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Specialized preservation solutions such as DuraGraft and TiProtec aim to protect endothelial integrity during intraoperative storage; however, their long-term effects on venous graft adaptation remain unclear. In this study, saline, DuraGraft, and TiProtec were compared in a rat model of arterialized autologous jugular vein interposition grafting. Male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the three storage solutions or a Sham group with immediate implantation. Jugular veins were harvested, preserved for 2\u00a0h, and implanted into the infrarenal abdominal aorta using end-to-end microsurgical anastomoses. After 16 weeks, all grafts remained patent and exhibited pronounced arterial remodeling, including dilation, wall thickening, intimal hyperplasia, and loss of endothelium-dependent relaxation, while endothelium-independent relaxation was preserved. Although TiProtec-treated grafts showed slightly enhanced relaxation compared with saline-treated grafts, no preservation solution demonstrated a significant functional or structural advantage at 16 weeks. These findings suggest that long-term arterial loading is the dominant determinant of venous graft remodeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-55596-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:05:14Z","timestamp":1780585514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term outcomes of venous graft preservation in a rat autologous transplant model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Manuel J.","family":"Santander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiyana","family":"Mardus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Voigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard C.","family":"Danner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomislav","family":"Stojanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aschraf","family":"El-Essawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassina","family":"Baraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Kutschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Fawad","family":"Jebran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"55596_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy394","volume":"40","author":"FJ Neumann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neumann, F. 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