{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:27:32Z","timestamp":1787099252246,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":72,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-56326-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T03:46:53Z","timestamp":1780890413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Postoperative outcomes of combined interpectoral\u2013pectoserratus versus combined deep\u2013superficial serratus anterior plane blocks in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery: A prospective randomized study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alperen Kutay","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mesher","family":"Ensarioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ertan","family":"Demirdas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kubilay","family":"Karabacak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"56326_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/0218492317692465","volume":"25","author":"K Kikuchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kikuchi, K. & Mori, M. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review. Asian Cardiovasc. Thorac. Ann. 25, 364\u2013370 (2017).","journal-title":"Asian Cardiovasc. Thorac. Ann."},{"key":"56326_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90439-0","volume":"347","author":"AM Calafiore","year":"1996","unstructured":"Calafiore, A. M. & Angelini, G. D. Left anterior small thoracotomy (LAST) for coronary artery revascularisation. Lancet 347, 263\u2013264 (1996).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"56326_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-20-1535","volume":"13","author":"J Bonatti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bonatti, J., Wallner, S., Crailsheim, I., Grabenw\u00f6ger, M. & Winkler, B. Minimally invasive and robotic coronary artery bypass grafting\u2014a 25-year review. J. Thorac. Dis. 13, 1922 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"56326_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e3283653fd1","volume":"28","author":"M Ruel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ruel, M., Une, D., Bonatti, J. & McGinn, J. T. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting: Is it time for the robot? Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 28, 639\u2013645 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cardiol."},{"key":"56326_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2022.01.007","volume":"102","author":"JP Duggan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duggan, J. P., Peters, A. S., Trachiotis, G. D. & Antevil, J. L. Epidemiology of Coronary Artery Disease. Surg. Clin. North. Am. 102, 499\u2013516 (2022).","journal-title":"Surg. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"56326_CR6","first-page":"716","volume":"119","author":"T Doenst","year":"2022","unstructured":"Doenst, T. et al. The Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease\u2014Current Status Six Decades After the First Bypass Operation. Dtsch. Arztebl Int. 119, 716\u2013723 (2022).","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl Int."},{"key":"56326_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.165852","volume":"59","author":"S Sengupta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sengupta, S. Post-operative pulmonary complications after thoracotomy. Indian J. Anaesth. 59, 618\u2013626 (2015).","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"56326_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaceaccp\/mkv005","volume":"16","author":"A Mesbah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mesbah, A., Yeung, J. & Gao, F. Pain after thoracotomy. BJA Educ. 16, 1\u20137 (2016).","journal-title":"BJA Educ."},{"key":"56326_CR9","first-page":"11","volume":"83","author":"N Vadivelu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vadivelu, N., Mitra, S. & Narayan, D. Recent advances in postoperative pain management. Yale J. Biol. Med. 83, 11\u201325 (2010).","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"56326_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S144066","volume":"10","author":"TJ Gan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gan, T. J. Poorly controlled postoperative pain: prevalence, consequences, and prevention. J. Pain Res. 10, 2287\u20132298 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"56326_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-8-200604180-00008","volume":"144","author":"A Qaseem","year":"2006","unstructured":"Qaseem, A. et al. Risk assessment for and strategies to reduce perioperative pulmonary complications for patients undergoing noncardiothoracic surgery: a guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann. Intern. Med. 144, 575\u2013580 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"56326_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2020.04.011","volume":"34","author":"D Chandler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chandler, D. et al. Perioperative strategies for the reduction of postoperative pulmonary complications. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol. 34, 153\u2013166 (2020).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"56326_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.05.053","volume":"33","author":"LE Kwanten","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kwanten, L. E., O\u2019Brien, B. & Anwar, S. Opioid-Based Anesthesia and Analgesia for Adult Cardiac Surgery: History and Narrative Review of the Literature. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth. 33, 808\u2013816 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth."},{"key":"56326_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2022.10.026","volume":"37","author":"J Hargrave","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hargrave, J. et al. An Expert Review of Chest Wall Fascial Plane Blocks for Cardiac Surgery. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth. 37, 279\u2013290 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth."},{"key":"56326_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2023.01.020","volume":"166","author":"MC Grant","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grant, M. C. et al. Pain management and opioid stewardship in adult cardiac surgery: Joint consensus report of the PeriOperative Quality Initiative and the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Cardiac Society. