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However, identifying the animal species used in worked bone artifacts remains challenging, as manufacturing processes and use-wear often remove diagnostic morphological features. This study applies Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) to investigate raw material selection in textile-related bone tools from Augusta Emerita (M\u00e9rida, Spain), the capital of Roman Lusitania, dating to the 1st \u2212\u20093rd centuries CE. The archaeological context of the assemblage is particularly significant, originating from contexts consisting of a bone processing workshop for the manufacture and sale of bone objects that is one of the first installations of this type identified in the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 36 artifacts associated with textile production were analyzed where five main taxonomic groups were identified:\n                    <jats:italic>Bos taurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Bovidae\/Cervidae,\n                    <jats:italic>Cervus elaphus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Elephas maximus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and an unidentified avian species. These results indicate a functional selection of common domestic and wild taxa, while the presence of exotic materials points to long-distance trade networks and the potential symbolic or social significance of certain artifacts, particularly in funerary contexts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-55935-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:17:05Z","timestamp":1780319825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of raw material in textile bone instruments from the capital of the Roman Province of Lusitania (M\u00e9rida, Spain)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Roshan","family":"Paladugu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariya","family":"Antonosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Macarena","family":"Bustamante-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cleia","family":"Detry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"55935_CR1","first-page":"223","volume":"3","author":"DV Campana","year":"1990","unstructured":"Campana, D. 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