{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:31:02Z","timestamp":1789486262039,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001786","name":"University of Adelaide","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Native predators have declined significantly in range and abundance globally. In Australia, the spotted-tailed quoll\u2019s (\n                    <jats:italic>Dasyurus maculatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) range has contracted by up to 30% since Europeans arrived in the late 1700s, with its extirpation from Kangaroo Island sometime after 1837. A feral cat eradication program is currently underway on Kangaroo Island which, if successful, will leave a vacant predator niche. The spotted-tailed quoll has been proposed as the most suitable species to reoccupy this niche, however following its local extirpation, over 50% of the island\u2019s vegetation was cleared, mostly during the 1940s\u201350s, resulting in uncertainty about the current habitat suitability for spotted-tailed quolls. We used MaxEnt and fuzzy modelling to determine if Kangaroo Island in its current state is suitable for reintroduction of the spotted-tailed quoll. MaxEnt modelling suggested that mean annual rainfall and temperature, and soil clay and sand percentage have the greatest influence on habitat suitability. Fuzzy modelling identified distinct patterns of potential den site availability, with &gt;\u200950% of Kangaroo Island providing habitat containing a suitably large proportion of den sites. Cape Gantheaume, south and south-western Dudley Peninsula and large areas of western Kangaroo Island support the highest habitat suitability and could be suitable initial reintroduction sites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-56577-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:47:51Z","timestamp":1789472871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Returning an extirpated native carnivore to its former range: a habitat suitability analysis of Kangaroo Island for spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mia","family":"Retallack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"Ostendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronwyn","family":"Fancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"56577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1400253","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1400253","volume":"1","author":"G Ceballos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ceballos, G. et al. Accelerated modern human-induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction. Sci. Adv. 1, e1400253 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"56577_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2009.03.034","volume":"142","author":"M Clavero","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clavero, M., Brotons, L., Pons, P. & Sol, D. Prominent role of invasive species in avian biodiversity loss. Biol. Conserv. 142, 2043\u20132049 (2009).","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"56577_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1996.10040949.x","volume":"10","author":"RF Noss","year":"1996","unstructured":"Noss, R. F., Quigley, H. B., Hornocker, M. G., Merrill, T. & Paquet, P. C. Conservation biology and carnivore conservation in the rocky mountains. Conserv. Biol. 10, 949\u2013963 (1996).","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"56577_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.12073","volume":"19","author":"EM Paolucci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paolucci, E. M., MacIsaac, H. J. & Ricciardi, A. Origin matters: alien consumers inflict greater damage on prey populations than do native consumers. Divers. Distrib. 19, 988\u2013995 (2013).","journal-title":"Divers. Distrib."},{"key":"56577_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11869","volume":"494","author":"AS MacDougall","year":"2013","unstructured":"MacDougall, A. S., McCann, K. S., Gellner, G. & Turkington, R. Diversity loss with persistent human disturbance increases vulnerability to ecosystem collapse. Nature 494, 86\u201389 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"56577_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaav5570","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav5570","volume":"364","author":"A Perino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perino, A. et al. Rewilding complex ecosystems. Science 364, eaav5570 (2019).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"56577_CR7","first-page":"402","volume":"24","author":"EE Bangs","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bangs, E. E. & Fritts, S. H. Reintroducing the gray wolf to central Idaho and Yellowstone National Park. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 24, 402\u2013413 (1996).","journal-title":"Wildl. Soc. Bull."