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 166, 1695\u20131706e2 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"56326_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-982","volume":"16","author":"WW Omindo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Omindo, W. W. et al. Efficacy of ultrasound-guided second serratus anterior plane block on postoperative quality of recovery and analgesia after video-assisted thoracic surgery: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Thorac. Dis. 16, 4195\u20134207 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"56326_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03021489","volume":"55","author":"PK Tenenbein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tenenbein, P. K. et al. Thoracic epidural analgesia improves pulmonary function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Can. J. Anaesth. 55, 344\u2013350 (2008).","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"56326_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guay, J. & Kopp, S. Epidural analgesia for adults undergoing cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev 3, (2019).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006715.pub3"},{"key":"56326_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.09.017","volume":"33","author":"AJC Mittnacht","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mittnacht, A. J. C. et al. Regional Techniques for Cardiac and Cardiac-Related Procedures. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth. 33, 532\u2013546 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth."},{"key":"56326_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9784.41576","volume":"11","author":"Y Mehta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mehta, Y. et al. Comparison of continuous thoracic epidural and paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia after robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann. Card Anaesth. 11, 91\u201396 (2008).","journal-title":"Ann. Card Anaesth."},{"key":"56326_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aia.0000166335.69251.06","volume":"43","author":"S Ganapathy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ganapathy, S., Nielsen, K. C. & Steele, S. M. Outcomes after paravertebral blocks. Int. Anesthesiol Clin. 43, 185\u2013193 (2005).","journal-title":"Int. Anesthesiol Clin."},{"key":"56326_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y. et al. Benefits and risks of intermittent bolus erector spinae plane block through a catheter for patients after cardiac surgery through a lateral mini-thoracotomy: A propensity score matched retrospective cohort study. J Clin. Anesth 75, (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110489"},{"key":"56326_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berthoud, V. et al. Serratus anterior plane block for minimal invasive heart surgery. BMC Anesthesiol 18, (2018).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-018-0614-5"},{"key":"56326_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06838.x","volume":"66","author":"R Blanco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blanco, R. The \u2018pecs block\u2019: a novel technique for providing analgesia after breast surgery. Anaesthesia 66, 847\u2013848 (2011).","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"56326_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5049.191665","volume":"60","author":"A Chakraborty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chakraborty, A., Khemka, R. & Datta, T. Ultrasound-guided truncal blocks: A new frontier in regional anaesthesia. Indian J. Anaesth. 60, 703\u2013711 (2016).","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"56326_CR26","first-page":"805","volume":"12","author":"DE Torre","year":"2022","unstructured":"Torre, D. E. et al. Ultrasound-Guided PECS II\u2009+\u2009Serratus Plane Fascial Blocks Are Associated with Reduced Opioid Consumption and Lengths of Stay for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: An Observational Retrospective Study. Life 2022. 12, 805 (2022).","journal-title":"Life 2022"},{"key":"56326_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2023-104439","volume":"49","author":"J Vandenbrande","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vandenbrande, J. et al. Serratus plane block versus standard of care for pain control after totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement: a double-blind, randomized controlled, superiority trial. Reg. Anesth. Pain Med. 49, 429\u2013435 (2024).","journal-title":"Reg. Anesth. Pain Med."},{"key":"56326_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozguner, Y. et al. Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of combined superficial and deep serratus anterior plane block versus pectoserratus plane block following modified radical mastectomy surgery. BMC Anesthesiol 25, (2025).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-025-03213-9"},{"key":"56326_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zengin, M., Baldemir, R., Ulger, G., Sazak, H. & Alagoz, A. Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy of Thoracic Paravertebral Block and Erector Spinae Plane Block Combination in Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery. Cureus 13, (2021).","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.15614"},{"key":"56326_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redar.2017.04.005","volume":"65","author":"R Schuitemaker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schuitemaker, R. The PECS II block as a major analgesic component for clavicle operations: A description of 7 case reports. Rev. Esp. Anestesiol Reanim. 65, 53\u201358 (2018).","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Anestesiol Reanim"},{"key":"56326_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.04.003","volume":"57","author":"BH Pai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pai, B. H., Shariat, P., Bhatt, H. & A. N. & V. PECS block for an ICD implantation in the super obese patient. J. Clin. Anesth. 57, 110\u2013111 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Anesth."},{"key":"56326_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.20159","volume":"73","author":"U Kaur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaur, U. et al. Evaluation of postoperative pain in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy with pectoralis or serratus-intercostal fascial plane blocks. Korean J. Anesthesiol. 