{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:05:14Z","timestamp":1792001114944,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":71,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Social media platforms, particularly short-video applications, have emerged as crucial channels for disseminating public health information. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in males represents a significant sexually transmitted disease burden with under-addressed health impacts. Despite its prevalence, the quality of HPV-related content targeting male audiences on these platforms remains unevaluated, posing potential risks to public health literacy. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 265 TikTok and Bilibili videos addressing male HPV infection.\u00a0Video reliability and educational quality were assessed using the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) instrument and Global Quality Scale (GQS).\u00a0The study used statistical analysis to examine the content and quality of videos on the two platforms, the identities of the uploaders and the correlations between these factors and user engagement data. Overall video quality was low (median GQS\u2009=\u20092.00; mDISCERN\u2009=\u20092.00). TikTok outperformed Bilibili in both engagement metrics and quality scores (GQS: TikTok median\u2009=\u20092.00 [IQR 2.00\u20133.00] vs. Bilibili\u2009=\u20092.00 [2.00\u20132.00],\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01; mDISCERN: 2.00 [2.00\u20133.00] vs. 2.00 [2.00\u20132.00]). Content gaps were prominent: only 15.8% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200942) covered prevention strategies (e.g., vaccination), while symptom descriptions dominated (29.8%). Specialist-generated videos scored significantly higher in quality (GQS\u2009=\u20093.00 [2.00\u20133.00]; mDISCERN\u2009=\u20092.00 [2.00\u20133.00]) than non-specialist content (GQS\u2009=\u20092.00 [2.00\u20132.00]; mDISCERN\u2009=\u20092.00 [2.00\u20132.00]). Engagement metrics showed no correlation with quality scores. Short-video platforms exhibit suboptimal quality in disseminating male HPV information, with TikTok marginally superior to Bilibili. Specialist involvement enhances content reliability, underscoring the importance of leveraging professional health communication on social media. Public health initiatives must prioritise engaging experts to amplify accurate prevention messaging, particularly regarding vaccination, and address current informational inequities, thereby improving community health outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-54717-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T11:56:28Z","timestamp":1779969388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quality and content evaluation of male HPV infection on Bilibili and TikTok: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Cheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuling","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanxin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"54717_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2013.11.002","volume":"26","author":"M Tommasino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tommasino, M. The human papillomavirus family and its role in carcinogenesis. Semin. Cancer Biol. 26, 13\u201321 (2014).","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"54717_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00305-4","volume":"11","author":"L Bruni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bruni, L. et al. Global and regional estimates of genital human papillomavirus prevalence among men: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob. Health 11, e1345\u2013e1362 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"54717_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70686","volume":"14","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus and genotype distribution in Chinese men: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med. 14, e70686 (2025).","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"54717_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1136\/ijgc-00009577-200509000-00005","volume":"15","author":"ME Scheurer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scheurer, M. E., Tortolero-Luna, G. & Adler-Storthz, K. Human papillomavirus infection: biology, epidemiology, and prevention. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer. 15, 727\u2013746 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer"},{"key":"54717_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2021.04.001","volume":"31","author":"N Scott-Wittenborn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scott-Wittenborn, N. & Fakhry, C. Epidemiology of HPV related malignancies. Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 31, 286\u2013296 (2021).","journal-title":"Semin. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"54717_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e180","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30488-7","volume":"8","author":"C de Martel","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Martel, C., Georges, D., Bray, F., Ferlay, J. & Clifford, G. M. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: A worldwide incidence analysis. Lancet Glob. Health 8, e180\u2013e190 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"54717_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6733a2","volume":"67","author":"EA Van Dyne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Dyne, E. A. et al. Trends in Human Papillomavirus-associated cancers - United States, 1999\u20132015. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 67, 918\u2013924 (2018).