},{"key":"56577_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e413","DOI":"10.1111\/csp2.413","volume":"3","author":"DW Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith, D. W. & Peterson, R. O. Intended and unintended consequences of wolf restoration to Yellowstone and Isle Royale National Parks. Conserv. Sci. Pract. 3, e413 (2021).","journal-title":"Conserv. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"56577_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woinarski, J., Burbidge, A. A. & Harrison, P. The Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012 (CSIRO Publishing, 2014).","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643108745"},{"key":"56577_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, M. E. et al. Australia\u2019s surviving marsupial carnivores: threats and conservation. Carniv. Aust. Past Present Future 197\u2013240 (2014).","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643103177.ch09"},{"key":"56577_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doody, J. S., Rhind, D., McHenry, C. M. & Clulow, S. Invasional meltdown-under? Toads facilitate cats by removing a na\u00efve top predator. Wildl Res. 51, (2023).","DOI":"10.1071\/WR22177"},{"key":"56577_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2006.05.029","volume":"1","author":"R Gr\u00fcn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcn, R. et al. A cautionary tale from down under: Dating the Black Creek Swamp megafauna site on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Quat Geochronol. 1, 142\u2013150 (2006).","journal-title":"Quat Geochronol."},{"key":"56577_CR13","unstructured":"Tyler, M. J. Preface. In Natural History of Kangaroo Island (eds. Tyler, M. J., Twidale, C. R. & Ling, J. K.) vii (Royal Society of South Australia Inc., 1979)."},{"key":"56577_CR14","first-page":"51","volume":"20","author":"PA Clarke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clarke, P. A. Early European interaction with Aboriginal hunters and gatherers on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Aborig Hist. 20, 51\u201381 (2020).","journal-title":"Aborig Hist."},{"key":"56577_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-018-1546-6","volume":"27","author":"DE Peacock","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peacock, D. E., Fancourt, B. A., McDowell, M. C. & Abbott, I. Survival histories of marsupial carnivores on Australian continental shelf islands highlight climate change and Europeans as likely extirpation factors: implications for island predator restoration. Biodivers. Conserv. 27, 2477\u20132494 (2018).","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"56577_CR16","first-page":"715","volume":"7","author":"SJ Adams","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adams, S. J., McDowell, M. C. & Prideaux, G. J. Understanding accumulation bias in the ecological interpretation of archaeological and paleontological sites on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 7, 715\u2013729 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep."},{"key":"56577_CR17","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Natural History of Kangaroo Island","author":"H Ford","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ford, H. Birds. In Natural History of Kangaroo Island 103\u2013114 (Royal Society of South Australia Inc., 1979)."},{"key":"56577_CR18","unstructured":"Houston, T. F. & Tyler, M. J. Reptiles and amphibians. In Natural History of Kangaroo Island 115\u2013122 (Royal Society of South Australia Inc., 1979)."},{"key":"56577_CR19","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Natural History of Kangaroo Island","author":"RW Inns","year":"1979","unstructured":"Inns, R. W., Aitken, P. F. & Ling, J. K. Mammals. In Natural History of Kangaroo Island (eds Tyler, M. J., Twidale, C. R. & Ling, J. K.) 91\u2013102 (Royal Society of South Australia Inc., 1979)."},{"key":"56577_CR20","unstructured":"Leigh, W. H. Reconnoitering Voyages and Travels, with Adventures in the New Colonies of South Australia (Smith Elder and Co., 1839)."},{"key":"56577_CR21","unstructured":"Anon untitled. Southern Australian 1 (1839)."},{"key":"56577_CR22","unstructured":"Per\u00f3n, F. A. Voyage de d\u00e9couvertes aux terres Australes, ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s par ordre de Sa Majest\u00e9 l\u2019Empereur et Roi, sur les Corvettes le G\u00e9ographe, le Naturaliste, et le go\u00eblette le Casuarina, pendant les ann\u00e9es 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803 et 1804; Historique: Voyage de d\u00e9couvertes aux terres Australes. Historique. Atlas, deuxi\u00e8me partie r\u00e9d. par mr. L. Freycinet (de l\u2019Imprimerie imp\u00e9riale; se vend \u00e0 Paris chez Arthus Bertrand, 1816)."