73, 425\u2013433 (2020).","journal-title":"Korean J. Anesthesiol"},{"key":"56326_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S274808","volume":"13","author":"WY Elsabeeny","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elsabeeny, W. Y., Shehab, N. N., Wadod, M. A. & Elkady, M. A. Perioperative Analgesic Modalities for Breast Cancer Surgeries: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. J. Pain Res. 13, 2885\u20132894 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"56326_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, W. et al. Application of a new serratus anterior plane block in modified radical mastectomy under ultrasound guidance: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. J Clin. Anesth 74, (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2021.110377"},{"key":"56326_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-024-03351-3","volume":"38","author":"G Kulturoglu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kulturoglu, G., Altinsoy, S., Ergil, J., Ozkan, D. & Ozguner, Y. Investigation of the analgesic effects of rhomboid intercostal and pectoral nerve blocks in breast surgery. J. Anesth. 38, 584\u2013590 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Anesth."},{"key":"56326_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04438-x","volume":"15","author":"R Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao, R. et al. The new serratus anterior plane block is more effective than the SPB block for early postoperative analgesia following modified radical mastectomy surgery. Sci. Rep. 15, 24281 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"56326_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5114\/ait.2023.126218","volume":"55","author":"A Alshawadfy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alshawadfy, A. & Al-Touny, S. A. Comparing the quality of analgesia with ultrasound-guided pectoral nerve block and serratus anterior plane block II in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy: a randomised clinical trial. Anaesthesiol. Intensive Ther. 55, 52\u201359 (2023).","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol. Intensive Ther."},{"key":"56326_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_822_19","volume":"14","author":"D Jain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jain, D. et al. Analgesic efficacy and spread of local anesthetic in ultrasound-guided paravertebral, pectoralis II, and serratus anterior plane block for breast surgeries: A randomized controlled trial. Saudi J. Anaesth. 14, 464\u2013472 (2020).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Anaesth."},{"key":"56326_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_62_17","volume":"61","author":"K Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta, K., Srikanth, K., Girdhar, K. K. & Chan, V. Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided paravertebral block versus serratus plane block for modified radical mastectomy: A randomised, controlled trial. Indian J. Anaesth. 61, 381\u2013386 (2017).","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"56326_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.5881","volume":"54","author":"G \u00dclger","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00dclger, G. et al. Comparison of combined deep and superficial serratus anterior block with thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative pain in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Turk. J. Med. Sci. 54, 1021\u20131032 (2024).","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"56326_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, G., Chen, W., Shi, D., Mei, B. & Liu, X. Superficial vs. deep serratus anterior plane block for analgesia in patients undergoing single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A randomized prospective trial. J Clin. Anesth 106, (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2025.111950"},{"key":"56326_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_1027_24","volume":"69","author":"JK Makkar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Makkar, J. K., Singh, N. P., Khurana, B. J. K. & Singh, P. M. Relative perioperative analgesic efficacy of single-shot serratus anterior plane block versus thoracic paravertebral block in breast and thoracic surgeries - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Indian J. Anaesth. 69, 54\u201364 (2025).","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"56326_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_15_18","volume":"21","author":"KN Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar, K. N. et al. Efficacy of bilateral pectoralis nerve block for ultrafast tracking and postoperative pain management in cardiac surgery. Ann. Card Anaesth. 21, 333\u2013338 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Card Anaesth."},{"key":"56326_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48013","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000048013","volume":"105","author":"XB Cui","year":"2026","unstructured":"Cui, X. B. et al. The efficacy and safety of serratus anterior plane block in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 105, e48013 (2026).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"56326_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/1556984520908962","volume":"15","author":"S Gautam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gautam, S. et al. Evaluation of Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Pain Relief in Patients Undergoing MIDCAB Surgery. Innovations (Phila). 15, 148\u2013154 (2020).","journal-title":"Innovations (Phila)"},{"key":"56326_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.aca_91_22","volume":"26","author":"S Saikat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saikat, S., Shweta, S., Somalia, M., Dibyendu, K. & Sushan, M. Comparative efficacy of serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) and fentanyl for postoperative pain management and stress response in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS). Ann. Card Anaesth. 26, 268\u2013273 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Card Anaesth."