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"54717_CR8","volume":"50","author":"B Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie, B., Xiao, L. & Peng, L. Towards HPV elimination: Closing the gender gap by vaccinating and screening men. Lancet Reg. Health 50, 101251 (2025).","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health"},{"key":"54717_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13020172","volume":"13","author":"A Sucato","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sucato, A. et al. Human Papillomavirus infection in partners of women attending cervical cancer screening: A pilot study on prevalence, distribution, and potential use of vaccines. Vaccines 13, 172 (2025).","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"54717_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00840-y","volume":"19","author":"H Jaworek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jaworek, H. et al. Impact of Human Papillomavirus infection on semen parameters and reproductive outcomes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 19156. (2021).","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"54717_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251351077","volume":"11","author":"R Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu, R., Ren, Y., Li, X., Su, L. & Su, J. The quality and reliability of short videos about premature ovarian failure on Bilibili and TikTok: Cross-sectional study. Digit Health 11, 20552076251351077 (2025).","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"key":"54717_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19118","volume":"22","author":"Q Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, Q. et al. Health communication through news media during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Digital topic modeling approach. J Med Internet Res 22, e19118 (2020).","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"54717_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17323-x","volume":"24","author":"M Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, M. et al. Bilibili, TikTok, and YouTube as sources of information on gastric cancer: Assessment and analysis of the content and quality. BMC Public Health 2457. (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"54717_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22963-2","volume":"25","author":"F He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He, F. et al. Quality and reliability of pediatric pneumonia related short videos on mainstream platforms: Cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 25, 1896 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"54717_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-21535-z","volume":"15","author":"K Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, K. et al. BiliBili, Douyin and Xiaohongshu as health information platforms for stroke: Evaluating information quality and content. Sci Rep 1537705. (2025).","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"54717_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-022-02026-x","volume":"111","author":"T Memioglu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Memioglu, T. & Ozyasar, M. Analysis of YouTube videos as a source of information for myocarditis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin. Res. Cardiol. 111, 1113\u20131120 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"54717_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/19896","volume":"23","author":"LA Oktay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oktay, L. A. et al. Factors affecting engagement in web-based health care patient information: Narrative review of the literature. J. Med. Internet Res. 23, e19896 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"54717_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2023.107798","volume":"179","author":"CA Bravo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bravo, C. A., Walker, M. J., Papadopoulos, A. & McWhirter, J. E. Social media use in HPV-, cervical cancer-, and cervical screening-related research: A scoping review. Prev. Med. 179, 107798 (2024).","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"54717_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251379340","volume":"11","author":"L Su","year":"2025","unstructured":"Su, L. et al. Short video platforms as sources of health information about HPV vaccine: A content and quality analysis. Digit. Health 11, 20552076251379340 (2025).","journal-title":"Digit. Health"},{"key":"54717_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12161657","volume":"12","author":"J Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, J. & Yang, R. Campaign governance and playfulness: Unraveling Chinese HPV immunization promotion efforts on Douyin. Healthcare (Basel) 12, 1657 (2024).","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"54717_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.23.0093","volume":"44","author":"D Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park, D., Kwak, S. G., Kim, S. & Chang, M. C. Content Analysis of YouTube Videos on the Effect of Vitamin C on Common Cold. Korean J. Fam Med. 44, 342\u2013346 (2023).","journal-title":"Korean J. Fam Med."},{"key":"54717_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24885","volume":"10","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan, Y. & Wang, Q. Characteristics, hotspots, and prospects of short video research: A review of papers published in China from 2012 to 2022. Heliyon 10, e24885 (2024).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"54717_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-18708-2","volume":"24","author":"T Mao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mao, T. et al. Evaluation of TikTok videos on acute pancreatitis: Content quality and reliability analysis. BMC Public Health 24, 1216 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"54717_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2025.2552061","volume":"21","author":"LP Wong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wong, L. P. et al. Addressing male HPV vaccination in China: A narrative review of challenges and opportunities. Hum. Vaccin. Immunother. 21, 2552061 (2025).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"54717_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13030287","volume":"13","author":"X Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Gao, H. & Wang, J. A computational framework analysis of public attitudes toward male human papillomavirus infection and its vaccination in China: Based on Weibo data. Healthcare 13, 287 (2025).","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"54717_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10071054","volume":"10","author":"Y Tao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tao, Y., Shao, H., Zhang, T., Pu, J. & Tang, C. Factors influencing men\u2019s attitudes toward HPV vaccination in males included in the Chinese National Immunization Program. Vaccines 10, 1054 (2022).","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"54717_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1620953","volume":"15","author":"H Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun, H. et al. Retrospective analysis of the impact of human papillomavirus infection in the male genital tract on sperm: From a single center. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 15, 1620953 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"54717_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.641673","volume":"9","author":"C Montag","year":"2021","unstructured":"Montag, C., Yang, H. & Elhai, J. D. On the psychology of TikTok use: A first glimpse from empirical findings. Front. Public Health 9, 641673 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"54717_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241299642","volume":"10","author":"TS Menezes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Menezes, T. S. et al. Unraveling dental caries misinformation: Identifying predictive factors for engagement on Instagram. Digit. Health 10, 20552076241299642 (2024).","journal-title":"Digit. Health"},{"key":"54717_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251366390","volume":"11","author":"J Tu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tu, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Liang, L. & He, J. Evaluating the reliability and quality of knee osteoarthritis educational content on TikTok and Bilibili: A cross-sectional content analysis. Digit. Health 11, 20552076251366390 (2025).","journal-title":"Digit. Health"},{"key":"54717_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076241288831","volume":"10","author":"Y Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. The quality and reliability of short videos about thyroid nodules on BiliBili and TikTok: Cross-sectional study. Digit. Health 10, 20552076241288831 (2024).","journal-title":"Digit. Health"},{"key":"54717_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08680-1","volume":"15","author":"J Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, J., Wu, G., Che, X. & Guo, J. The quality and reliability of short videos about hypertension on TikTok: A cross-sectional study. Sci. Rep. 15, 25042 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"54717_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15599","DOI":"10.2196\/15599","volume":"22","author":"SM Mueller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mueller, S. M. et al. Fiction, Falsehoods, and Few Facts: Cross-Sectional Study on the Content-Related Quality of Atopic Eczema-Related Videos on YouTube. J. Med. Internet Res. 22, e15599 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"54717_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344212","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1344212","volume":"11","author":"Y Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai, Y. et al. The status quo of short videos as a health information source of Helicobacter pylori: a cross-sectional study. Front. Public. Health. 11, 1344212 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"key":"54717_CR35","first-page":"10","volume":"32","author":"JC Holland","year":"1982","unstructured":"Holland, J. C. Why patients seek unproven cancer remedies: a psychological perspective. CA Cancer J. Clin. 32, 10\u201314 (1982).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"54717_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2424151","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.29.6.e2424151.oar","volume":"29","author":"JDA Oliveira J\u00fanior","year":"2025","unstructured":"Oliveira J\u00fanior, J. D. A. et al. Are YouTube\u2122 and TikTok\u2122 videos useful as educational tool for patients with cleft lip and palate? Dent. Press. J. Orthod. 29, e2424151 (2025).","journal-title":"Dent. Press. J. Orthod."},{"key":"54717_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497855","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1497855","volume":"13","author":"F Almobarak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Almobarak, F. Assessing the quality, reliability, and transparency of YouTube videos on spiritual palliative care: a content analysis. Front. Public. Health. 13, 1497855 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"key":"54717_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23130-3","volume":"25","author":"Y Lei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lei, Y., Liao, F., Li, X. & Zhu, Y. Quality and reliability evaluation of pancreatic cancer-related video content on social short video platforms: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public. Health. 25, 1919 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"key":"54717_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205520762513650","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076251365086","volume":"11","author":"J Cao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cao, J., Zhang, F., Zhu, Z. & Xiong, W. Quality of cataract-related videos on TikTok and its influencing factors: A cross-sectional study. Digit. Health. 11, 20552076251365086 (2025).","journal-title":"Digit. Health"},{"key":"54717_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39162","DOI":"10.2196\/39162","volume":"25","author":"F Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, F., Zheng, S. & Wu, J. Quality of Information in Gallstone Disease Videos on TikTok: Cross-sectional Study. J. Med. Internet Res. 25, e39162 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-54717-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-54717-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-54717-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:02:24Z","timestamp":1786060944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-54717-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["54717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-54717-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study did not involve human participants, clinical data, laboratory animals or histological studies. All analyzed data were derived from publicly available videos on the TikTok and Bilibili platforms, and data collection was conducted in full compliance with their terms of service. No private or personally identifiable information was collected or processed, and no interactions occurred with users. Therefore, no ethical approval was required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"24447"}}