},{"key":"56577_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/15564894.2013.834010","volume":"9","author":"K Walshe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walshe, K. Archaeological evidence for a sealer\u2019s and wallaby hunter\u2019s skinning site on Kangaroo Island, South Australia. J. Isl Coast Archaeol. 9, 130\u2013143 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Isl Coast Archaeol."},{"key":"56577_CR24","first-page":"3","volume":"96","author":"N Argent","year":"1997","unstructured":"Argent, N. Rural crises and local farm\/non farm business linkages: a case study of Kangaroo Island. South. Aust Geogr. J. 96, 3\u201319 (1997).","journal-title":"South. Aust Geogr. J."},{"key":"56577_CR25","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"I Abbott","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abbott, I. The spread of the cat, Felis catus, in Australia: re-examination of the current conceptual model with additional information. Conserv. Sci. West. Aust. 7, 1\u201317 (2008).","journal-title":"Conserv. Sci. West. Aust"},{"key":"56577_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO14029","volume":"62","author":"D Peacock","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peacock, D. & Abbott, I. When the \u2018native cat\u2019 would \u2018plague\u2019: historical hyperabundance in the quoll (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) and an assessment of the role of disease, cats and foxes in its curtailment. Aust J. Zool. 62, 294 (2014).","journal-title":"Aust J. Zool."},{"key":"56577_CR27","unstructured":"Wood Jones, F. The Mammals of South Australia (Govt. Printer, 1923)."},{"key":"56577_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1071\/WR18118","volume":"46","author":"PL Taggart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taggart, P. L. et al. Evidence of significantly higher island feral cat abundance compared with the adjacent mainland. Wildl. Res. 46, 378\u2013385 (2019).","journal-title":"Wildl. Res."},{"key":"56577_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1071\/WR9960387","volume":"23","author":"SA May","year":"1996","unstructured":"May, S. A. & Norton, T. W. Influence of fragmentation and disturbance on the potential impact of feral predators on native fauna in Australian forest ecosystems. Wildl. Res. 23, 387\u2013400 (1996).","journal-title":"Wildl. Res."},{"key":"56577_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berris, K. et al. From the brink of extinction: Successful recovery of the glossy black-cockatoo on Kangaroo Island. Recover. Aust. Threat Species Book. Hope 75\u201384 (2018).","DOI":"10.1071\/9781486307425.BK07705_ch09"},{"key":"56577_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/aec.13294","volume":"48","author":"R Hohnen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hohnen, R. et al. Abundance and detection of feral cats decreases after severe fire on Kangaroo Island, Australia. Austral Ecol. 48, 600\u2013615 (2023).","journal-title":"Austral Ecol."},{"key":"56577_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7272","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11383-6","volume":"12","author":"P Hodgens","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hodgens, P., Groffen, H., O\u2019Handley, R., Vyas, A. & Lignereux, L. Cat predation of Kangaroo Island dunnarts in aftermath of bushfire. Sci. Rep. 12, 7272 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"56577_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0133915","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133915","volume":"10","author":"H McGregor","year":"2015","unstructured":"McGregor, H., Legge, S., Jones, M. E. & Johnson, C. N. Feral cats are better killers in open habitats, revealed by animal-borne video. PLOS ONE. 10, e0133915 (2015).","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"56577_CR34","unstructured":"Willoughby, N., Oppermann, A. M. & Inns, R. W. Biodiversity Plan for Kangaroo Island, South Australia (Department for Environment and Heritage, 2001)."},{"key":"56577_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11454-z","volume":"7","author":"GE Andersen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andersen, G. E., Johnson, C. N., Barmuta, L. A. & Jones, M. E. Use of anthropogenic linear features by two medium-sized carnivores in reserved and agricultural landscapes. Sci. Rep. 7, 11624 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"56577_CR36","volume-title":"in a fragmented landscape within the Hunter Valley region of Australia","author":"T Henderson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Henderson, T. The ecology and conservation of the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) in a fragmented landscape within the Hunter Valley region of Australia. (University of New England, Armidale, 2023)."},{"key":"56577_CR37","unstructured":"Troy, S. N. Spatial Ecology of the Tasmanian Spotted-Tailed Quoll (University of Tasmania, 2014)."