},{"key":"56326_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gasteiger, L. et al. The Impact of Preoperative Combined Pectoserratus and\/or Interpectoral Plane (Pectoralis Type II) Blocks on Opioid Consumption, Pain, and Overall Benefit of Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, C\u2026 J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth.38, 2973\u20132981 (2024).","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2024.06.036"},{"key":"56326_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.IJA_566_20","volume":"64","author":"R Magoon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magoon, R. et al. A randomised controlled comparison of serratus anterior plane, pectoral nerves and intercostal nerve block for post-thoracotomy analgesia in adult cardiac surgery. Indian J. Anaesth. 64, 1018\u20131024 (2020).","journal-title":"Indian J. Anaesth."},{"key":"56326_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baran, O., \u015eahin, A., G\u00fcrkan, S., G\u00fcr, \u00d6. & Arar, C. Optimizing Analgesia After Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial Comparing Interpectoral Plane Block Plus Serratus Anterior Plane Block to Erector Spinae Plane Block. J Clin. Med 14, (2025).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113786"},{"key":"56326_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2018.04.043","volume":"32","author":"V Moll","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moll, V. et al. Association of Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery With Higher Opioid Consumption: A Retrospective Observational Study. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth. 32, 2570\u20132577 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth."},{"key":"56326_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.02.038","volume":"130","author":"A Alfirevic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alfirevic, A. et al. Serratus anterior and pectoralis plane blocks for robotically assisted mitral valve repair: a randomised clinical trial. Br. J. Anaesth. 130, 786\u2013794 (2023).","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"56326_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2012.05.013","volume":"99","author":"KJ Haines","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haines, K. J., Skinner, E. H. & Berney, S. Association of postoperative pulmonary complications with delayed mobilisation following major abdominal surgery: an observational cohort study. Physiotherapy 99, 119\u2013125 (2013).","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"56326_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312150","volume":"104","author":"G Filardo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Filardo, G. et al. Epidemiology of new-onset atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Heart 104, 985\u2013992 (2018).","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"56326_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0166-5","volume":"16","author":"D Dobrev","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dobrev, D., Aguilar, M., Heijman, J., Guichard, J. B. & Nattel, S. Postoperative atrial fibrillation: mechanisms, manifestations and management. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 16, 417\u2013436 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"56326_CR55","first-page":"10","volume":"59","author":"AA Aleksin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aleksin, A. A. & Khoronenko, V. \u00c9. [Effects of prolonged thoracic epidural analgesia on the frequency of postoperative atrial fibrillation in thoracic surgery]. Anesteziol. Reanimatol. 59, 10\u201314 (2014).","journal-title":"Anesteziol. Reanimatol"},{"key":"56326_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong, C., Zheng, J. & Wu, J. The effects of paravertebral blockade usage on pulmonary complications, atrial fibrillation and length of hospital stay following thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery. J Clin. Anesth 79, (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2022.110770"},{"key":"56326_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200301000-00024","volume":"98","author":"B Beilin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beilin, B. et al. Effects of preemptive analgesia on pain and cytokine production in the postoperative period. Anesthesiology 98, 151\u2013155 (2003).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"56326_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2011.03.185","volume":"25","author":"P Richeb\u00e9","year":"2011","unstructured":"Richeb\u00e9, P. et al. Target-controlled dosing of remifentanil during cardiac surgery reduces postoperative hyperalgesia. J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth. 25, 917\u2013925 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc Anesth."},{"key":"56326_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2009.0036","volume":"5","author":"S Sadeghian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sadeghian, S. et al. The association of opium dependence and postoperative complications following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a propensity-matched study. J. Opioid Manag. 5, 365\u2013372 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Opioid Manag"},{"key":"56326_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2020.10.003","volume":"72","author":"P Roayaei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roayaei, P. et al. Opium and cardiovascular health: A devil or an angel? Indian Heart J. 72, 482\u2013490 (2020).","journal-title":"Indian Heart J."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56326-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56326-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56326-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:03:09Z","timestamp":1787097789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56326-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["56326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-56326-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Following approval by the Institutional Education Planning Coordination Unit (Reference number: 50687469.010.01.215313444, approval date: May 25, 2023), the study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Prospective Clinical Research and Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the University of Health Sciences (reference number: 46418926; project approval number: 2023\u2009\u2212\u2009223; evaluation date: June 20, 2023).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"25955"}}