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However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process in CRC remain unclear. This study evaluated sequential Soxhlet extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>S. cusia<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves using integrated in-vitro and in-silico methods. Among the n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous fractions, the ethanolic extract exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against HCT-116 and SW-620 CRC cells, with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 54.37 and 77.52\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, respectively. GC\u2013MS analysis identified 13 phytoconstituents, and andrographolide was isolated for the first time from\n                    <jats:italic>S. cusia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and structurally characterized using UV\u2013Visible, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. Network pharmacology analysis identified checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1) as a central target. Molecular docking revealed favorable binding of andrographolide to CHEK1 (\u2212\u20096.40\u00a0kcal\/mol), comparable to that of the reference compound (\u2212\u20096.30\u00a0kcal\/mol), and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed complex stability. In vitro validation demonstrated dose-dependent apoptosis and proliferation inhibition in both cell lines, with significantly lower IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values at 48\u00a0h (isolated: 10.52\u2009\u00b1\u20091.91\u00b5M; commercial: 8.96\u2009\u00b1\u20099.35\u00b5M) than at 24\u00a0h. These findings identify CHEK1 as a mechanistically relevant target and support further translational investigation of\n                    <jats:italic>S. cusia-derived<\/jats:italic>\n                    andrographolide in CRC therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-56319-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:04:39Z","timestamp":1781532279000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Uncovering the potential anti-cancer compounds from Strobilanthes cusia against colorectal cancer through network pharmacology and molecular docking"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6137-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yogananthan","family":"Dhanapal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5196-7100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duraisamy","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0197-2541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sulekha","family":"Khute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8060-1591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paranthaman","family":"Subash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"56319_CR1","unstructured":"2. 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Evidence and potential mechanism of action of indigo naturalis. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives 12(3), e01174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/prp2.1174 (2024).","journal-title":"Pharmacology Research & Perspectives"},{"issue":"2","key":"56319_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13952","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13952","volume":"49","author":"Y-P Lian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lian, Y.-P., Zhou, J., Sun, L. & Chen, Q. An integrated strategy for discovering the active components of Indigo naturalis (Qing Dai). J. Food Biochem. 49(2), e13952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfbc.13952 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Food Biochem."},{"key":"56319_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-025-04521-1","volume":"25","author":"X Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Wang, Y., Liu, M. & Chen, T. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics study of six medicinal food homologous plants against colorectal cancer. 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