":"203","volume":"57","author":"L Man Ke","year":"2025","unstructured":"Man Ke, L. & Zongxu, S. Deep learning shield attitude prediction model based on grey correlation analysis.. Adv. Eng. Sci. 57(2), 203\u2013213 (2025).","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"54097_CR40","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Y Wenguang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wenguang, Y. & Yunjie, W. A novel TOPSIS method based on improved grey relational analysis for multiattribute decision-making problem. Math. Probl. Eng. 1, 1\u201310 (2019).","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"54097_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.134459","volume":"411","author":"Y Miao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miao, Y. et al. A numerical model for predicting the drying shrinkage behavior of concrete under ultra-low relative humidity. Constr. Build. Mater. 411, 134459 (2024).","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"54097_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13113575","volume":"13","author":"M Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, M. et al. Geological evaluation and favorable area optimization for in situ pyrolysis of tar-rich coal: A case study from the Santanghu Basin, NW China. Processes 13, 3575 (2025).","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"54097_CR43","unstructured":"Yi, T. & Qin, Y. Yongfeng Zhou, et al. Research advances on the techno-economic evaluation of UCG projects.\u00a051, 1\u201316 (Coal Geology & Exploration, 2023)."},{"key":"54097_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2024.113733","volume":"101","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad, S. et al. Hydrogen production, storage, transportation and utilization for energy sector: A current status review. J. Energy Storage 101, 113733 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"issue":"11","key":"54097_CR45","first-page":"3670","volume":"46","author":"W Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma, W. et al. Environmental risk assessment of trace elements in the underground coal gasification residues.. J. China Coal Soc. 46(11), 3670\u20133681 (2021).","journal-title":"J. China Coal Soc."},{"key":"54097_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coal.2014.06.025","volume":"131","author":"B Bielowicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bielowicz, B. & Kasi\u0144ski, J. R. The possibility of underground gasification of lignite from Polish deposits. Int. J. Coal Geol. 131, 304\u2013318 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Geol."},{"key":"54097_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.06.087","volume":"208","author":"M Niec","year":"2017","unstructured":"Niec, M. et al. Evaluation of Coal Resources for Underground Gasification in Poland. Selection of Possible UCG Sites.. Fuel 208, 193\u2013202 (2017).","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"54097_CR48","unstructured":"Ze Zhou, T. et al. Exploring geological parameters sensitive to underground coal gasification.\u00a052, 24\u201336 (Coal Geology & Exploration, 2024)."},{"issue":"1","key":"54097_CR49","first-page":"290","volume":"48","author":"Y Qin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin, Y. et al. Analysis of geological conditions for risk control of UCG project.. J. China Coal Soc. 48(1), 290\u2013306 (2023).","journal-title":"J. China Coal Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"54097_CR50","first-page":"23","volume":"41","author":"R Shuqin Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shuqin Liu, R. et al. Location selection and groundwater pollution prevention & control regarding underground coal gasification.. Coal Sci. Technol. 41(5), 23\u201327 (2013).","journal-title":"Coal Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"54097_CR51","first-page":"2596","volume":"50","author":"Y Cui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cui, Y. et al. Geological evaluation and favorable area optimization for underground coal gasification in Zhalainuoer coal field.. J. China Coal Soc. 50(5), 2596\u20132609 (2025).","journal-title":"J. China Coal Soc."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-54097-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-54097-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-54097-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:03:56Z","timestamp":1785801836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-54097-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["54097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-54097-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"23939"}}