},{"key":"56577_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2006.00056.x","volume":"269","author":"CA Belcher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Belcher, C. A. & Darrant, J. P. Habitat use by tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) in south-eastern Australia. J. Zool. 269, 183\u2013190 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Zool."},{"key":"56577_CR39","first-page":"347","volume":"268","author":"AS Glen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Glen, A. S. & Dickman, C. R. Home range, denning behaviour and microhabitat use of the carnivorous marsupial Dasyurus maculatus in eastern Australia. J. Zool. 1987. 268, 347\u2013354 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Zool. 1987"},{"key":"56577_CR40","unstructured":"Andrew, D. L. Ecology of the Tiger quoll Dasyurus maculatus Maculatus in Coastal New South Wales (University of Wollongong, 2005)."},{"key":"56577_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1071\/AM06007","volume":"28","author":"CA Belcher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Belcher, C. A. & Darrant, J. P. Den use by the spotted-tailed quoll Dasyurus maculatus in south-eastern Australia. Aust Mammal. 28, 59\u201364 (2006).","journal-title":"Aust Mammal"},{"key":"56577_CR42","unstructured":"Nelson, J. L. The Development of a Survey Protocol Using Hair-Tubes to Detect a Rare Marsupial Carnivore, the Spotted-Tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculatus (University of Melbourne, 2007)."},{"key":"56577_CR43","unstructured":"Phillips, S. J., Dud\u00edk, M. & Schapire, R. E. Maxent software for modeling species niches and distributions (Version 3.4. 1). (2017)."},{"key":"56577_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4642.2010.00725.x","volume":"17","author":"J Elith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elith, J. et al. A statistical explanation of MaxEnt for ecologists. Divers. Distrib. 17, 43\u201357 (2011).","journal-title":"Divers. Distrib."},{"key":"56577_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2011.04.011","volume":"222","author":"RP Anderson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anderson, R. P. & Gonzalez, I. Species-specific tuning increases robustness to sampling bias in models of species distributions: An implementation with Maxent. Ecol. Model. 222, 2796\u20132811 (2011).","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"56577_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2013.07872.x","volume":"36","author":"C Merow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Merow, C., Smith, M. J. & Silander, J. A. Jr A practical guide to MaxEnt for modeling species\u2019 distributions: what it does, and why inputs and settings matter. Ecography 36, 1058\u20131069 (2013).","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"56577_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1644\/1545-1410(2001)676<0001:DM>2.0.CO;2","volume":"676","author":"ME Jones","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jones, M. E., Rose, R. K. & Burnett, S. Dasyurus maculatus. Mamm. Species. 676, 1\u20139 (2001).","journal-title":"Mamm. Species"},{"key":"56577_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-22648-6_4","volume-title":"Quantitative Methods for Conservation Biology","author":"J Elith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Elith, J. Quantitative methods for modeling species habitat: comparative performance and an application to australian plants. In Quantitative Methods for Conservation Biology (eds Ferson, S. & Burgman, M.) 39\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/0-387-22648-6_4 (Springer, 2000)."},{"key":"56577_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026","volume":"190","author":"SJ Phillips","year":"2006","unstructured":"Phillips, S. J., Anderson, R. P. & Schapire, R. E. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecol. Model. 190, 231\u2013259 (2006).","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"56577_CR50","unstructured":"Atlas of Living Australia. Dasyurus maculatus (Kerr, 1792). (2023)."},{"key":"56577_CR51","unstructured":"iNaturalist. Spotted-tailed Quoll (Dasyurus maculatus). (2023)."},{"key":"56577_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2013.12.012","volume":"275","author":"RA Boria","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boria, R. A., Olson, L. E., Goodman, S. M. & Anderson, R. P. Spatial filtering to reduce sampling bias can improve the performance of ecological niche models. Ecol. Model. 275, 73\u201377 (2014).","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"56577_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.01132","volume":"38","author":"ME Aiello-Lammens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aiello-Lammens, M. E., Boria, R. A., Radosavljevic, A. & Vilela, B. spThin: an R package for spatial thinning of species occurrence records for use in ecological niche models. Ecography 38, 541\u2013545 (2015).","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"56577_CR54","unstructured":"Core Team, R. R. R: A language and environment for statistical computing (2013)."