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This multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial included full-term infants born between April 2017 and January 2022 who were hospitalized for neonatal jaundice. Participants were divided into low-irradiance (low group) and high-irradiance (high group) treatment arms. The primary outcome was the retreatment rate. A total of 104 infants (52 in each group) were included. Retreatment rates were not significantly different between the two groups (12% vs. 4%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.141). Only a few infants who required phototherapy after 72 h of birth needed retreatment (low group, 3%; high group, 0%). Considering the potential side effects of phototherapy, initiating treatment at low irradiance may be appropriate, particularly for infants aged &gt;72 h. Clinical trial registry and registration number This trial was registered to the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR;\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.umin.ac.jp\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">http:\/\/www.umin.ac.jp<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .) on October 28, 2016. Registration number: UMIN000024352\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-56573-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T23:06:14Z","timestamp":1782428774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of the effects of low-irradiance and high-irradiance phototherapy on non-hemolytic neonatal jaundice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Norika","family":"Mamiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Horiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Ino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marei","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Jinno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukako","family":"Muramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuto","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Hirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kitabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Muramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-ichi","family":"Kawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kidokoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Nagoya Collaborative Clinical Research Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Oshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maki","family":"Kondou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michio","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Tanahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"56573_CR1","unstructured":"In Avery\u2019s diseases of the newborn (eds Christine A.Gleason & Sandra E. 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This trial was approved by the institutional review board of every participating hospital, which were as follows: the Ethics Review Committee of Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine (approval number: 2016-0408), which approved the trial for Nagoya University Hospital; the institutional review board of Anjo Kosei Hospital; the ethics committee of Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital; and the Ethics and Privacy Committee of Toyota Memorial Hospital. This trial was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"29384"}}