},{"key":"56577_CR55","unstructured":"ESRI. ArcGIS Pro (version 3.5.1). (2023)."},{"key":"56577_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belcher, C. Demographics of tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus maculatus) populations in south-eastern Australia. Aust J. Zool 51, (2003).","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO02051"},{"key":"56577_CR57","unstructured":"EcoCommons Australia. EcoCommons Australia - the platform of choice for ecological and environmental modelling. (2022)."},{"key":"56577_CR58","unstructured":"Malone, B. & Searle, R. Soil and Landscape Grid National Soil Attribute Maps\u2014Clay (3 Resolution). (2022)."},{"key":"56577_CR59","unstructured":"Malone, B. & Searle, R. Soil and Landscape Grid National Soil Attribute Maps\u2014Sand (3 Resolution). (2022)."},{"key":"56577_CR60","unstructured":"Bureau of Meteorology. High Resolution Mean Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Rainfall Data (Base Climatological Data Sets). (2020)."},{"key":"56577_CR61","unstructured":"Bureau of Meteorology. Mean Monthly and Mean Annual Maximum, Minimum and Mean Temperature Data (Base Climatological Data Sets). (2020)."},{"key":"56577_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13628","volume":"12","author":"JM Kass","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kass, J. M. et al. ENMeval 2.0: Redesigned for customizable and reproducible modeling of species\u2019 niches and distributions. Methods Ecol. Evol. 12, 1602\u20131608 (2021).","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"56577_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-7590.2008.5203.x","volume":"31","author":"SJ Phillips","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phillips, S. J. & Dud\u00edk, M. Modeling of species distributions with Maxent: new extensions and a comprehensive evaluation. Ecography 31, 161\u2013175 (2008).","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"56577_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1890\/10-1171.1","volume":"21","author":"DL Warren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Warren, D. L. & Seifert, S. N. Ecological niche modeling in Maxent: the importance of model complexity and the performance of model selection criteria. Ecol. Appl. 21, 335\u2013342 (2011).","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"56577_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1109\/2.53","volume":"21","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zadeh, L. A. Fuzzy logic. Computer 21, 83\u201393 (1988).","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"56577_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/14498596.2017.1292965","volume":"62","author":"K Zabihi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zabihi, K. et al. A fuzzy logic approach to analyse the suitability of nesting habitat for greater sage-grouse in western Wyoming. J. Spat. Sci. 62, 215\u2013234 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Spat. Sci."},{"key":"56577_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pouw, F. A. & Kwiatkowska, M. An Overview of Fuzzy-Logic Based Approaches to Ecology: Addressing Uncertainty, 540\u2013545 (IEEE, 2013).","DOI":"10.1109\/IFSA-NAFIPS.2013.6608458"},{"key":"56577_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1071\/WR9950341","volume":"22","author":"CA Belcher","year":"1995","unstructured":"Belcher, C. A. Diet of the tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) in East Gippsland, Victoria. Wildl. Res. 22, 341\u2013357 (1995).","journal-title":"Wildl. Res."},{"key":"56577_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1071\/ZO20012","volume":"67","author":"G K\u00f6rtner","year":"2019","unstructured":"K\u00f6rtner, G., Claridge, A. & Ballard, G. Denning behaviour of female spotted-tailed quolls during the breeding season. Aust J. Zool. 67, 145\u2013152 (2019).","journal-title":"Aust J. Zool."},{"key":"56577_CR70","unstructured":"Department of Climate Change. National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) Version 6.0\u2014Australia- Extant Vegetation (2020)."},{"key":"56577_CR71","unstructured":"Department for Environment and Water. Data-Driven Ecosystems of Kangaroo Island (2023)."},{"key":"56577_CR72","unstructured":"Mansergh, I. status, distribution and abundance of Dasyurus maculatus (Tiger Quoll) in Australia, with particular reference to Victoria. Aust Zool 109\u2013122 (1983)."},{"key":"56577_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-1963(18)31639-2","volume":"3","author":"KS Shurcliff","year":"1980","unstructured":"Shurcliff, K. S. Vegetation and bird community characteristics in an Australian arid mountain range. J. Arid Environ. 3, 331\u2013348 (1980).","journal-title":"J. Arid Environ."},{"key":"56577_CR74","unstructured":"Bunnell, F. L. Thermoregulation and Thermal Cover of Deer and Elk on Vancouver Island: Problem Analysis (Ministry of Environment and Parks, 1986)."},{"key":"56577_CR75","unstructured":"Lange, R. T. Native Vegetation. In Natural History of Kangaroo Island (eds. Tyler, M. J., Twidale, C. R. & Ling, J. K.) 65\u201380 (Royal Society of South Australia Inc., 1979)."},{"key":"56577_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1071\/AM13007","volume":"36","author":"TL Moore","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moore, T. L., Valentine, L. E., Craig, M. D., Hardy, G. S. J. & Fleming, P. A. Does woodland condition influence the diversity and abundance of small mammal communities? Aust Mammal. 36, 35\u201344 (2013).","journal-title":"Aust Mammal"},{"key":"56577_CR77","unstructured":"NVIS Technical Working Group. Australian Vegetation Attribute Manual V 7.0. (2017)."},{"key":"56577_CR78","unstructured":"ESRI. How Fuzzy Overlay works. (2023)."},{"key":"56577_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0265293","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265293","volume":"17","author":"V Gwynn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gwynn, V. & Symeonakis, E. Rule-based habitat suitability modelling for the reintroduction of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) in Scotland. PloS One. 17, e0265293 (2022).","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"56577_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2019.105073","volume":"188","author":"BS Dias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dias, B. S., Martins, L., Moraes de Sousa, B. M., Cardoso, M. E. C., Jordaan, A. & A. T. & Prioritizing species of concern monitoring using GIS-based fuzzy models. Ocean. Coast Manag. 188, 105073 (2020).","journal-title":"Ocean. Coast Manag"},{"key":"56577_CR81","volume-title":"\u2018Research Techniques in Animal Ecology: Controversies and Consequences\u2019.(Eds L. Boitani and TK Fuller.) Pp. 65\u2013110","author":"RA Powell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Powell, R. A. Animal home ranges and territories and home range estimators. In Research Techniques in Animal Ecology: Controversies and Consequences (eds Boitani, L. & Fuller, T. K.) 65\u2013110 (Columbia University, 2000)."},{"key":"56577_CR82","first-page":"307","volume":"29","author":"JA Hanley","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hanley, J. A. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology: the state of the art. Crit. Rev. Diagn. Imaging. 29, 307\u2013335 (1989).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Diagn. Imaging"},{"key":"56577_CR83","unstructured":"Belcher, C. A. Ecology of the Tiger Quoll, Dasyurus maculatus, in South-Eastern Australia (Deakin University, 2000)."},{"key":"56577_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glen, A. & Dickman, C. Carnivores of Australia: Past, Present and Future (CSIRO Publishing, 2014).","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643103177"},{"key":"56577_CR85","first-page":"358","volume":"53","author":"JW Laundr\u00e9","year":"1993","unstructured":"Laundr\u00e9, J. W. & Reynolds, T. D. Effects of soil structure on burrow characteristics of five small mammal species. Gt Basin Nat. 53, 358\u2013366 (1993).","journal-title":"Gt Basin Nat."},{"key":"56577_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12319","volume":"24","author":"RJ Fensham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fensham, R. J., Butler, D. W. & Foley, J. How does clay constrain woody biomass in drylands? Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 24, 950\u2013958 (2015).","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr."},{"key":"56577_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12138","volume":"23","author":"JJ Lahoz-Monfort","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lahoz-Monfort, J. J., Guillera-Arroita, G. & Wintle, B. A. Imperfect detection impacts the performance of species distribution models. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 23, 504\u2013515 (2014).","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr."},{"key":"56577_CR88","unstructured":"Van Dyck, S. & Strahan, R. The Mammals of Australia (New Holland Pub Pty Limited, 2008)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56577-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56577-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56577-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:02:34Z","timestamp":1789477354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56577-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["56577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-56577-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"28733"}}